interleukin-8 and Syndrome

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic disease affecting the large intestine. Cytokines, as inflammatory mediators, can enable pathological injury of the intestinal mucosa and play an important role in UC's pathogenesis. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) offers a wealth of theory and experience in UC's treatment.. The literature review and meta-analysis intended to examine TCM's effects in the treatment of UC patients who have the dampness-heat syndrome on the serum cytokines known to be related to UC's pathogenesis.. The research team conducted a comprehensive literature search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in seven databases. The search covered all publicly published documents from the establishment of a database until August 31, 2021. The team also performed a meta-analysis of the RCTs' results to compare the levels of cytokines in the intervention and control groups.. The study took place at Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Shanghai, China.. For the meta-analysis, the research team created two intervention groups, the oral TCM only group and the TCM+ Western Medicine (WM) group and a control group, the WM group. The team determined which RCT's measured a particular cytokine and which groups those RCTs compared, the team examined the differences between the groups postintervention.. The primary outcome measures were the RCTs' levels of 13 serum cytokines-interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-17, IL-23, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IL-21, IL-1, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13. The team used the random effects model to combine the results for the serum markers as standardized mean differences (SMDs) and compared the two intervention groups to the control group.. The research team identified 22 studies that included 1957 participants. The team found that six proinflammatory cytokines were significantly lower in the combined TCM only and TCM+WM intervention groups than in the WM control group: (1) IL-6-SMD -2.60, 95%CI -3.37 to -1.83, P < .00001; (2) IL-8-SMD -2.49, 95%CI -3.34 to -1.64, P < .00001; (3) TNF-α-SMD -1.70, 95%CI -2.07 to -1.33, P < .00001; (4) IL-17 (TCM+WM group only)-SMD-2.99, 95%CI -4.66 to -1.31, P = .0005; (5) IL-23 (TCM+WM group only)-SMD -2.43, 95% CI -2.78 to -2.08, P < .00001; and (6) IFN-γ-SMD -1.47, 95% CI -1.81 to -1.12, P < .00001. The team found that two anti-inflammatory cytokines were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group: (1) IL-4-SMD 1.45, 95% CI 0.92-1.99, P < .00001, and (2) IL-10-SMD 1.33, 95% CI 0.97-1.69, P < .00001. For the results that the team couldn't combine, the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-21 were significantly lower in the combined intervention groups than in the control group (P < .05), and the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-13 in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < .05). The comprehensive analysis showed that oral TCM or a combination of TCM and WM could more significantly reduce the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-17, IL-23, IFN-γ, IL-21, IL-1, IL-1β and IL-2 and increase the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13.. Oral TCM or TCM+WM can reduce the proinflammatory response and increase the anti-inflammatory response of UC patients by regulating serum cytokines and can obtain a better clinical effect than WM only. These benefits can alleviate intestinal inflammation in patients and have a positive effect on clinical efficacy. In the future, more high-quality, large-sample, and long-term follow-up randomized controlled trial are necessary to support research analysis.

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; China; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cytokines; Hot Temperature; Humans; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-13; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-2; Interleukin-23; Interleukin-4; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Syndrome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is an acute illness characterized by generalized activation of the endothelium. The most severe form of the syndrome is found in patients with shock due to gram-negative sepsis. We examined both animal and limited human data for the contribution of cytokines to this syndrome. Cytokines are endogenously produced proteins of small molecular weight and multiple biological effects. The cytokines interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), as well as interferon-gamma and interleukin 8, are discussed. Laboratory investigations suggest that these cytokines play a critical role in SIRS by promoting the biochemical and clinical characteristics of SIRS. The biochemical changes induced by TNF and IL-1 include increased synthesis of nitric oxide, prostaglandins, platelet-activating factor, and endothelial cell adhesion molecules. Specific blockade of TNF using neutralizing antibodies or soluble receptors to TNF in animal models of SIRS reduces mortality and severity of disease. Similar results have been observed blocking IL-1 using soluble IL-1 receptors or IL-1 receptor antagonists. Preliminary clinical studies suggest that blockade may be useful in treating human SIRS. The various strategies for blocking IL-1 and TNF are presented; in addition, their mechanism(s) of action and safety in humans are discussed. We conclude that based on animal studies and preliminary clinical trials, strategies to block IL-1 or TNF may benefit patients with the syndrome, although thorough clinical trials have not been completed.

Topics: Animals; Cytokines; Humans; Immunotherapy; Inflammation; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-8; Receptors, Interleukin-1; Sepsis; Sialoglycoproteins; Syndrome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of warming needle therapy on eosinophils, specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), inflammatory factors, and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with lung qi deficiency and cold-type allergic rhinitis (AR).. A total of 155 patients with lung qi deficiency and cold-type AR from May 2021 to December 2022 were randomly divided into a study group of 76 cases and a control group of 79 cases. The control group received medication (chlorpheniramine and fluticasone), and the study group received medication combined with warming needle therapy. The efficacy, TCM syndrome score, eosinophils, IgE, inflammatory factors (interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)), T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+), and rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ) scores were evaluated after 2 weeks of treatment.. The total effective rate in the study group was 92.11%, which was higher than that in the control group (77.22%) (P < .05). The TCM syndrome scores of the study group were lower than those of the control group after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment (P < .05). The positive rate of eosinophils in the study group was lower than that in the control group after 1 week (47.37% vs. 64.56%, P < .05) and after 2 weeks (21.05% vs. 37.97%, P < .05) of treatment. The serum levels of specific IgE, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in the study group were lower than those in the control group after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment (P < .05). The peripheral blood levels of CD3+ and CD4+ were higher and the peripheral blood level of CD8+ was lower in the study group than in the control group after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment (P < .05). The RQLQ scores of the study group were lower than those of the control group after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment (P < .05).. Warming needle therapy can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of patients with lung qi deficiency and cold-type AR, reduce inflammation, and enhance immune function.

Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Lung; Qi; Quality of Life; Rhinitis, Allergic; Syndrome; T-Lymphocyte Subsets; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) are important mediators of an inflammatory response. We measured creatinine-collected urinary levels of IL-6 and IL-8 by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 21 women with urethritis syndrome as well as 20 age-matched healthy women. Urine samples were collected before treatment and after 7 or 14 days of oral administration of sparfloxacin (100 mg once daily). Urinary IL-6 level was elevated in a patient with urethritis syndrome (41.1 pg/mgCr), while urinary IL-8 levels were elevated in 8 (range 13.3 to 560 pg/mgCr). On the other hand, none of the healthy controls showed any detectable urinary level of IL-6 and IL-8. Of the 9 patients with elevated urinary IL-6 or IL-8, symptomatic improvement was obtained after chemotherapy in 8 and urinary interleukins became undetectable in 7. Urinary IL-6 and IL-8 seem to have some role in the induction of urinary symptoms.

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Female; Fluoroquinolones; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Matched-Pair Analysis; Quinolones; Syndrome; Urethritis

Differentiation syndrome (DS) is the main life-threatening adverse event that occurs in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients treated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Cytokine imbalances have been reported to play role during the developing of acute promyelocytic leukemia differentiation syndrome (APL-DS). However, the relationship between the plasma cytokine levels and their prognostic value for the prediction of DS developing in patients with APL during the treatment with ATRA and anthracyclines has not been previously reported.. In this study, we followed an APL cohort (n = 17) over 7 days of ATRA therapy in DS (n = 6) and non-DS groups (n = 11). Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70 and TNF-α were measured in the peripheral blood plasma from 17 patients with APL and 11 healthy adult controls by using the cytometric bead array method.. In non-DS patients, IL-8 plasma levels were significantly reduced in the seventh day of ATRA treatment (34.16; 6.99 to 147.11 pg mL. We demonstrated that the modulation of IL-8 following ATRA treatment may occur regardless of the development of DS and, therefore, does not appear to be a predictive biomarker to monitor the APL-DS.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cell Differentiation; Female; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Syndrome; Treatment Outcome; Tretinoin; Young Adult

This study investigated the levels of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-10, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the aqueous humor (AqH) of patients with Behçet's uveitis (BU) and Fuchs' uveitis syndrome (FUS) during an inactive period and compared these levels with those in the AqH of noninflammatory healthy control subjects.. This prospective and case-control study included 33 patients (16 patients with BU and 17 patients with FUS) and 35 control subjects. IL-8, IL-10, and VEGF levels in the AqH were quantified by performing sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the cytokine levels in the different groups, and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.. IL-8 levels were significantly higher in the AqH of patients with BU and FUS than in the AqH of control subjects (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). IL-10 levels were significantly lower in the AqH of patients with BU than in the AqH of patients with FUS and of control subjects (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Although VEGF levels were higher in the AqH of patients with FUS than in the AqH of patients with BU and of control subjects, the difference was significant only between patients with FUS and control subjects (p < 0.001).. We observed a significant decrease in IL-10 levels in the AqH of patients with BU and a significant increase in VEGF levels in the AqH of patients with FUS compared to controls. IL-8 and VEGF levels showed no significant difference among uveitis patients.

Topics: Adult; Aqueous Humor; Behcet Syndrome; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Syndrome; Uveitis; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

An increase in absolute neutrophil count (ANC) is seen after oral food challenge test (OFC) in patients with food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES). Although it has been suggested that interleukin (IL)-8 is involved in this phenomenon, a possible role for cortisol has not yet been studied.. Six positive OFC in five patients with FPIES due to cows' milk (CM) proteins, and two negative OFC in two patients with suspected FPIES were analyzed. Absolute neutrophil count, serum IL-8, and serum cortisol were measured before OFC, 6 and 24 h after the ingestion of CM formula.. For the positive OFC, ANC measured 6 h after the ingestion of CM formula was significantly higher than that measured before the OFC (median, 8,761 versus 2,297/μL; P < 0.05). Significant increases in serum cortisol and IL-8 were observed 6 h after OFC (cortisol, median 1,119 pg/mL before versus 2,141 pg/mL after, P < 0.05; IL-8, median 15.5 pg/mL before versus 165.3 pg/mL after, P < 0.05). The change ratio (i.e. ratio of that after OFC to that before OFC) of ANC was significantly correlated not only with that of serum IL-8 (r = 0.90, P < 0.01) but also with that of serum cortisol (r = 0.76, P < 0.05). Moreover, the serum cortisol change ratio was significantly higher in subjects with vomiting than in those without (median, 2.5 versus 1.0, P < 0.05).. Serum cortisol, in combination with IL-8, affects the increase in ANC after OFC.

