interleukin-8 and Vitamin-D-Deficiency

This review explores the potential for vitamin D to favorably alter the gut microbiota, given emerging evidence of the role of vitamin D in controlling mucosal inflammation in the gut. It will focus on cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, a population with both vitamin D deficiency due to gut malabsorption and an altered gut microbiota composition. Recent evidence shows that vitamin D acts to maintain the integrity of the gut mucosal barrier by enhancement of intercellular junctions that control mucosal permeability and reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-8. In addition, vitamin D receptor-mediated signaling has been shown to inhibit inflammation-induced apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells. As a result of these effects on the intestinal mucosa, maintenance of sufficient vitamin D status may be essential for the development of a healthy gut microbiota, particularly in conditions defined by chronic mucosal inflammation such as CF. We hypothesize here that high dose vitamin D may be used to favorably manipulate the aberrant mucosa seen in patients with CF. This may result in improved clinical outcomes in association with a low inflammatory environment that allows beneficial bacteria to outcompete opportunistic pathogens. Current evidence is sparse but encouraging, and additional evidence is needed to establish vitamin D as a therapeutic approach for gut microbiota modification.

Topics: Animals; Cystic Fibrosis; Dysbiosis; Epithelial Cells; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Intercellular Junctions; Interleukin-8; Intestinal Mucosa; Mice; Receptors, Calcitriol; Signal Transduction; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a novel respiratory illness firstly reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It is caused by a new corona virus, called MERS corona virus (MERS-CoV). Most people who have MERS-CoV infection developed severe acute respiratory illness.. This work is done to determine the clinical characteristics and the outcome of intensive care unit (ICU) admitted patients with confirmed MERS-CoV infection.. This study included 32 laboratory confirmed MERS corona virus infected patients who were admitted into ICU. It included 20 (62.50%) males and 12 (37.50%) females. The mean age was 43.99 ± 13.03 years. Diagnosis was done by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) test for corona virus on throat swab, sputum, tracheal aspirate, or bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. Clinical characteristics, co-morbidities and outcome were reported for all subjects.. Most MERS corona patients present with fever, cough, dyspnea, sore throat, runny nose and sputum. The presence of abdominal symptoms may indicate bad prognosis. Prolonged duration of symptoms before patients' hospitalization, prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation and hospital stay, bilateral radiological pulmonary infiltrates, and hypoxemic respiratory failure were found to be strong predictors of mortality in such patients. Also, old age, current smoking, smoking severity, presence of associated co-morbidities like obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronic heart diseases, COPD, malignancy, renal failure, renal transplantation and liver cirrhosis are associated with a poor outcome of ICU admitted MERS corona virus infected patients.. Plasma HO-1, ferritin, p21, and NQO1 were all elevated at baseline in CKD participants. Plasma HO-1 and urine NQO1 levels each inversely correlated with eGFR (. SnPP can be safely administered and, after its injection, the resulting changes in plasma HO-1, NQO1, ferritin, and p21 concentrations can provide information as to antioxidant gene responsiveness/reserves in subjects with and without kidney disease.. A Study with RBT-1, in Healthy Volunteers and Subjects with Stage 3-4 Chronic Kidney Disease, NCT0363002 and NCT03893799.. HFNC did not significantly modify work of breathing in healthy subjects. However, a significant reduction in the minute volume was achieved, capillary [Formula: see text] remaining constant, which suggests a reduction in dead-space ventilation with flows > 20 L/min. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT02495675).. 3 组患者手术时间、术中显性失血量及术后 1 周血红蛋白下降量比较差异均无统计学意义（. 对于肥胖和超重的膝关节单间室骨关节炎患者，采用 UKA 术后可获满意短中期疗效，远期疗效尚需进一步随访观察。.. Decreased muscle strength was identified at both time points in patients with hEDS/HSD. The evolution of most muscle strength parameters over time did not significantly differ between groups. Future studies should focus on the effectiveness of different types of muscle training strategies in hEDS/HSD patients.. These findings support previous adverse findings of e-cigarette exposure on neurodevelopment in a mouse model and provide substantial evidence of persistent adverse behavioral and neuroimmunological consequences to adult offspring following maternal e-cigarette exposure during pregnancy. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6067.. This RCT directly compares a neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen with a standard CROSS regimen in terms of overall survival for patients with locally advanced ESCC. The results of this RCT will provide an answer for the controversy regarding the survival benefits between the two treatment strategies.. NCT04138212, date of registration: October 24, 2019.. Results of current investigation indicated that milk type and post fermentation cooling patterns had a pronounced effect on antioxidant characteristics, fatty acid profile, lipid oxidation and textural characteristics of yoghurt. Buffalo milk based yoghurt had more fat, protein, higher antioxidant capacity and vitamin content. Antioxidant and sensory characteristics of T. If milk is exposed to excessive amounts of light, Vitamins B. The two concentration of ZnO nanoparticles in the ambient air produced two different outcomes. The lower concentration resulted in significant increases in Zn content of the liver while the higher concentration significantly increased Zn in the lungs (p < 0.05). Additionally, at the lower concentration, Zn content was found to be lower in brain tissue (p < 0.05). Using TEM/EDX we detected ZnO nanoparticles inside the cells in the lungs, kidney and liver. Inhaling ZnO NP at the higher concentration increased the levels of mRNA of the following genes in the lungs: Mt2 (2.56 fold), Slc30a1 (1.52 fold) and Slc30a5 (2.34 fold). At the lower ZnO nanoparticle concentration, only Slc30a7 mRNA levels in the lungs were up (1.74 fold). Thus the two air concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles produced distinct effects on the expression of the Zn-homeostasis related genes.. Until adverse health effects of ZnO nanoparticles deposited in organs such as lungs are further investigated and/or ruled out, the exposure to ZnO nanoparticles in aerosols should be avoided or minimised.

