interleukin-8 and Tuberculosis--Meningeal

No formal agreement exists regarding central inflammatory cytokine aberrations in tuberculosis (TB). We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing cytokine levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with TB compared with controls. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for articles published up to June 22, 2021. Studies were included in the meta-analysis if they assessed unadjusted levels of cytokines in unstimulated CSF samples and drew the comparison(s) between any of the following pairs: patients with TB versus controls without central nervous system (CNS) infection and meningitis, patients with TB versus patients with meningitis of etiologies other than

Topics: Cytokines; HIV Infections; Humans; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; Interleukin-13; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-2; Interleukin-5; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Meningitis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Meningeal; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Meningitis necessitates immediate diagnosis and therapy. It is important to distingu- ish bacterial from aseptic meningitis, as this help to avoid complications and unnece- ssary antibiotic use. This work assessed the diagnostic and prognostic role of cerebro-spinal fluid interleukin-8 (IL-8) level in adult patients with meningitis. Ninety adult patients with meningitis were studied. They were divided into 3 groups: bacterial, tuberculous and aseptic meningitis. Full clinical examination and laboratory workup of meningitis were done. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IL-8 levels were assessed. Patients were followed up till discharge or death. CSF IL-8 level was significantly higher in bacterial and tuberculous meningitis in comparison to aseptic meningitis. At cut off value 121.77 pg/ml, the area under ROC curve was 0.774 with efficacy 69% for differentiating viral from non-viral meningitis. The test efficacy is low in differentiating tuberculous from bactedal meningitis. There is no correlation of CSF IL-8 levels and disease severity or prognosis.

Topics: Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Interleukin-8; Male; Meningitis, Aseptic; Meningitis, Bacterial; Meningitis, Haemophilus; Meningitis, Meningococcal; Meningitis, Pneumococcal; Middle Aged; Neisseria meningitidis; Prognosis; ROC Curve; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Tuberculosis, Meningeal

To study the clinical and laboratory significance of D‐lactate in the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis (BM).. The levels of D‐lactate, L‐lactate, IL-6, IL-8, and other biochemical markers were determined in 83 CSF samples from different types of meningitis and the controls.. The CSF values of D‐lactate, L‐lactate, IL-6, IL-8, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and protein were higher in patients with BM than those in the controls and patients with viral meningitis. The levels of D‐lactate, L‐lactate, IL-6, and erythrocytes in the BM group were higher than those in the tuberculous meningitis group. At the cutoff 12.8 μmol/l, D‐lactate showed the diagnostic sensitivity of 94.7%. D‐lactate gave the area under the curve (AUC) 0.905, which was higher than those of other markers. Using multiple marker detection, the AUC reached 0.956, which was the highest among all the parameters. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that D‐lactate was positively correlated to IL-6 and L‐lactate (r=0.727, 0.789 and P=0.000, 0.000, respectively).. THE CSF concentrations of D‐lactate are significantly increased in the presence of BM. Measurement of D‐lactate provides a rapid diagnosis and differential diagnosis for BM. Combination of D‐lactate with other biochemical markers improves the specificity.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Biomarkers; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Lactic Acid; Male; Meningitis, Bacterial; Meningitis, Viral; Middle Aged; Sensitivity and Specificity; Stereoisomerism; Tuberculosis, Meningeal

We report a patient with microbiologically documented tuberculous meningitis showing that the therapeutic paradox, a therapy-induced switch to a neutrophil-predominant situation in the differential cell counts of cerebrospinal fluid specimens, had a correlation with an immunologic paradox, an increased Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific gamma interferon-producing T-cell response.

Topics: Adult; Cell Count; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-8; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; T-Lymphocytes; Tuberculosis, Meningeal

Children <5 years old are at increased risk of miliary/meningeal tuberculosis, but the immunologic factors that place them at risk are unknown. BCG vaccine protects against miliary/meningeal tuberculosis, but the mechanism of protection is unknown. We assessed for abnormalities in immune response associated with miliary/meningeal or pulmonary tuberculosis in young children.. We conducted a case-control study among HIV-seronegative Brazilian children who were <5 years old. Case subjects had previous culture-confirmed or clinical miliary/meningeal tuberculosis. There were 2 sets of control subjects: those with culture-confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis and purified protein derivative-positive household contacts. All of the children had completed treatment. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated (phytohemagglutinin, phytohemagglutinin + interleukin 12, lipopolysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide + interferon-gamma, and purified protein derivative), and cytokine responses (interleukin 1beta, interleukin-4, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin 10, interleukin 12, interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1) were quantified by bead-based assay. Median cytokine responses were compared by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Multivariate analysis of variance accounted for multiple comparisons.. There were 18 case subjects with miliary/meningeal tuberculosis, 28 pulmonary control subjects, and 29 purified protein derivative-positive control subjects. The median age was 4.2 years. There was no difference in case and control subjects by age, gender, race, BMI, or median CD4 count. Twelve (67%) of 18 case subjects, 26 (93%) of 28 pulmonary control subjects, and 28 (97%) of 29 purified protein derivative-positive subjects had received BCG vaccine. No cytokine defects were identified in case subjects with miliary/meningeal tuberculosis compared with either set of control subjects. Pulmonary control subjects had uniformly higher monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 levels than case subjects with miliary/meningeal tuberculosis and purified protein derivative-positive control subjects, both at rest and with lipopolysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide + interferon-gamma, and purified protein derivative stimulation. Pulmonary control subjects did not have a higher frequency of allele G in the -2518 monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 promoter polymorphism. Case subjects with miliary/meningeal tuberculosis who had received BCG vaccine (n = 12) had lower stimulated interleukin 8 production than children who did not receive BCG vaccine (n = 6).. Children with previous miliary/meningeal tuberculosis did not have a major defect in the cytokine pathways studied. Increased monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 levels were associated with pulmonary disease, occurred despite BCG vaccination, and were not associated with a polymorphism in the monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 promoter.