Topics: Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Enterocolitis; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Interleukin-8; Male; Milk Hypersensitivity; Milk Proteins; Neutrophils; Syndrome

The purpose of the research was to study the lipid profile, some indices of hemostasis and cytokine status of rosacea patients with severe climacteric syndrome. Serum lipid profile was studied by means of the following parameters: total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), triglycerides (the study of lipid profile was performed by the device "INTEGRAM +400" (Company "ROSH»). Haemostatic system was evaluated in terms of prothrombin, thrombin time. Content of fibrinogen, fibrinolytic activity, and prothrombin index were determined. The concentration of free VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and IL-8 were measured by ELISA. The results of these studies suggest that the phenomenon of hyper coagulation and disorders in lipid profile of blood serum in patients with rosacea with climacteric syndrome can be considered as risk factors of cardiovascular disease. From the other side, as a powerful provocateur of increased permeability, atony and fragility of vessel walls, VEGF, IL-2, IL-8 may be directly related to the mechanism of the development of cardiovascular disease in rosacea patients.

Topics: Aged; Blood Coagulation; Cardiovascular Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Interleukin-8; Lipid Metabolism; Middle Aged; Postmenopause; Risk Factors; Rosacea; Severity of Illness Index; Syndrome; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Topics: Asthma; Comorbidity; Eosinophilia; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-8; Phenotype; Prevalence; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Rhinitis; Syndrome

We aimed to study serum cytokine levels in 11 electrical status epilepticus in sleep (ESES) patients and 20 healthy control children. Patients showed significantly higher levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, IL-10, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)2 and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)8/IL-8 than controls, while macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and CCL3 were significantly lower. Follow-up analyses in five patients revealed a significant decrease of IL-6 levels after immunomodulating treatment. IL-6 changes were accompanied by clear improvement of electroencephalography (EEG) patterns and neuropsychological evaluation. We hypothesize that IL-6 correlates with disease activity and immunomodulating treatment efficacy.

Topics: Adolescent; Case-Control Studies; Chemokine CCL2; Chemokine CCL3; Child; Child, Preschool; Cognition Disorders; Cytokines; Electroencephalography; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; Immunologic Factors; Inflammation; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-1alpha; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; Language Disorders; Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; Male; Methylprednisolone; Neuropsychological Tests; Prednisolone; Sleep Wake Disorders; Status Epilepticus; Syndrome; Treatment Outcome

Dogs with leptospirosis show similar organ manifestations and disease course as human patients, including acute kidney injury and pulmonary hemorrhage, making this naturally-occurring infection a good animal model for human leptospirosis. Expression patterns of cytokines and enzymes have been correlated with disease manifestations and clinical outcome in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to describe mRNA expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in canine leptospirosis and to compare it with other renal diseases to identify patterns characterizing the disease and especially its pulmonary form.. The mRNA abundance of cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, TGF-β) and enzymes (5-LO, iNOS) was measured prospectively in blood leukocytes from 34 dogs with severe leptospirosis and acute kidney injury, including 22 dogs with leptospirosis-associated pulmonary hemorrhages. Dogs with leptospirosis were compared to 14 dogs with acute kidney injury of other origin than leptospirosis, 8 dogs with chronic kidney disease, and 10 healthy control dogs. Canine leptospirosis was characterized by high 5-LO and low TNF-α expression compared to other causes of acute kidney injury, although the decreased TNF-α expression was also seen in chronic kidney disease. Leptospirosis-associated pulmonary hemorrhage was not characterized by a specific pattern, with only mild changes noted, including increased IL-10 and decreased 5-LO expression on some days in affected dogs. Fatal outcome from pulmonary hemorrhages was associated with low TNF-α, high IL-1β, and high iNOS expression, a pattern possibly expressed also in dogs with other forms of acute kidney injury.. The patterns of cytokine and enzyme expression observed in the present study indicate a complex pro- and anti-inflammatory response to the infection with leptospires. The recognition of these signatures may be of diagnostic and prognostic relevance for affected individuals and they may indicate options for newer therapies targeting the identified pathways.

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Animals; Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Dogs; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Hemorrhage; Humans; Interleukin-1alpha; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-8; Leptospirosis; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Lung Injury; Male; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; RNA, Messenger; Severity of Illness Index; Signal Transduction; Survival Analysis; Syndrome; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antineoplastic Agents; B-Lymphocytes; Capillary Leak Syndrome; Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; Cytokines; Edema; Humans; Hypotension; Hypoxia; Infusions, Intravenous; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Killer Cells, Natural; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell; Lymphocyte Depletion; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Syndrome

Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenopathy (PFAPA) is an autoinflammatory syndrome characterized by periodic fever with aphthous stomatitis, cervical lymphadenopathy, myalgia, and abdominal pain. Peripheral blood concentrations of selected cytokines of PFAPA patients during and between febrile episodes were analyzed in a search for PFAPA-specific molecular signature.. 23 children with PFAPA (age 6.07 ± 2.94 years, range 5-9 years) and three control children with severe oropharyngeal infections (age 6.2 ± 7.95 years, range 1-17 years) participated in the study. Peripheral blood concentrations of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, TNF-α were measured using Luminex technology.. PFAPA febrile episodes were characterized by detection of GM-CSF - 134.07 ± 315.5 pg/mL; significant (P < 0.001), compared to baseline and controls, elevation of concentrations of IL-8 (3193.7 ± 2508 pg/mL vs. 100.36 ± 119. pg/mL vs. 2.04 ± 4.08 pg/mL, respectively), IL-6 (1355.38 ± 2026.53 pg/mL vs. 28.8 ± 44.2 pg/mL and 27.13 ± 26.42 pg/mL, respectively). IL-1β was detected only in febrile and afebrile PFAPA patients (922.8 ± 1639 pg/mL vs. 10.98 ± 19.4 pg/ml, P < 0.002, respectively), but not in controls. Peripheral blood concentration of TNFα did not differ significantly between study groups. IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 were negligible in all study subjects.. PFAPA febrile episodes are characterized by activation of GM-CSF and IL-8 with Th1 skewing. We propose a molecular mechanism governing this phenomenon.

