interleukin-8 and Tonsillitis

Tonsillectomy (TE) and tonsillotomy (TO) due to recurrent episodes of acute tonsillitis (RAT) belong to the most frequent surgical procedures. However, an adequate objective marker predicting the outcome of TE/TO preoperatively is missing.. Patients with RAT who underwent TE/TO (n = 31) were included in this pilot study. A panel of cytokines and chemokines in serum and saliva were determined preoperatively. Health-related quality of life was assessed pre- and postoperatively by the Tonsillectomy Outcome Inventory-14.. Health-related quality of life improved significantly after surgery. Increased serum levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) are associated with a less successful outcome. No correlation between the number of acute tonsillitis episodes and the health-related quality of life after TE or TO could be observed.. Tonsillectomy and TO improve health-related quality of life independently from the number of past acute tonsillitis episodes. Interleukin-8 and IFN-γ in serum may serve as promising markers, predicting the benefit of TE or TO for patients preoperatively.

Topics: Biomarkers; Chemokines; Cytokines; Humans; Interferon gamma Receptor; Interleukin-8; Pilot Projects; Preoperative Period; Quality of Life; Receptors, Interferon; Recurrence; Tonsillectomy; Tonsillitis; Treatment Outcome

Defensins and chemokines are an essential part of the immune response mechanisms in the head and neck mucosa. This work investigates their correlation and their expression pattern in tonsillar disease. Forty-four tonsil tissue samples were obtained from patients who underwent tonsillectomy between 1998 and 1999 for chronic tonsillitis with (n =9) and without (n =25) inflammatory infiltrates and hyperplasia of the tonsil (n =10). Defensin (hBD-1, hBD-2, HNP-1 and HNP-4) and chemokine (RANTES, eotaxin, eotaxin-2, MCP-3, MCP-4 and IL-8) mRNA expressions were analyzed by SQRT-PCR. HNP-4 and eotaxin-2 expressions were positively correlated (P <0.05) in the acute tonsillitis group. HBD-2 and MCP-3 expressions were positively correlated in the hyperplastic tonsils group. Within all groups together, HNP-4 and RANTES expressions were highly positively correlated (P <0.01), and HNP-1 and hBD-2 were positively correlated with IL-8 expressions. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated eotaxin-1 as well as IL-8 production to be predominantly located within the lymphoid follicles and submucosa. RANTES production was shown in the epithelial lining and perivascular tissue. The expression of hBD-1 and hBD-2 was limited to the epithelial lining. Our data support an association between the innate and acquired immune systems on the defensin-chemokine level. The finding of positively correlated hBD-2 and IL-8 expression is biologically relevant because of the proximity of hBD-2 (epithelium) and IL-8 (submucosa) release, as well as the synergistic support of the Th1 system. In addition, our data suggest RANTES as a first-line mediator of perivascular leukocyte recruitment.

Topics: alpha-Defensins; Chemokine CCL11; Chemokine CCL5; Chemokines; Chemokines, CC; Chronic Disease; Defensins; Humans; Hypertrophy; Immunohistochemistry; Interleukin-8; Palatine Tonsil; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Tonsillitis