Topics: A549 Cells; Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine; Acinetobacter baumannii; Acute Lung Injury; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Adenine; Adenocarcinoma; Adipogenesis; Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Ophthalmic; Adolescent; Adsorption; Adult; Aeromonas hydrophila; Aerosols; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Agriculture; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Airway Remodeling; Alanine Transaminase; Albuminuria; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; Algorithms; AlkB Homolog 2, Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase; Alzheimer Disease; Amino Acid Sequence; Ammonia; Ammonium Compounds; Anaerobiosis; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antifungal Agents; Antigens, Bacterial; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Antioxidants; Antitubercular Agents; Antiviral Agents; Apolipoproteins E; Apoptosis; Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Arsenic; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Asthma; Atherosclerosis; ATP-Dependent Proteases; Attitude of Health Personnel; Australia; Austria; Autophagy; Axitinib; Bacteria; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bariatric Surgery; Base Composition; Bayes Theorem; Benzoxazoles; Benzylamines; beta Catenin; Betacoronavirus; Betula; Binding Sites; Biological Availability; Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy; Bioreactors; Biosensing Techniques; Birth Weight; Blindness; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Blood-Brain Barrier; Blotting, Western; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Bone Resorption; Borates; Brain; Brain Infarction; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Brain Neoplasms; Breakfast; Breast Milk Expression; Breast Neoplasms; Bronchi; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Buffaloes; Cadherins; Calcification, Physiologic; Calcium Compounds; Calcium, Dietary; Cannula; Caprolactam; Carbon; Carbon Dioxide; Carboplatin; Carcinogenesis; Carcinoma, Ductal; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carps; Carrageenan; Case-Control Studies; Catalysis; Catalytic Domain; Cattle; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cell Adhesion; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cell Death; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Nucleus; Cell Phone Use; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cell Transformation, Viral; Cells, Cultured; Cellulose; Chemical Phenomena; Chemoradiotherapy; Child; Child Development; Child, Preschool; China; Chitosan; Chlorocebus aethiops; Cholecalciferol; Chromatography, Liquid; Circadian Clocks; Circadian Rhythm; Circular Dichroism; Cisplatin; Citric Acid; Clinical Competence; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Coculture Techniques; Cohort Studies; Cold Temperature; Colitis; Collagen Type I; Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain; Collagen Type XI; Color; Connective Tissue Diseases; Copper; Coronary Angiography; Coronavirus 3C Proteases; Coronavirus Infections; Cost of Illness; Counselors; COVID-19; COVID-19 Testing; Creatine Kinase; Creatinine; Cross-Over Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cryoelectron Microscopy; Cryosurgery; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cues; Cultural Competency; Cultural Diversity; Curriculum; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; Cycloparaffins; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Cytokines; Cytoplasm; Cytoprotection; Databases, Factual; Denitrification; Deoxycytidine; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diagnosis, Differential; Diatoms; Diet; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Exposure; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Diketopiperazines; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Disease-Free Survival; DNA; DNA Damage; DNA Glycosylases; DNA Repair; DNA-Binding Proteins; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Viral; Docetaxel; Dose Fractionation, Radiation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Down-Regulation; Doxorubicin; Drosophila; Drosophila melanogaster; Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Liberation; Drug Repositioning; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Edema; Edible Grain; Education, Graduate; Education, Medical, Graduate; Education, Pharmacy; Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome; Electron Transport Complex III; Electron Transport Complex IV; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Emergency Service, Hospital; Empathy; Emulsions; Endothelial Cells; Endurance Training; Energy Intake; Enterovirus A, Human; Environment; Environmental Monitoring; Enzyme Assays; Enzyme Inhibitors; Epithelial Cells; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Epoxide Hydrolases; Epoxy Compounds; Erythrocyte Count; Erythrocytes; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Escherichia coli Proteins; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Esophagectomy; Estrogens; Etanercept; Ethiopia; Ethnicity; Ethylenes; Exanthema; Exercise; Exercise Test; Exercise Tolerance; Extracellular Matrix; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; Eye Infections, Fungal; False Negative Reactions; Fatty Acids; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Feces; Female; Femur Neck; Fermentation; Ferritins; Fetal Development; Fibroblast Growth Factor-23; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Fibroblasts; Fibroins; Fish Proteins; Flavanones; Flavonoids; Focus Groups; Follow-Up Studies; Food Handling; Food Supply; Food, Formulated; Forced Expiratory Volume; Forests; Fractures, Bone; Fruit and Vegetable Juices; Fusobacteria; G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints; G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Gamma Rays; Gastrectomy; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors; Gefitinib; Gels; Gemcitabine; Gene Amplification; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Gene-Environment Interaction; Genotype; Germany; Glioma; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glucagon; Glucocorticoids; Glycemic Control; Glycerol; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Glycolipids; Glycolysis; Goblet Cells; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; Graphite; Greenhouse Effect; Guanidines; Haemophilus influenzae; HCT116 Cells; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Personnel; Health Services Accessibility; Health Services Needs and Demand; Health Status Disparities; Healthy Volunteers; Heart Failure; Heart Rate; Heart Transplantation; Heart-Assist Devices; HEK293 Cells; Heme; Heme Oxygenase-1; Hemolysis; Hemorrhage; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B e Antigens; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Hepatocytes; Hexoses; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Hippo Signaling Pathway; Histamine; Histamine Agonists; Histidine; Histone Deacetylase 2; HIV Infections; HIV Reverse Transcriptase; HIV-1; Homebound Persons; Homeodomain Proteins; Homosexuality, Male; Hospice and Palliative Care Nursing; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; Humans; Hyaluronan Receptors; Hydrogen; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hypoxia; Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Imatinib Mesylate; Immunotherapy; Implementation Science; Incidence; INDEL Mutation; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Industrial Waste; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; 