Topics: BCG Vaccine; Brazil; Case-Control Studies; Chemokine CCL2; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-8; Lipopolysaccharides; Lymphocyte Activation; Male; Phytohemagglutinins; T-Lymphocytes; Tuberculin; Tuberculosis, Meningeal; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

The pathogenesis of tuberculous meningitis remains unclear, and there are few data describing the kinetics of the immune response during the course of its treatment. We measured concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in serial blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 21 adults who were being treated for tuberculous meningitis. CSF concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptors and of matrix metalloprotein-9 and its tissue inhibitor were also measured, and blood-brain barrier permeability was assessed by the albumin and IgG partition indices. CSF concentrations of lactate, interleukin-8, and interferon-gamma were high before treatment and then decreased rapidly with antituberculosis chemotherapy. However, significant immune activation and blood-brain barrier dysfunction were still apparent after 60 days of treatment. Death was associated with high initial CSF concentrations of lactate, low numbers of white blood cells, in particular neutrophils, and low CSF glucose levels.

Topics: Adult; Antitubercular Agents; Blood-Brain Barrier; Cytokines; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-8; Lactates; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Prognosis; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; Tuberculosis, Meningeal; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vietnam

lnterleukin-8 (IL-8) is produced in monocytes and vascular endothelial cells in response to stimulation with bacteria or lipopolysaccharides, and is released from these cells into blood stream or tissue fluid.. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of interleukin-8 in 56 children with nonbacterial, bacterial and tuberculous meningitis (TBM), and in 15 control subjects were analyzed to evaluate the involvement of this cytokine in the pathogenesis acute bacterial meningitis and their discriminative value between different etiologies of meningitis. The kinetics of IL-8 concentrations during the course of bacterial meningitis was also evaluated in patients. IL-8 levels were significantly higher in bacterial and TBM than in aseptic meningitis and in control subjects (p < 0.0001).. There was no difference in the levels of IL-8 between the non-bacterial meningitis and control groups. The analysis of the kinetics of production of IL-8 in patients with bacterial meningitis showed that the SSF concentrations of this cytokine decreased to undetectable values in recovery stage. Conversely in patients with TBM the concentrations of IL-8 were elevated in two weeks after beginning the specific treatment.. The results suggest that determining IL-8 levels may be useful in the differential diagnosis.

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Interleukin-8; Meningitis, Aseptic; Meningitis, Bacterial; Tuberculosis, Meningeal

The concentrations of the chemokines IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) were measured in 120 CSF samples from 23 patients with pyogenic meningitis and from 11 patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and in 10 CSF from subjects with non-infectious neurological diseases. The chemokine concentrations in patients with meningitis were significantly higher than in control subjects (P<0.0001). The highest CSF levels were found for IL-8 (median 2917 pg/ml) and MCP-1 (median 2557 pg/ml), whereas those of MIP-1alpha were less significantly elevated (median 24 pg/ml) (P<0.0001). Patients with pyogenic meningitis had higher levels of IL-8 and MCP-1 than those with TBM (P<0.0001). In serial samples from patients with pyogenic meningitis IL-8 levels declined before MCP-1 and MIP-alpha. In the case of TBM, IL-8, MCP-1 and MIP-1alpha decreased more gradually during treatment and were detectable in the CSF for several weeks, without any characteristic time course of elimination. These data indicate that patients with pyogenic meningitis and TBM show different chemokine profiles in CSF. The distinct chemokine pattern could be responsible for a differential attraction and activation of leucocytes in the CSF which is reflected in differences in the inflammatory response and clinical course of pyogenic meningitis and TBM.

Topics: Adult; Chemokine CCL2; Chemokine CCL3; Chemokine CCL4; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Interleukin-8; Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; Meningitis, Bacterial; Middle Aged; Tuberculosis, Meningeal

The contents of NO, TNF-alpha and IL-8 in the cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) of patients with tuberculous and cryptococcic meningitis were detected. The results showed that the concentration of NO2-/NO3- and the levels of TNF-alpha and IL-8 in CSF of the two kinds of meningitis were higher than those of normal CSF, and the concentration of NO2-/NO3- correlated positively to the content of TNF-alpha. The results indicate that the over production of NO, TNF-alpha and IL-8 in CSF may involve in the tissue inflammation and damage of central nerve system infection.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Humans; Interleukin-8; Meningitis, Cryptococcal; Middle Aged; Nitric Oxide; Tuberculosis, Meningeal; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Interleukin-8; Male; Meningitis, Bacterial; Suppuration; Tuberculosis, Meningeal