CXC chemokines are thought to play an important role at sites of inflammation. Because ELR(+) CXC chemokines are expressed in different types of tonsillitis we investigated the role of the surface/crypt epithelium of human tonsils in producing ELR(+) CXC chemokines: interleukin (IL)-8 (CXCL8), ENA-78 (CXCL5), GRO-alpha (CXCL1) and GCP-2 (CXCL6). Tonsillar tissue was obtained from patients undergoing tonsillectomy and chemokine expression was investigated by means of immunohistochemistry. A549 cells were used as a model to study kinetics of chemokine expression in epithelial cells. Cells were stimulated with tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and supernatants derived from aerobic/anaerobic Staphylococcus aureus strains. Chemokine expression was measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We observed epithelial expression of IL-8, GRO-alpha and GCP-2 in different types of tonsillitis, whereas ENA-78 was rarely expressed. In A549 cells abundant expression of ENA-78 was detected. IL-8 and GCP-2 are expressed in an acute type of tonsillitis whereas GRO-alpha was frequently detectable both in chronically and acutely inflamed tonsils. ENA-78 does not seem to play a pivotal role in tonsillitis in vivo.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cells, Cultured; Chemokine CXCL1; Chemokine CXCL6; Chemokines; Chemokines, CXC; Child; Culture Media, Conditioned; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Interleukin-8; Lipopolysaccharides; Neutrophils; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Staphylococcus aureus; Tonsillitis; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Our study hypothesized that cytokines or chemokines induced in tonsils by infectious stimulations play an important role on the exacerbation of the glomerular injuries in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Tonsils from six patients with IgAN diagnosed by renal biopsy were studied after getting their written informed consents Tonsils from six patients with tonsil disorders with non-renal disorders were examined as controls. Tonsillar mononuclear cells (TMCs) were isolated and resuspended with RPMI 1640 with 10% FCS. These cells were incubated for 48 h with staphlococcus enterotoxin-B (SEB) or lipopolysaccaride (LPS). The levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 and MCP-1 in the supernatants were measured by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The actual cytokine concentrations were calculated by determining the standard curves. The experiments were performed in duplicate, and the mean value was calculated. We found that tonsillar mononuclear cells of IgA nephropathy produced mesangial proliferative chemokines (MCP-1, IL-8) in higher amounts compared to tonsils from non-IgA nephropathy. This result suggests that upper respiratory tract infections such as tonsillitis may be one of the risk factors of the aggravation in patients with IgA nephropathy.

Topics: Cells, Cultured; Cytokines; Glomerulonephritis, IGA; Humans; Interleukin-12; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Palatine Tonsil; Tonsillitis

We report a rare case of a cute lymphoblasticleukemia (ALL) who developed dyspnea, neurological disturbance with illusions, pancytopenia, phagocytosis and coagulation disturbances following bacterial tonsillitis. The values of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), IL-6 and IL-8 were also elevated. Her clinicolaboratory findings were similar to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), which is a cytokine disease induced by activated T cells and macrophages. Atypical HLH following bacterial tonsillitis should be kept in mind in leukemia patients.

Topics: Antigens, CD; Antineoplastic Agents; Blood Coagulation; Child; Dyspnea; Female; Histiocytosis, Non-Langerhans-Cell; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Pancytopenia; Phagocytosis; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Receptors, Interleukin-2; Streptococcal Infections; Tonsillitis

Focal infections such as chronic tonsillitis or dental caries occasionally play a role in the induction or exacerbation of palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP). Arthro-osteitis is sometimes a complication in severe cases of PPP. To study the effects of bacterial infection on the exacerbation of cutaneous lesions and arthralgia, we investigated the T-cell receptor V beta repertoire in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and tonsil tissue after tonsillectomy in 4 cases, who had chronic tonsillitis and a history of exacerbation of cutaneous lesions following a sore throat. First, serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 were measured before and after tonsillectomy by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Second, 3H-TdR incorporation was used to examine the effects of the culture supernatant on the PBMC of the autologous patients, other PPP patients without tonsillitis and normal controls. T-cell receptor V beta repertoire was examined by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction method. Results showed that IL-8 was significantly high in the serum and abundantly released from tonsillar lymphocytes, which may play a role in the accumulation of neutrophils in lesional skin. T-cell receptors V beta 6 and 12 were preferentially expressed on tonsillar lymphocytes, and V beta 4, 7, 9, 17 and 18 were detected relatively frequently. These data suggest that restricted usage of T-cell receptor V beta subsets may play a crucial role in the induction of tonsillitis associated with PPP.

Topics: Adult; Culture Media, Conditioned; Female; Gene Expression; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Lymphocyte Activation; Male; Middle Aged; Mitogens; Palatine Tonsil; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Psoriasis; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta; RNA; Staphylococcus aureus; Superantigens; T-Lymphocytes; Time Factors; Tonsillectomy; Tonsillitis