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Lung Diseases, Interstitial; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating; Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell; Lysosomes; Macrophages; Male; Manganese Compounds; MAP Kinase Kinase 4; Mass Screening; Maternal Health; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Melanoma, Experimental; Memantine; Membrane Glycoproteins; Membrane Proteins; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Metal Nanoparticles; Metalloendopeptidases; Metalloporphyrins; Methadone; Methane; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Mexico; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred ICR; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Nude; Mice, SCID; Mice, Transgenic; Microarray Analysis; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbiota; Micronutrients; MicroRNAs; Microscopy, Confocal; Microsomes, Liver; Middle Aged; Milk; Milk, Human; Minority Groups; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Membranes; Mitochondrial Proteins; Models, Animal; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Molecular Epidemiology; 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Oocytes; Open Reading Frames; Osteoclasts; Osteogenesis; Osteoporosis; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Outpatients; Ovarian Neoplasms; Ovariectomy; Overweight; Oxazines; Oxidants; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Oxides; Oxidoreductases; Oxygen; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; Oxygenators, Membrane; Ozone; Paclitaxel; Paenibacillus; Pain Measurement; Palliative Care; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pandemics; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Particulate Matter; Pasteurization; Patient Preference; Patient Satisfaction; Pediatric Obesity; Permeability; Peroxiredoxins; Peroxynitrous Acid; Pharmaceutical Services; Pharmacists; Pharmacy; Phaseolus; Phenotype; Phoeniceae; Phosphates; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Phospholipid Transfer Proteins; Phospholipids; Phosphorus; Phosphorylation; Photoperiod; Photosynthesis; Phylogeny; Physical Endurance; Physicians; Pilot Projects; Piperidines; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plant Proteins; Plant Roots; Plaque, Atherosclerotic; Pneumonia; Pneumonia, Viral; Point-of-Care Testing; Polyethylene Glycols; Polymers; Polysorbates; Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Postprandial Period; Poverty; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis; Prediabetic State; Predictive Value of Tests; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Pregnancy, High-Risk; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Pressure; Prevalence; Primary Graft Dysfunction; Primary Health Care; Professional Role; Professionalism; Prognosis; Progression-Free Survival; Prolactin; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Proof of Concept Study; Proportional Hazards Models; Propylene Glycol; Prospective Studies; Prostate; Protein Binding; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein Isoforms; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Protein Phosphatase 2; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Protein Transport; Proteoglycans; Proteome; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); Proton Pumps; Protons; Protoporphyrins; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Pulmonary Artery; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Pulmonary Gas Exchange; Pulmonary Veins; Pyrazoles; Pyridines; Pyrimidines; Qualitative Research; Quinoxalines; Rabbits; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Histamine H3; Receptors, Immunologic; Receptors, Transferrin; Recombinant Proteins; Recurrence; Reference Values; Referral and Consultation; Regional Blood Flow; Registries; Regulon; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Reperfusion Injury; Repressor Proteins; Reproducibility of Results; Republic of Korea; Research Design; Resistance Training; Respiration, Artificial; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Respiratory Insufficiency; Resuscitation; Retinal Dehydrogenase; Retreatment; Retrospective Studies; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Rhinitis, Allergic; Ribosomal Proteins; Ribosomes; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Ritonavir; Rivers; RNA Interference; RNA-Seq; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; RNA, Small Interfering; Rosuvastatin Calcium; Rural Population; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Salivary Ducts; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; San Francisco; SARS-CoV-2; Satiation; Satiety Response; Schools; Schools, Pharmacy; Seasons; Seawater; Selection, Genetic; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Serine-Threonine Kinase 3; Sewage; Sheep; Sheep, Domestic; Shock, Hemorrhagic; Signal Transduction; Silver; Silymarin; Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Computed Tomography; Sirolimus; Sirtuin 1; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Social Class; Social Participation; Social Support; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Solutions; Somatomedins; Soot; Specimen Handling; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Spectrum Analysis; Spinal Fractures; Spirometry; Staphylococcus aureus; STAT1 Transcription Factor; STAT3 Transcription Factor; Streptomyces coelicolor; Stress, Psychological; Stroke; Stroke Volume; Structure-Activity Relationship; Students, Medical; Students, Pharmacy; Substance Abuse Treatment Centers; Sulfur Dioxide; Surface Properties; Surface-Active Agents; Surveys and Questionnaires; Survival Analysis; Survival Rate; Survivin; Sweden; Swine; Swine, Miniature; Sympathetic Nervous System; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Talaromyces; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; tau Proteins; Telemedicine; Telomerase; Telomere; Telomere Homeostasis; Temperature; Terminally Ill; Th1 Cells; Thiamethoxam; Thiazoles; Thiophenes; Thioredoxin Reductase 1; Thrombosis; Thulium; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic; Thyroid Neoplasms; Time Factors; Titanium; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Transcription Factor AP-1; Transcription Factors; Transcription, Genetic; Transcriptional Activation; Transcriptome; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Transistors, Electronic; Translational Research, Biomedical; Transplantation Tolerance; Transplantation, Homologous; Transportation; Treatment Outcome; Tretinoin; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Tubulin Modulators; Tumor Microenvironment; Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Twins; Ultrasonic Therapy; Ultrasonography; Ultraviolet Rays; United States; Up-Regulation; Uranium; Urethra; Urinary Bladder; Urodynamics; Uromodulin; Uveitis; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Ventricular Function, Left; Vero Cells; Vesicular Transport Proteins; Viral Nonstructural Proteins; Visual Acuity; Vital Capacity; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin K 2; Vitamins; Volatilization; Voriconazole; Waiting Lists; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Wastewater; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Whole Genome Sequencing; Wine; Wnt Signaling Pathway; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries; WW Domains; X-linked Nuclear Protein; X-Ray Diffraction; Xanthines; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; YAP-Signaling Proteins; Yogurt; Young Adult; Zebrafish; Zebrafish Proteins; Ziziphus

Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to be independently associated with increased risk of viral acute respiratory infection (ARI) in a number of observational studies, and meta-analysis of clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation for prevention of ARI has demonstrated protective effects. Several cellular studies have investigated the effects of vitamin D metabolites on immune responses to respiratory viruses, but syntheses of these reports are lacking.. In this article, we review the literature reporting results of in vitro experiments investigating immunomodulatory actions of vitamin D metabolites in human respiratory epithelial cells infected with respiratory viruses.. Vitamin D metabolites do not consistently influence replication or clearance of rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or influenza A virus in human respiratory epithelial cell culture, although they do modulate expression and secretion of type 1 interferon, chemokines including CXCL8 and CXCL10 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF and IL-6.. More studies are needed to clarify the effects of vitamin D metabolites on respiratory virus-induced expression of cell surface markers mediating viral entry and bacterial adhesion to respiratory epithelial cells.

Topics: Chemokine CXCL10; Dietary Supplements; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Immunomodulation; Influenza A virus; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses; Respiratory Tract Infections; Rhinovirus; Tumor Necrosis Factors; Virus Diseases; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a novel respiratory illness firstly reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It is caused by a new corona virus, called MERS corona virus (MERS-CoV). Most people who have MERS-CoV infection developed severe acute respiratory illness.. This work is done to determine the clinical characteristics and the outcome of intensive care unit (ICU) admitted patients with confirmed MERS-CoV infection.. This study included 32 laboratory confirmed MERS corona virus infected patients who were admitted into ICU. It included 20 (62.50%) males and 12 (37.50%) females. The mean age was 43.99 ± 13.03 years. Diagnosis was done by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) test for corona virus on throat swab, sputum, tracheal aspirate, or bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. Clinical characteristics, co-morbidities and outcome were reported for all subjects.. Most MERS corona patients present with fever, cough, dyspnea, sore throat, runny nose and sputum. The presence of abdominal symptoms may indicate bad prognosis. Prolonged duration of symptoms before patients' hospitalization, prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation and hospital stay, bilateral radiological pulmonary infiltrates, and hypoxemic respiratory failure were found to be strong predictors of mortality in such patients. Also, old age, current smoking, smoking severity, presence of associated co-morbidities like obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronic heart diseases, COPD, malignancy, renal failure, renal transplantation and liver cirrhosis are associated with a poor outcome of ICU admitted MERS corona virus infected patients.. Plasma HO-1, ferritin, p21, and NQO1 were all elevated at baseline in CKD participants. Plasma HO-1 and urine NQO1 levels each inversely correlated with eGFR (. SnPP can be safely administered and, after its injection, the resulting changes in plasma HO-1, NQO1, ferritin, and p21 concentrations can provide information as to antioxidant gene responsiveness/reserves in subjects with and without kidney disease.. A Study with RBT-1, in Healthy Volunteers and Subjects with Stage 3-4 Chronic Kidney Disease, NCT0363002 and NCT03893799.. HFNC did not significantly modify work of breathing in healthy subjects. However, a significant reduction in the minute volume was achieved, capillary [Formula: see text] remaining constant, which suggests a reduction in dead-space ventilation with flows > 20 L/min. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT02495675).. 3 组患者手术时间、术中显性失血量及术后 1 周血红蛋白下降量比较差异均无统计学意义（. 对于肥胖和超重的膝关节单间室骨关节炎患者，采用 UKA 术后可获满意短中期疗效，远期疗效尚需进一步随访观察。.. Decreased muscle strength was identified at both time points in patients with hEDS/HSD. The evolution of most muscle strength parameters over time did not significantly differ between groups. Future studies should focus on the effectiveness of different types of muscle training strategies in hEDS/HSD patients.. These findings support previous adverse findings of e-cigarette exposure on neurodevelopment in a mouse model and provide substantial evidence of persistent adverse behavioral and neuroimmunological consequences to adult offspring following maternal e-cigarette exposure during pregnancy. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6067.. This RCT directly compares a neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen with a standard CROSS regimen in terms of overall survival for patients with locally advanced ESCC. The results of this RCT will provide an answer for the controversy regarding the survival benefits between the two treatment strategies.. NCT04138212, date of registration: October 24, 2019.. Results of current investigation indicated that milk type and post fermentation cooling patterns had a pronounced effect on antioxidant characteristics, fatty acid profile, lipid oxidation and textural characteristics of yoghurt. Buffalo milk based yoghurt had more fat, protein, higher antioxidant capacity and vitamin content. Antioxidant and sensory characteristics of T. If milk is exposed to excessive amounts of light, Vitamins B. The two concentration of ZnO nanoparticles in the ambient air produced two different outcomes. The lower concentration resulted in significant increases in Zn content of the liver while the higher concentration significantly increased Zn in the lungs (p < 0.05). Additionally, at the lower concentration, Zn content was found to be lower in brain tissue (p < 0.05). Using TEM/EDX we detected ZnO nanoparticles inside the cells in the lungs, kidney and liver. Inhaling ZnO NP at the higher concentration increased the levels of mRNA of the following genes in the lungs: Mt2 (2.56 fold), Slc30a1 (1.52 fold) and Slc30a5 (2.34 fold). At the lower ZnO nanoparticle concentration, only Slc30a7 mRNA levels in the lungs were up (1.74 fold). Thus the two air concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles produced distinct effects on the expression of the Zn-homeostasis related genes.. Until adverse health effects of ZnO nanoparticles deposited in organs such as lungs are further investigated and/or ruled out, the exposure to ZnO nanoparticles in aerosols should be avoided or minimised.