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Cytokines; Female; Fever; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; Humans; Infant; Interleukin-8; Male; Pharyngitis; Stomatitis, Aphthous; Syndrome

To observe the effects of Dachengqi decoction on serum levels of mast cell tryptase, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in rabbits with post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS).. Thirty healthy male Japanese rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operation group, PCAS model group and Dachengqi decoction treatment group. The model of PCAS was established by asphyxia-induced cardiac arrest. Fifteen minutes after return of spontaneous circulation, Dachengqi decoction [15 g/(kg.d), bid] was given by intra-gastric administration in Dachengqi decoction treatment group. The indicators of organ function were evaluated 24, 48 and 72 hours after cardiac arrest. The serum levels of mast cell tryptase, MCP-1 and IL-8 were determined by ELISA.. Dachengqi decoction alleviated the dysfunction significantly in heart, brain, liver and kidney. Compared with the sham group, the serum levels of mast cell tryptase, MCP-1 and IL-8 increased significantly in PCAS group (P<0.01). Compared with the PCAS group, the serum levels of mast cell tryptase (at 6 hours), MCP-1 (at 6, 24 and 48 hours) and IL-8 (at 6 and 24 hours) decreased significantly in Dachengqi decoction treatment group (P<0.05 or P<0.01).. Dachengqi decoction can reduce the serum levels of mast cell tryptase, MCP-1 and IL-8 in rabbits with post-cardiac arrest syndrome.

Topics: Animals; Chemokine CCL2; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Heart Arrest; Interleukin-8; Male; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Rabbits; Random Allocation; Syndrome; Treatment Outcome; Tryptases

Meconium peritonitis is caused by an intestinal perforation that may occur in the fetus, followed by severe chemical peritonitis, resulting in high morbidity.. We have experienced six patients with meconium peritonitis. Cystic drainage was performed soon after birth for all patients. We investigated the concentrations of several cytokines and a chemokine (interleukin 8) in the ascites from the six patients with meconium peritonitis. In two patients we also measured the serum cytokines and chemokine level just after birth.. Interleukin 6 and interleukin 8 concentrations were very high in the cyst or ascites just after birth. In the serum taken from two patients, the levels of interleukin 6 and interleukin 8 were also high. In five patients who underwent drainage of cysts after birth, systemic inflammation could not be completely suppressed before curative surgery.. Interleukin 6 and interleukin 8 play important roles in the inflammatory response syndrome associated with meconium peritonitis, and drainage of cystic fluid did not completely suppress this inflammation. To lessen the high morbidity of meconium peritonitis, efforts should be made to suppress the inflammatory response using new treatment strategies, such as administration of steroids or anti-cytokine therapy to supplement cystic drainage.

Topics: Ascites; C-Reactive Protein; Chemokines; Cyst Fluid; Cytokines; Drainage; Fatal Outcome; Female; Fetal Diseases; Hernia, Diaphragmatic; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Intestinal Perforation; Male; Meconium; Peritonitis; Prognosis; Syndrome

To examine changes in body weight and the lung inflammation factors interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in a rat model of cold-dryness syndrome in Northwest (Xinjiang) China to provide a reference for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with local peculiarities.. The rat COPD model was established by intratracheal instillation of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) in combination with cigarette smoking (CS). The rat model of cold-dryness syndrome of COPD in the northwest of China was set up by intratracheal instillation of PPE in combination with CS and environmental cold-dryness stress. The level of IL-1beta, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-alpha in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data were analyzed using the software SPSS 11.5.. (1) Body weight was less in the two model groups than that of control group (P < 0.01), PPE plus CS cold-dryness group was less than that of PPE plus CS group (P < 0.01). (2) IL-1beta in BALF significantly increased in PPE plus CS and cold-dryness group than that of control group (P < 0.01). (3) IL-8 and TNF-alpha in BALF significantly increased in PPE plus CS and cold-dryness group and PPE plus CS group than that of control group (P < 0.01).. Body weight in COPD model rats was reduced compared with controls. Cold-dryness may aggravate such a condition lung inflammation in the model was mainly manifested by an increase in IL-1beta, IL-8 and TNF-alpha levels, with no change in IL-10 levels. Cold-dryness may aggravate lung inflammation of COPD.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; China; Cold Temperature; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-8; Male; Nicotiana; Pneumonia; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Smoke; Syndrome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

