interleukin-8 and Uterine-Diseases

The transition from late gestation to early lactation is characterized by substantial metabolic stress and altered immune function. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of supplementing a yeast product derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on immunity and uterine inflammation in transition cows. Forty multiparous Holstein cows were blocked by expected parturition date and randomly assigned within block to 1 of 4 treatments (n=10) from 21d before expected parturition to 42d postpartum. Rations were top-dressed with a product containing yeast culture plus enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast (YC-EHY; Celmanax, Vi-COR, Mason City, IA) at the rate of 0, 30, 60, or 90g/d throughout the experiment. Cows were injected subcutaneously with ovalbumin on d -21, -7, and 14 to assess their humoral response. Data were analyzed using mixed models with repeated measures over time. Concentrations of colostrum IgG were unaffected by treatments. A treatment × week interaction was observed for somatic cell linear score, reflecting a tendency for a quadratic dose effect on wk 1 (2.34, 2.85, 1.47, and 4.06±0.59 for 0, 30, 60, and 90g/d, respectively) and a quadratic dose effect on wk 5 (1.36, -0.15, -1.07, and 0.35±0.64 for 0, 30, 60, and 90g/d, respectively). Platelet count was increased by YC-EHY. Increasing YC-EHY dose linearly increased plasma anti-ovalbumin IgG levels following 3 ovalbumin challenges, suggesting that treatments enhanced humoral immunity. Increasing YC-EHY dose also quadratically increased fecal IgA concentrations in early lactation, suggesting that 30 and 60g/d doses enhanced mucosal immunity. Uterine neutrophil populations were much greater in samples collected on d 7 compared with those on d 42 (32.1 vs. 7.6±3.5% of cells), reflecting neutrophil infiltration immediately after calving, but no treatment effect was detected. Significant day effects were detected for mRNA of IL-6, IL-8, neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO), and neutrophil elastase (ELANE) in the uterine samples, reflecting greater abundance of these transcripts collected on d 7 compared with d 42. A quadratic dose effect was detected for IL-6, indicating that 30 and 60g/d doses decreased uterine IL-6 mRNA. The mRNA abundance of MPO and ELANE was increased linearly by YC-EHY. Supplementation with YC-EHY enhanced measures of humoral and mucosal immunity and modulated uterine inflammatory signals and mammary gland health in transition dairy cows.

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Colostrum; Female; Haptoglobins; Immunity, Humoral; Immunity, Mucosal; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Lactation; Milk; Neutrophils; Ovalbumin; Parity; Peroxidase; Postpartum Period; RNA, Messenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Uterine Diseases; Uterus; Yeast, Dried

Efficacy and safety of panipenem/betamipron (PAPM/BP) in treatment of obstetric and gynecological infections, and change of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels in blood, as markers of infection, were investigated. The results were as follows; 1) Clinical efficacy of PAPM/BP by drip infusion of 1-2 g/day for 3-14 days against 52 patients with intrauterine infection (n = 29), pelveoperitonitis (n = 19), and other infections were 14 "Excellent" in 14 cases, "Good" in 35 cases, and efficacy rate was 94.2% (49/52). Both efficacy rate analy by causative organisms and eradication rate were 35/37 (94.6%). No subjective or objective side effects and no abnormal labolatory findings were observed. 2) Changes of IL-6 (> 4 pg/ml) levels in serum, as an infection marker, were observed in 8 cases out of 14 cases (57.1%), and correlation between CRP and IL-6 in the treatment process was noticed. However, changes of serum IL-8 (> 12.5 pg/ml) were observed in only 2 cases of those 14 cases (14.3%), indicative that IL-8 has no significance as a marker of infection.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacterial Infections; beta-Alanine; Biomarkers; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Middle Aged; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Peritonitis; Thienamycins; Uterine Diseases

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between selected minerals' serum levels, energy metabolites, oxidative stress indicators, IL-8 and haptoglobin levels, and the potential for uterine diseases. Additionally, we investigated the effect of injectable trace mineral supplementation (ITMS) on metabolism, immune function, and animal health under field conditions involving a dairy herd with high milk production. The study was conducted in 1 dairy farm located near Ithaca, New York, with 270 multiparous cows were enrolled from October 3, 2012 until January 10, 2013. Cows were randomly allocated into 1 of 2 treatments groups: ITMS or control. Cows randomly assigned to the ITMS group received 2 injections of trace minerals at 230 and 260 d of gestation; each injection contained 300 mg of Zn, 50mg of Mn, 25mg of Se, and 75 mg of Cu. Retained placenta (RP) and metritis were diagnosed and treated by trained farm personnel. Clinical endometritis evaluation was performed by the investigators. Blood mineral levels, plasma nonesterified fatty acids and serum β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations, plasma IL-8 concentrations, serum haptoglobin concentration, and serum superoxidase dismutase and plasma glutathione peroxidase activities were measured at various time points before and after calving. Four groups of mixed general linear models were fitted to the data using MIXED procedure of SAS. Injectable trace mineral-supplemented cows had increased serum concentration of Cu, Se, and Zn. Conversely, ITMS did not affect energy metabolites or immune and oxidative stress parameters. Serum concentration of Ca, Cu, K, Mg, Mo, Ps, Pt, Se, and Zn varied according to days relative to parturition. Cows with RP had reduced serum concentrations of Ca, Mg, Mo, and Zn when compared with cows without RP. Cows affected with metritis had significantly lower serum concentrations of Ca, Mo, soluble P, total P, Se, and Zn than nonaffected cows. Serum concentration of Ca, Cu, Mo, and Zn were reduced in cows diagnosed with endometritis in comparison to nonaffected ones.