Topics: A549 Cells; Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine; Acinetobacter baumannii; Acute Lung Injury; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Adenine; Adenocarcinoma; Adipogenesis; Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Ophthalmic; Adolescent; Adsorption; Adult; Aeromonas hydrophila; Aerosols; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Agriculture; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Airway Remodeling; Alanine Transaminase; Albuminuria; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; Algorithms; AlkB Homolog 2, Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase; Alzheimer Disease; Amino Acid Sequence; Ammonia; Ammonium Compounds; Anaerobiosis; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antifungal Agents; Antigens, Bacterial; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Antioxidants; Antitubercular Agents; Antiviral Agents; Apolipoproteins E; Apoptosis; Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Arsenic; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Asthma; Atherosclerosis; ATP-Dependent Proteases; Attitude of Health Personnel; Australia; Austria; Autophagy; Axitinib; Bacteria; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bariatric Surgery; Base Composition; Bayes Theorem; Benzoxazoles; Benzylamines; beta Catenin; Betacoronavirus; Betula; Binding Sites; Biological Availability; Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy; Bioreactors; Biosensing Techniques; Birth Weight; Blindness; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Blood-Brain Barrier; Blotting, Western; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Bone Resorption; Borates; Brain; Brain Infarction; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Brain Neoplasms; Breakfast; Breast Milk Expression; Breast Neoplasms; Bronchi; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Buffaloes; Cadherins; Calcification, Physiologic; Calcium Compounds; Calcium, Dietary; Cannula; Caprolactam; Carbon; Carbon Dioxide; Carboplatin; Carcinogenesis; Carcinoma, Ductal; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carps; Carrageenan; Case-Control Studies; Catalysis; Catalytic Domain; Cattle; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cell Adhesion; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cell Death; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Nucleus; Cell Phone Use; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cell Transformation, Viral; Cells, Cultured; Cellulose; Chemical Phenomena; Chemoradiotherapy; Child; Child Development; Child, Preschool; China; Chitosan; Chlorocebus aethiops; Cholecalciferol; Chromatography, Liquid; Circadian Clocks; Circadian Rhythm; Circular Dichroism; Cisplatin; Citric Acid; Clinical Competence; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Coculture Techniques; Cohort Studies; Cold Temperature; Colitis; Collagen Type I; Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain; Collagen Type XI; Color; Connective Tissue Diseases; Copper; Coronary Angiography; Coronavirus 3C Proteases; Coronavirus Infections; Cost of Illness; Counselors; COVID-19; COVID-19 Testing; Creatine Kinase; Creatinine; Cross-Over Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cryoelectron Microscopy; Cryosurgery; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cues; Cultural Competency; Cultural Diversity; Curriculum; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; Cycloparaffins; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Cytokines; Cytoplasm; Cytoprotection; Databases, Factual; Denitrification; Deoxycytidine; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; 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YAP-Signaling Proteins; Yogurt; Young Adult; Zebrafish; Zebrafish Proteins; Ziziphus

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most common cause of cardiac injury in the Western world. Cardiac injury activates innate immune mechanisms initiating an inflammatory reaction. Inflammatory cytokines and vascular cell adhesion molecules (VCAM) promote adhesive interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells, resulting in the transmigration of inflammatory cells into the site of injury. Low vitamin D levels are associated with higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and a higher risk of MI. In this paper, we examine the effects of short-term vitamin D supplementation on inflammatory cytokine levels after an acute coronary syndrome. We recruited patients arriving to the hospital with an acute MI. All patients received optimal medical therapy and underwent a coronary catheterization. Half of the patients were randomly selected and treated with a daily supplement of vitamin D (4,000 IU) for 5 days. A short course of treatment with vitamin D effectively attenuated the increase in circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines after an acute coronary event. Control group patients had increased cytokine and cellular adhesion molecules serum concentrations after 5 days, while the vitamin D-treated group had an attenuated elevation or a reduction of these parameters. There were significant differences in VCAM-1 levels, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6. There were trends toward significance in interleukin-8 levels. There were no significant differences in circulating levels of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, E-selectin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and tumor necrosis factor-α. These findings provide information on the anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D on the vascular system and suggest mechanisms that mediate some of its cardioprotective properties. There is place for further studies involving prolonged vitamin D treatment in patients suffering from ischemic heart disease.