We investigated the association between esophageal cancer and cachexia-anorexia syndrome (CAS) of the alimentary tract and leptin, an adipocytokine crucial for body weight regulation, a modulator of inflammatory/immune response, implication of which in cancer and CAS development remains debatable. Circulating leptin was measured in 135 esophageal cancer patients (51 non-cachectic and 84 cachectic) and 83 controls (63 non-cachectic and 20 cachectic) and referred to cancer stage, CAS, and inflammatory and nutritional indices. Leptin was down-regulated in cancer patients and cachectic controls as compared to non-cachectic controls, with more pronounced hypoleptinemia in advanced cancers. Leptin correlated directly with BMI, TNF-alpha, albumin, and hemoglobin and indirectly with IL-6, IL-8, and hsCRP. The correlations, except for hsCRP, were more pronounced in females. BMI alone (females) and BMI and hsCRP (males) were independent predictors of leptin explaining over 60% of its variability. Following adjustment for BMI and gender, cancer-related CAS but not cancer itself negatively affected leptin. Leptin and BMI were independently associated with cancer-related and non-malignant CAS with diagnostic accuracy of 93% in identifying subjects with CAS. Pro-inflammatory, angiogenic and mitogenic properties of leptin do not seem to be important for esophageal cancer development but hypoleptinemia, independently from co-occurring reduction of adiposity, appears to be strongly associated with esophageal cancer-related CAS and non-malignant CAS of the alimentary tract.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Anorexia; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Cachexia; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Down-Regulation; Esophageal Neoplasms; Female; Gastrointestinal Tract; Hemoglobins; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Leptin; Male; Serum Albumin; Syndrome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

To observe the effects of Herba dendrobii on rats with stomach-heat syndrome and to explore the mechanisms.. Rats were fed with decoction of Rhizoma Zingiberis for 15 continuous days to induce the model of stomach-heat syndrome. After modeling, Herba Dendrobii (HD) decoction were given (in the doses of 1.5, 0.75 g x kg(-1) respectively) for 10 days. After treatment, amount of the daily diet, volume and absorbance of urine, pellet number and moistness of excrement, color and coating degree of tongue were recorded; the body thermal effects were detected with thermal texture maps (TTM) system; the biochemical indexes of blood reflecting the physiological function of stomach, including thromboxaneB2 (TXB2), 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha(6-keto-PGF1alpha), motilin (MTL), gastrin (Gas), somatostation (SS), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were measured by radio immunoassay; and the histological changes of gastric mucosa were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stain.. The model rat had yellow coating and red tongues (P < 0.05). The amount of daily diet were increased (over 10%), urine volume and excrement pellet number were decreased (over 10%). The their urine color became deep (P < 0.01) and their excrement became dry. The temperatures in head, neck, left fore-armpit, chest, up-abdomen, mid-abdomen of the model rats were raised up (difference > 0.5 degrees C or difference > 1.0 degree C ). The content of 6-keto-PGF1alpha in blood of model rats decreased evidently (P < 0.01), and the contents of MTL, Gas and IL-8 increased conspicuously (P < 0.01). The histological changes of gastric mucosa in the model rats were as follows: diffuse congestion, infiltration of neutrophil, less secretion, decrease of the number of chief and parietal cells, etc (P < 0. 05 or P < 0.01). After treatment with HD, except the daily food weight, the temperatures in head, neck and chest, the content of MTL and the number of chief cells, the other indexes observed above were improved noticeably (difference > 0.5 RC or difference > 1.0 degree C, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).. The reason why HD relieves the general symptom and sign the gastric mucosa of rats with stomach-heat syndrome is that HD can increase 6-keto-PGF1alpha and decrease IL-8, Gas, TXB2 in their blood.

Topics: Animals; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Gastric Dilatation; Gastrins; Interleukin-4; Interleukin-8; Male; Motilin; Prostaglandins; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Signal Detection, Psychological; Signal Transduction; Stomach Diseases; Syndrome; Thromboxanes

PDGFR inhibitors are successfully used in a number of cancer treatments. The standard treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) involves differentiation therapy with retinoic acid (RA). However, the relapse rates are significant. In the present work we evaluated the effects of RA therapy in the presence of PDGFR inhibitor, AG1296. Adding AG1296 with RA increased secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-8, and MMP-9 expression. This treatment induced higher levels of ICAM-1 endothelial cell expression, and increased cellular mobility. Inhibiting PDGFR enhanced RA-induced expression of integrin. Integrin ligand increased differentiation markers CD11b, inducible oxidative metabolism and PDGFR-beta phosphorylation. While the neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions are strengthened by the combined treatment, the endothelium-substratum interactions are weakened, a situation common in RAS.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; CD18 Antigens; Cell Differentiation; Cell Movement; Contraindications; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Endothelial Cells; HL-60 Cells; Humans; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Interleukin-8; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; Ligands; Macrophage-1 Antigen; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta; Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; Syndrome; Tretinoin; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Tyrphostins

Mutations of the DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B) gene have been detected in patients with immunodeficiency, centromere instability, and facial anomalies (ICF) syndrome. Most of these mutations are clustered in its catalytic domain and thus lead to defective DNA methylation. Nevertheless, the S270P mutation in the N-terminal PWWP (Pro-Trp-Trp-Pro) domain of the DNMT3B gene has prompted questions as to how this mutation contributes to the development of ICF syndrome. In this study, we found that wild-type DNMT3B is SUMOylated through covalent modification, whereas the S270P mutant interacts with SUMO-1 via non-covalent interaction. The S270P mutation results in diffuse nucleus localization. Moreover, the S270P mutant fails to interact with PIAS1, a small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase, and causes the constitutive activation of nuclear factor-kappa B, which induces the expression of interleukin 8. Collectively, our data demonstrate that the S270P mutation affects DNMT3B functions via specific, non-covalent interaction with SUMO-1.