Topics: Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Dairying; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Energy Metabolism; Female; Haptoglobins; Immunity, Innate; Interleukin-8; New York; Oxidative Stress; Random Allocation; Trace Elements; Uterine Diseases

Whereas neutrophils are the main phagocytic leukocytes, monocytes and macrophages are actively involved in immunomodulation after infection. Recent studies have demonstrated that neutrophil function is impaired by the state of negative energy balance around parturition, and that cows that develop uterine disease have a greater degree of negative energy balance than healthy cows. The objectives of this study were to compare monocyte gene expression and protein secretion of selected cytokines from calving to 42 d after calving in Holstein cows that did or did not develop uterine disease. Real time quantitative RT-PCR (Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) and ELISA (TNFα, IL-1β and IL-8) were used to evaluate cytokine response following in vitro stimulation of blood-derived monocytes with irradiated E. coli. Relative to unstimulated cells, E. coli-stimulated monocytes from cows with metritis had lower gene expression of key pro-inflammatory cytokines than healthy cows from calving to 14 d after calving (TNFα at 0, 7, and 14 d after calving, IL-1β and IL-6 at 7 and 14 d after calving; P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between groups for expression of IL-8 or the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. This was due, in part, to higher gene expression in unstimulated monocytes (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10) in early lactation from cows with metritis. Expression of mRNA in stimulated cells (relative to housekeeping genes) was lower for TNFα (7 and 14 d postpartum) and for IL-10 (7 and 14 d postpartum) in cows with metritis. Concentration of TNFα was lower in the culture medium of E. coli-stimulated monocytes from cows with metritis than healthy cows at calving and 7 and 21 d after calving (P < 0.05). Circulating cytokine concentrations were not different between groups for IL-8 and were below the limits of detection for TNFα and IL-1β. Cytokine gene expression and production were similar between healthy cows and cows that developed endometritis, diagnosed cytologically at 42 d after calving. We concluded that altered levels of expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines postpartum could contribute to impaired inflammatory response and predispose cows to development of metritis.

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cohort Studies; Cytokines; Escherichia coli; Female; Gene Expression; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Lactation; Monocytes; Prospective Studies; Puerperal Disorders; RNA, Messenger; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Uterine Diseases

To evaluate serum level of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 as a biochemical marker of local infections in patients with clinical symptoms of preterm deliveries.. We studied 74 pregnant women at 24-36 gestational weeks (GW) with preterm delivery. Serum interleukin-8 was measured.. The mean value of interleukin-8 in the study group (n=36) was 19.13 pg/mL vs. 5.02 pg/mL in the controls (n=38).. The results indicate that serum level of interleukin-8 might be used as non-invasive marker of infections in pregnancy, as well as a marker of preterm deliveries.

Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Inflammation Mediators; Interleukin-8; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Uterine Diseases; Young Adult

Intrauterine bacterial infections are a well-established cause of pregnancy complications. One key observation in a number of abnormal pregnancies is that placental apoptosis is significantly elevated. First trimester trophoblast cells are known to express TLR1 and TLR2 and to undergo apoptosis following exposure to Gram-positive bacterial peptidoglycan (PDG). Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine whether PDG-induced pregnancy complications are associated with placental apoptosis and to characterize the cellular mechanisms involved. We have demonstrated, using an animal model, that delivery of PDG to pregnant mice early in gestation resulted in highly elevated placental apoptosis, evidenced by trophoblast M-30 and active caspase 3 immunostaining. Using an in vitro model of human first trimester trophoblasts, apoptosis induced by PDG was found to be mediated by both TLR1 and TLR2 and that this could be blocked by the presence of TLR6. Furthermore, in the presence of TLR6, exposure to PDG resulted in trophoblast NF-kappaB activation and triggered these cells to secrete IL-8 and IL-6. The findings of this study suggest that a Gram-positive bacterial infection, through TLR2 and TLR1, may directly promote the elevated trophoblast cell death and that this may be the underlying mechanism of pregnancy complications, such as preterm delivery. Furthermore, the expression of TLR6 may be a key factor in determining whether the response to PDG would be apoptosis or inflammation.

Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Line, Transformed; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Mice; NF-kappa B; Peptidoglycan; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Premature Birth; Toll-Like Receptor 1; Toll-Like Receptor 2; Toll-Like Receptor 6; Trophoblasts; Uterine Diseases