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Adult; Aged; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiac Catheterization; Coronary Vessels; Female; Finland; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency

The role of vitamin D deficiency in fibromyalgia (FM) pathogenesis is not clearly understood. In this study, we evaluated the association of serum vitamin D status of FM patients with laboratory indices of inflammation, as well as clinical indices of FM.. Ninety-two female FM patients with a mean age of 42.4 ± 7.4 years were included in this cross-sectional study. Serum vitamin D, serum IL-6, and serum IL-8 levels were evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum vitamin D levels were categorized as deficient (<20 ng/ml), insufficient (20-30 ng/ml), and sufficient (30-100 ng/ml). The clinical severity of the disease was assessed by the fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ) and widespread pain index (WPI).. The mean serum IL-6 level was significantly higher in vitamin D-deficient patients in comparison with vitamin D-sufficient patients (P = 0.039). The mean serum IL-8 level was also significantly higher in vitamin D-deficient patients in comparison with vitamin D-sufficient patients (P < 0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between the serum IL-8 level and FIQ scores (r = 0.389, p = 0.001) and the WPI of the patients (0.401, p < 0.001). Serum IL-6 level was significantly correlated with the WPI of the patients (r = 0.295, p = 0.004), but not with FIQ scores (r = 0.134, p = 0.066). Serum vitamin D status was not associated with either FIQ scores or WPI.. In FM patients, serum vitamin D deficiency is associated with higher levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, and higher levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines are associated with greater FM impact.

Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cytokines; Female; Fibromyalgia; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Middle Aged; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency

Low vitamin D concentrations are associated with metabolic derangements, notably insulin resistance and pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction in Caucasian populations. Studies on its association with the clinical, metabolic, and immunologic characteristics in black African adult populations with new-onset diabetes are limited. This study aimed to describe the clinical, metabolic, and immunologic characteristics of a black Ugandan adult population with recently diagnosed diabetes and hypovitaminosis D.. Serum vitamin D concentrations were measured in 327 participants with recently diagnosed diabetes. Vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D insufficiency, and normal vitamin D status were defined as serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels of < 20 ng/ml, 21-29 ng/ml, and ≥ 30 ng/ml, respectively.. The median (IQR) age, glycated haemoglobin, and serum vitamin D concentration of the participants were 48 years (39-58), 11% (8-13) or 96 mmol/mol (67-115), and 24 ng/ml (18-30), respectively. Vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D insufficiency, and normal vitamin D status were noted in 105 participants (32.1%), 140 participants (42.8%), and 82 participants (25.1%), respectively. Compared with those having normal serum vitamin D levels, participants with vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency had higher circulating concentrations of interleukin (IL) 6 (29 [16-45] pg/ml, 23 [14-40] pg/ml vs 18 [14-32] pg/ml, p = 0.01), and IL-8 (24 [86-655] pg/ml, 207 [81-853] pg/ml vs 98 [67-224], p = 0.03). No statistically significant differences were noted in the markers of body adiposity, insulin resistance, and pancreatic beta-cell function between both groups.. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were highly prevalent in our study population and were associated with increased circulating concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The absence of an association between pancreatic beta-cell function, insulin resistance, and low vitamin D status may indicate that the latter does not play a significant role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in our adult Ugandan population.

Topics: Adult; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Interleukin-8; Middle Aged; Uganda; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins

Vitamin D deficiency has increased in the general population and is a public health issue. Vitamin D plays an important role in regulating the immune system, e.g., by modulating the production of inflammatory cytokines. In most countries, the recommended maximal daily dose of vitamin D

Topics: Biomarkers; Calcium; Cholecalciferol; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Male; Parathyroid Hormone; Phosphates; Saudi Arabia; Triglycerides; Tumor Necrosis Factors; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins

Vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem that not only leads to metabolic bone disease but also to many other illnesses, most of which are associated with chronic inflammation. Thus, our aim was to investigate the safety and effectiveness of a single high dose of vitamin D

Topics: Calcium; Calcium, Dietary; Cholecalciferol; Cytokines; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Parathyroid Hormone; Phosphates; Tumor Necrosis Factors; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins

The effects of different cholecalciferol supplementation regimens on serum inflammatory cytokines in healthy subjects with vitamin D deficiency are still lacking. This is a single-center, open-label, randomized, parallel group study involving healthy subjects deficient in vitamin D (baseline 25OHD < 20 ng/mL) receiving oral cholecalciferol with three different dosing regimens: Group A: 10,000 IU/day for 8 weeks followed by 1000 IU/day for 4 weeks; Group B: 50,000 IU/week for 12 weeks and Group C: 100,000 IU every other week for 12 weeks. IL-17A, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-23 and TNFα were measured at baseline and at week 4, 8, 12, and 16. 75 healthy subjects were enrolled (58.7% female), with an average age of 34.1 ± 10.2 years. No statistical differences were observed among groups at baseline for either IL-6, IL-17A, IL-23, IL-8 or IL-10 at any time point; TNFα was indetectable. Concerning the whole sample, the time trend analysis showed a statistically significant linear trend for decreasing values over the treatment period for IL-6 (p = 0.016) and IL-17A (p = 0.006), while no significant time trends were observed for the other teste cytokines. No significant differences were found in the serum concentrations of the tested cytokines between week 12 and week 16. In young healthy individuals deficient in vitamin D, cholecalciferol administration showed a decrease in the serum IL-6 and IL-17A concentrations, without marked differences using the three regimens.