Topics: Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Nucleus; Centromere; Chromosomal Instability; Craniofacial Abnormalities; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases; DNA Methyltransferase 3B; Face; Humans; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Interleukin-8; NF-kappa B; Point Mutation; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Binding; Protein Inhibitors of Activated STAT; Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins; SUMO-1 Protein; Syndrome; Transcription Factors; Transcription, Genetic

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Chemokine CXCL1; Chemokines, CXC; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Epithelial Cells; Flow Cytometry; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Interleukin-8; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; Pulmonary Alveoli; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Syndrome; Tretinoin

To investigate whether a range of cytokines were detectable in the seminal plasma and urine of men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) and nonspecific urethritis (NSU), and whether cytokine levels correlated with symptom severity in CP/CPPS.. In all, 87 men participated, 33 with CP/CPPS, 31 with NSU, and 23 controls. Interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were measured in seminal plasma and first pass urine, and the results were correlated with scores for pain, urinary symptoms and quality-of-life impact using a validated symptom index, the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI).. Seminal plasma levels of IL-8 were higher in men with CP/CPPS and NSU than in controls (P < 0.001), and the levels correlated with NIH-CPSI symptom scores in men with CP/CPPS. There were no significant differences in urinary IL-8 levels in the three groups, and no significant differences in levels of the other cytokines in either semen or urine.. Semen IL-8 levels correlate with subjective symptoms in men with CP/CPPS. IL-8 might contribute to the pathophysiology of CP/CPPS and NSU, and elevated levels might be a useful marker of the condition.

Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Chronic Disease; Humans; Interleukin-8; Male; Pelvic Pain; Prostatitis; Semen; Syndrome; Urethritis

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome is the major constraint on the long-term survival after lung transplantation. Both neutrophils and interleukin (IL)-8, a potent neutrophil attractant, have been shown to play an important role in the pathophysiology of obliterative bronchiolitis. We investigated the potential role of human airway smooth muscle cells in obliterative bronchiolitis by studying their release of IL-8 after stimulation with IL-17, a novel T-cell-derived chemokine capable of attracting and activating neutrophils. We demonstrated a significant increase in IL-8 release, reaching a concentration of 86.6 ng/ml (SEM 1.9 ng/ml) with 100 ng/ml IL-17 (p < 0.01, n = 4), as compared with non-stimulated cells. This IL-17-mediated IL-8 release could not be inhibited by dexamethasone. We conclude that human airway smooth muscle cells may play an important pro-inflammatory role in neutrophilic inflammatory diseases such as chronic rejection after lung transplantation; furthermore, IL-17 may be the link between lymphocytes and neutrophils.

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Cell Culture Techniques; Dexamethasone; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-8; Muscle, Smooth; Respiratory System; Syndrome

In order to identify a specific prostatic inflammation marker we have assayed IL-6 and IL-8 cytokines levels in the genital secretions of men suffering from chronic prostatitis symptoms.. 207 patients underwent the following tests IL-6 and IL-8 were assayed in the genital secretions (seminal plasma:n.101-and- expressed prostatic secretion (EPS):n.106) by flow-cytometry; Meares-Stamey's test + leukocyte count in the EPS (microscopy-HPF/x1,000), semen analysis (WHO criteria), NIH/CPSI questionnaire. The control group was composed of 62 men with normal ejaculates (WHO criteria) and without symptoms or obstruction. We referred to Prostatitis classification-NIH, 1995. We considered as affected by prostatic inflammations those patients with high levels of IL-6 and/or IL-8 concentration in genital secretion. Statistical analysis was performed using: linear regression tests, Student's T-test, Chi-square and McNemar's test.. High levels of IL-6 and/or IL-8 were found in 177/207 cases (85.5%) and the leukocyte count had a positive result only in 85/177 cases (48%). There was a statistically significant difference between cytokine levels measured on 207 cases with chronic prostatitis and citokine levels measured on the control group (P<0.001). There was a correlation between cytokines values and Symptoms Score (CPSI).. IL-6 and IL-8 levels are frequently elevated in genital secretions of patients with prostatic inflammation and may prove to be excellent markers to identify and manage chronic prostatitis.

Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Bodily Secretions; Chi-Square Distribution; Chronic Disease; Cytokines; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Flow Cytometry; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Leukocyte Count; Linear Models; Male; Middle Aged; Pelvic Pain; Prostate; Prostatitis; Semen; Surveys and Questionnaires; Syndrome; World Health Organization

To investigate whether the pain experienced by patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) may be related to the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), induced by inflammation and tissue injury experienced as a result of chronic inflammation. CPPS is a disease of unknown pathogenesis.. We measured the levels of NGF and the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 and compared these with the levels of IL-8, interferon-gamma, IL-2, and IL-10 in the seminal plasma of 31 patients with CPPS and 14 controls using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technology. Results were correlated with health-related quality of life as measured by the multidimensional pain inventory, the McGill pain questionnaire, and the International Prostate Symptom Score.. The cytokines analyzed were detectable in the seminal plasma from the patients with CPPS and controls. NGF correlated directly with pain severity (P <0.01) and IL-10 levels (P <0.04), and IL-6 correlated inversely with pain severity (P <0.03).. These results suggest that NGF and cytokines that regulate inflammation (IL-6 and IL-10) may play a role in the pain symptoms experienced by patients with CPPS.

Topics: Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Chronic Disease; Humans; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Male; Nerve Growth Factor; Pelvic Pain; Prostatitis; Quality of Life; Semen; Syndrome

The early stage of post-transplant obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) is characterized by an influx of inflammatory cells to the lung, among which neutrophils may play a role in key events. The potential for chemokines to induce leukocyte accumulation in the alveolar space was investigated. We assessed whether changes in the chemotactic expression profile could be used as sensitive markers of the onset of OB.. Serial bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids from 13 stable healthy recipients and 8 patients who developed bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) were analyzed longitudinally for concentrations of interleukin-8 (IL-8), chemokines regulated-upon-activation and normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). These were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).. Significantly elevated percentages of BAL neutrophils and IL-8 levels were found at the pre-clinical stage of BOS, on average 151 +/- 164 days and 307 +/- 266 days, respectively, before diagnosis of BOS. There was also early upregulation of RANTES and MCP-1 in the BOS group (mean 253 +/- 323 and 152 +/- 80 days, respectively, before diagnosis of BOS). The level of MCP-1 was consistently higher than that of RANTES until airway obliteration. BAL sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels were not statistically different between the groups.. These data support the belief that RANTES, IL-8 and MCP-1 play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of OB. The results show that relevant increased levels of such chemokines may predict BOS, and suggest that there is potential for some of these markers to be used as early and sensitive markers of the onset of BOS. Longitudinal monitoring of these chemokine signals may contribute to better management of patients at risk for developing OB, at a stage when remodeling can either be reversed or altered.

Topics: Biomarkers; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Chemokine CCL2; Chemokine CCL5; Cohort Studies; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Transplantation; Humans; Interleukin-8; Lung Transplantation; Neutrophil Activation; Postoperative Complications; Predictive Value of Tests; Prospective Studies; Risk; Syndrome; Up-Regulation

A patient with adrenocortical carcinoma presented with fever, leukocytosis, and increased acute phase reactants. The tumor was infiltrated with neutrophils. Immunohistochemical staining of the tumor showed positive signal for epithelial neutrophil-activating protein-78, an angiogenic and chemotactic CXC chemokine. Conditioned medium from tumor-derived cells (RL-251) showed high concentration of IL-8, epithelial neutrophil-activating protein-78, Gro alpha, and Gro gamma, angiogenic CXC chemokines with a potential role in tumorigenesis. An adrenal cancer/severe combined immunodeficiency mouse chimera was developed. Mice grew tumors rapidly, and circulating levels of IL-8 and epithelial neutrophil-activating protein-78 were detected. In contrast, animals transplanted with NCI-H295 cells, a nonchemokine-secreting cell line, grew tumors more slowly and did not have detectable chemokine levels. Similar to the patient, mice with RL-251 tumors developed marked leukocytosis and neutrophilia, and their tumors were infiltrated with neutrophils. Mice were passively immunized with epithelial neutrophil-activating protein-78 antisera. A marked decrease in tumor growth was observed. Potential for chemokine production by other adrenocortical tumors was investigated by RT-PCR in archival material. Six of seven adrenal carcinomas and one of three adenomas had cDNA for IL-8; six of seven carcinomas and the three adenomas had cDNA for epithelial neutrophil-activating protein-78. We concluded that the clinical presentation of this case resulted from increased tumor production of chemotactic chemokines. Through their angiogenic and chemotactic properties these chemokines may play an important role in adrenal tumorigenesis.

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Adenoma; Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Aged; Chemokine CXCL5; Chemokines, CXC; Circadian Rhythm; Fever; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Immunohistochemistry; Interleukin-8; Leukocytosis; Male; Neutrophil Activation; Neutrophils; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Syndrome; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Sickle cell disease has a worldwide distribution and is a public health problem in Brazil. Although vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) is one of the most important clinical features of the disease, there are still several steps of its pathogenesis which are unknown. The increase of the chemotactic factor interleukin 8 (IL-8) has been reported to be involved in sickle cell disease crisis, but this has not been demonstrated conclusively. In the present study we analyzed serum IL-8 levels by ELISA and hematological parameters and hemoglobin patterns by standard techniques in 23 (21 SS and 2 SC) Brazilian patients with sickle cell syndromes during VOC caused by different inducing factors, 22 (21 SS and 1 SC) sickle cell patients out of crisis, and 11 healthy controls. Increased IL-8 levels were observed in 19 of 23 VOC patients (79.2%), 3 of them with more than 1,000 pg/ml. Seventeen of 22 (77.3%) non-crisis patients showed low IL-8 levels (less than 15 pg/ml). Healthy controls had low IL-8 levels. A significant difference in serum IL-8 levels was observed between crisis and non-crisis sickle cell patients (P<0.0001). There was no correlation between IL-8 levels and hematological data or hemoglobin patterns. High serum IL-8 levels were observed in VOC patients independently of the crisis-inducing factor. We conclude that in the studied population, IL-8 concentration may be a useful VOC marker, although the mechanism of the pathogenic process of sickle cell VOC syndromes remains unclear.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Biomarkers; Brazil; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Hemoglobin, Sickle; Hemoglobins; Humans; Infant; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Syndrome

Haemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome (HSES) is a devastating disorder affecting infants. So far no cases have been reported in Switzerland. It is characterised by the abrupt onset of hyperpyrexia, shock, encephalopathy, diarrhoea, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and renal and hepatic failure in previously healthy infants. Severe hypoglycaemia has been repeatedly reported in association with HSES. However, the pathophysiology of the hypoglycaemia is not clear. We report on two infants (2 and 7 months old) with typical HSES, both of whom were presented with nonketotic hypoglycaemia. In the first case, plasma insulin was 23 pmol/l at the time of hypoglycaemia (0.1 mmol/l). In the second case, increased values for interleukin-6 (IL-6) (319 pg/ml) and IL-8 (1382 pg/ml) were found 24 hours after admission, whereas IL-1 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were not measurable. Alpha-1-antitrypsin was decreased (0.6 g/l). In hyperpyrexic, unconscious and shocked infants, HSES should be considered and hypoglycaemia should be specifically looked for. Hypoglycaemia is not caused by hyperinsulinism but may be secondary to the release of cytokines.