Topics: Adult; Cholecalciferol; Cytokines; Dietary Supplements; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-23; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Male; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins; Young Adult

BACKGROUND Vitamin D (VD) deficiency and local inflammation of plaque are potential new risk factors and prevention goals for coronary heart disease (CHD). MATERIAL AND METHODS This study included 135 CHD patients and 45 chest tightness or chest pain patients (control group). Basic clinical data and serum 25-OH-VD, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β of the 2 groups were compared by SPSS 25.0. A CHD rat model was used to explore the potential molecular mechanisms. RESULTS The serum 25-OH-VD level in the control group was significantly higher compared to the CHD group, and decreased with the worsening of the CHD condition. Logistic regression found that serum 25-OH-VD was a protective factor in the occurrence of CHD. In CHD patients, the level of serum 25-OH-VD had a negative correlation with serum TNF-α (r=-0.651, P<0.001), IL-6 (r=-0.457, P<0.001), IL-8 (r=-0.755, P<0.001), and IL-1β (r=-0.628, P<0.001). In animal experiments, VD deficiency enhanced the level of serum TC, TG, and LDL-C. VD deficiency could increase the inflammatory response by upregulating the expression of p65 protein and reducing SIRT1 protein expression in heart tissue, thereby inducing or aggravating the state of CHD. CONCLUSIONS Serum 25-OH-VD was a protective factor in the occurrence of CHD, and VD deficiency could induce or aggravate the state of CHD by enhancing inflammation through the NF-κB pathway.

Topics: Aged; Animals; China; Coronary Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; NF-kappa B; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Risk Factors; Sirtuin 1; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency

Several studies explored the association between vitamin D status and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with contradictory results. We aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D status, inflammatory cytokines and liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients. Two hundred nineteen nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients and 166 age- and gender- matched healthy controls were recruited for this study. Serum 25(OH)D was measured by radioimmunoassay. Serum interleukin-8 and transforming growth factor-β1 were measured using ELISA. Serum 25(OH)D was only marginally decreased in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients. Interestingly, serum 25(OH)D was markedly reduced in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients with advanced liver fibrosis compared to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients with indeterminate liver fibrosis and no advanced fibrosis. Logistic regression analysis showed that there was an inverse association between serum 25(OH)D and severity of liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients. Further analysis showed that serum interleukin-8 was elevated in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients, the highest interleukin-8 in patients with advanced fibrosis. An inverse correlation between serum 25(OH)D and interleukin-8 was observed in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients with and without liver fibrosis. Although serum transforming growth factor-β1 was slightly elevated in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients, serum transforming growth factor-β1 was reduced in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients with advanced fibrosis. Unexpectedly, a positive correlation between serum 25(OH)D and transforming growth factor-β1 was observed in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients with advanced fibrosis. In conclusion, low vitamin D status is associated with advanced liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients. Interleukin-8 may be an important mediator for hepatic fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients with low vitamin D status.

Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Interleukin-8; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Middle Aged; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency

Vitamin D exerts anti-inflammatory actions both in vitro and in murine models of colitis. In previous studies, we demonstrated that vitamin D protects against the development of colitis by maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier.. We sought to evaluate whether deficient serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations are associated with increased mucosal inflammation, a loss of epithelial junctional proteins, and an increase in mucosal inflammatory cytokines in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).. We prospectively enrolled 230 subjects with UC. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were compared with the Mayo endoscopic score, the total Mayo score, and histologic activity. Colonic mucosal expression concentrations of vitamin D receptor (VDR), E-cadherin, zonula occluden 1 (ZO-1), occludin, claudin-2, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 8 (IL-8) were compared between dichotomous groups with low or high serum 25(OH)D concentrations.. The mean serum 25(OH)D concentration was 21.8 ng/mL. Subjects stratified by concentrations included 12.6% ≥30 ng/mL, 45.6% ≥20 to <30 ng/mL, 37.4% ≥10 to <20 ng/mL, and 4.4% <10 ng/mL. There was an inverse association between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and mucosal inflammation as assessed by the Mayo endoscopy score (P = 0.01), disease activity as indicated by the total Mayo score (P = 0.001), and histologic activity (P = 0.02). A serum 25(OH)D concentration <20 ng/mL was associated with decreased mucosal transcript and protein expression concentrations of VDR, E-cadherin, and occludin as well as decreased protein expression of ZO-1, whereas TNF-α and IL-8 mucosal transcript expression concentrations were increased.. In UC patients, serum 25(OH)D concentration is inversely correlated with mucosal inflammation and disease activity. These results, coupled with the findings that serum 25(OH)D concentrations correlate with the mucosal expression of VDR as well as epithelial junction proteins and inversely with proinflammatory cytokines, suggest that vitamin D deficiency may contribute to UC inflammation by disrupting epithelial barrier function.

Topics: Adult; Antigens, CD; Cadherins; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colon; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-8; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Middle Aged; Occludin; Receptors, Calcitriol; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Zonula Occludens-1 Protein

Vitamin D insufficiency is a worldwide epidemic affecting billions of individuals, including pregnant women and children. Despite its high incidence, the impact of active vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)D3) on embryonic development beyond osteo-regulation remains largely undefined. Here, we demonstrate that 1,25(OH)D3 availability modulates zebrafish hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) production. Loss of Cyp27b1-mediated biosynthesis or vitamin D receptor (VDR) function by gene knockdown resulted in significantly reduced runx1 expression and Flk1

Topics: Animals; Biological Availability; Calcium Signaling; Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Embryonic Development; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Hematopoiesis; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Humans; Interleukin-8; Pregnancy; Receptors, Calcitriol; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Zebrafish; Zebrafish Proteins

There are several circulatory biomarkers that are involved in forecasting the clinical outcome of cutaneous melanoma. Serum/plasma vitamin D status is one of the markers intensively studied in this type of cutaneous cancer. The combination of validated serum biomarkers (like LDH) with new biomarkers such as IL-8, angiogenic factor, and vitamin D is still at the dawn of research. Hence, we are aiming to establish the predictive power of inflammatory biomarkers, such as IL-8, and metabolic ones, such as vitamin D. These candidate biomarkers are intended to aid classical biomarkers, such as LDH, in the prognosis of cutaneous melanoma.. Serum vitamin D and IL-8 were quantified in melanoma patients and in matching healthy controls.. Median serum vitamin D concentrations were significantly lower (p = 0.003) in melanoma patients as compared to healthy control subjects, while around 65% of the investigated patients have proven a severe circulatory deficiency of this vitamin. IL-8 was found increased (p = 0.001) in melanoma patients as compared to controls.. Upregulation of proangiogenic factors associated with vitamin D deficiency can prove to be potent future biomarkers candidates, enhancing the predictive power of classical LDH.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Calcifediol; Cohort Studies; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-8; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Melanoma; Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant; Middle Aged; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Prognosis; Skin Neoplasms; Up-Regulation; Vitamin D Deficiency; Young Adult

We aimed to investigate the impact of maternal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy on insulin resistance in male offspring and examine its mechanism.. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained on a vitamin-D-free diet with ultraviolet-free light during pregnancy (early-VDD group). Insulin resistance in the male offspring was assessed by HOMA-IR, OGTT and euglycaemic clamp. NEFA, oxidative stress and inflammation levels were estimated as risk factors for insulin resistance. DNA methylation was examined by bisulfate sequencing PCR analysis. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to validate the effect of DNA methylation.. The offspring in the early-VDD group had significantly higher fasting insulin and HOMA-IR levels, markedly reduced glucose tolerance and significantly lower tissue sensitivity to exogenous insulin at 16 weeks (all p < 0.05) compared with control offspring. Significantly higher serum and liver IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α concentrations were observed in the offspring of the early-VDD group at 0, 3, 8 and 16 weeks. Expression of hepatic Iκbα (also known as Nfkbia) mRNA and nuclear factor κB inhibitor α (IκBα) protein was persistently lower in the early-VDD offspring at all time points, and their hepatic Iκbα methylation levels at the cytosine phosphate guanine site +331 were significantly higher at 0 and 16 weeks (all p < 0.01). Methylation at Iκbα first exon +331 markedly decreased the luciferase activity (p < 0.05).. Maternal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy results in insulin resistance in the offspring, which is associated with persistently increased inflammation. Persistently decreased Iκbα expression, potentially caused by changes in Iκbα methylation, plays an important role in persistent inflammation.

Topics: Animals; Female; I-kappa B Proteins; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Methylation; NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vitamin D Deficiency

In vitro, monocyte 1alpha-hydroxylase converts 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D to regulate local innate immune responses, but whether 25(OH)D repletion affects vitamin D-responsive monocyte pathways in vivo is unknown. Here, we identified seven patients who had 25(OH)D insufficiency and were undergoing long-term hemodialysis and assessed changes after cholecalciferol and paricalcitol therapies in both vitamin D-responsive proteins in circulating monocytes and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines. Cholecalciferol therapy increased serum 25(OH)D levels four-fold, monocyte vitamin D receptor expression three-fold, and 24-hydroxylase expression; therapy decreased monocyte 1alpha-hydroxylase levels. The CD16(+) "inflammatory" monocyte subset responded to 25(OH)D repletion the most, demonstrating the greatest increase in vitamin D receptor expression after cholecalciferol. Cholecalciferol therapy reduced circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-8, IL-6, and TNF. These data suggest that nutritional vitamin D therapy has a biologic effect on circulating monocytes and associated inflammatory markers in patients with ESRD.

Topics: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Calcitriol; Cathelicidins; Cholecalciferol; Cytokines; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Monocytes; Prospective Studies; Receptors, Calcitriol; Renal Dialysis; Steroid Hydroxylases; Toll-Like Receptor 2; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase

The association between vitamin D deficiency and asthma epidemic has been recognized. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and chemokines play important roles in pathogenesis of asthma. However, whether vitamin D has immunoregulatory function on TNF-alpha and chemokines expression in human monocytes is still unknown. The human monocytic cell line, THP-1 cells and human primary monocytes were pretreated with various concentration of 1alpha,25-(OH)(2)D(3) for 2 h before stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Supernatants were collected 24 or 48 h after LPS stimulation. The levels of TNF-alpha, interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10)/CXCL10 (the Th1-related chemokine), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC)/ CCL22 (the Th2-related chemokine), and interleukin 8 (IL-8)/CXCL8 (the neutrophil chemoattractant) were measured by ELISA. 1alpha,25-(OH)(2)D(3) could significantly suppress TNF-alpha and IP-10 expression in LPS-stimulated THP-1 and human primary monocytes. However, 1alpha,25-(OH)(2)D(3), especially in higher concentration, could significantly enhance MDC expression. 1alpha,25-(OH)(2)D(3) had no significant effects on IL-8 expression. We found 1alpha,25-(OH)(2)D(3) could significantly suppress TNF-alpha and Th1-related chemokine IP-10, which both play important roles in pathogenesis of severe refractory asthma and autoimmune diseases. However, 1alpha,25-(OH)(2)D(3) enhanced Th2-related chemokine MDC, which may result in Th2 inflammatory cell recruitment and thus adversely affect asthmatic patients. Although vitamin D has potential utility in the treatment of asthma and autoimmune diseases, excessive use of vitamin D may not be suitable in patients with Th2 allergic diseases.

Topics: Asthma; Autoimmune Diseases; Calcitriol; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Chemokine CCL22; Chemokine CXCL10; Chemokines; Cholecalciferol; Down-Regulation; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Interleukin-8; Lipopolysaccharides; Monocytes; Osmolar Concentration; Time Factors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Up-Regulation; Vitamin D Deficiency