Topics: alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Brain Diseases; Down Syndrome; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Infant; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Male; Shock, Hemorrhagic; Syndrome; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Unconsciousness

It has been shown that a high percentage of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in blood is cell associated. Recently, a simple method for determination of cell-associated IL-8 in whole blood after cell lysis has been described. The purpose of this study was to evaluate this method, to examine the influence of preanalytic sample handling, and to establish the concentration range of total IL-8 and its relation to age and sex in healthy subjects.. Total IL-8 content of whole blood was determined after lysing blood cells with Milenia((R)) cell lysis solution. IL-8 in the resulting blood lysate was measured with the IMMULITE((R)) IL-8 immunoassay.. When freshly drawn blood was stored up to 48 h on ice, no significant changes in total IL-8 were measured in the subsequently prepared lysate, whereas with storage at room temperature, total IL-8 increased after 3 h from 94 +/- 13 ng/L to 114 +/- 16 ng/L (n = 10). In lysate stored for 48 h at 4 degrees C, marginal changes of the IL-8 concentration were noted, with storage at room temperature, only 76% +/- 5% (n = 12) of initial concentration was recovered. From lysate frozen at -20 and -80 degrees C, respectively, 84% +/- 4% and 93% +/- 2% of initial IL-8 was recovered after 70 days (n = 10). IL-8 was measured with comparable precision in plasma (CV, 3. 2-4.2%) and blood lysate (CV, 3.7-4.1%). When plasma was diluted with cell lysis solution, a slightly overestimated recovery (125% +/- 3%) was observed; for lysate specimens with a cell lysis solution content >/=75%, the recovery after dilution was 98% +/- 2%. In lysate prepared from 12 blood samples with exogenous IL-8 added, IL-8 recovery was 104% +/- 2% (recovery from plasma <35%). The median total IL-8 in blood lysates from 103 healthy subjects (22-61 years) was 83 ng/L of blood (2.5-97.5 percentile range, 49-202 ng/L of blood). In females but not in males, total IL-8 increased significantly with advancing age (P: <0.002). We found grossly increased total IL-8 in six pregnant women with amniotic infection syndrome.. The evaluated method allows the assessment of total IL-8 in blood with good performance when appropriate conditions of sample pretreatment are considered. The values in healthy volunteers all were above the detection limit of the IL-8 assay; therefore, slight changes of total IL-8 could be noted. Thus, the present method is a suitable tool to study the diagnostic relevance of total IL-8 in blood.

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Amniotic Fluid; Blood Specimen Collection; Female; Humans; Immunoassay; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sex Factors; Syndrome

The role of cytokines in the development of acute chest syndrome (ACS) in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) was studied. Serum interleukin 8 (IL-8) levels were elevated in 14 episodes and undetectable in six out of 20 episodes of ACS in 19 patients with SCD. In contrast, IL-8 levels were undetectable in the sera of 29 control patients with SCD studied during routine clinic visits or hospitalization for vaso-occlusive crises. The differences in mean IL-8 levels and the proportion of patients with detectable levels between the two groups were highly significant (P < 0.0001 and 0.04 respectively). The mean IL-8 level in bronchial fluid samples from children with ACS was also significantly higher than that in sickle cell patients undergoing elective surgery (5500 +/- 1400 pg/ml vs. 1900 +/- 470 pg/ml, P = 0.03). Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (2000 +/- 1700 pg/ml) was present in five out of six samples of bronchial fluid, but not serum, from children with ACS. All but one of the patients with ACS studied were negative for the Duffy red cell antigen, which is a receptor that binds and inactivates IL-8 and other chemokines. These findings suggest that IL-8 and G-CSF may play a role in the development of the ACS and the complications associated with it.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Case-Control Studies; Chest Pain; Child; Child, Preschool; Cytokines; Duffy Blood-Group System; Female; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; Humans; Interleukin-8; Male; Pleural Effusion; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Sickle Cell Trait; Syndrome

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Antigens, CD; Base Sequence; DNA Primers; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Interleukin-8; Keratinocytes; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Monocytes; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Psoriasis; Receptors, Interleukin; Receptors, Interleukin-8A; RNA, Messenger; Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms; Sigmoid Neoplasms; Syndrome

We used a whole-gut perfusion technique to study subclinical gut inflammation in children with cystic fibrosis (18 elective tests, three lavages to treat distal intestinal obstruction syndrome); and in 12 control children with constipation or pre-colonoscopy. We assayed for haemoglobin, IgG, albumin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, granulocyte elastase, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and IL-8 concentrations in whole-gut lavage fluid. Results for two children with distal intestinal obstruction syndrome, the only children in the series taking Nutrizym 22, were strikingly abnormal. This new test has revealed subclinical gut mucosal inflammation in a minority of CF children, for which distal intestinal obstruction syndrome, Nutrizym 22 treatment, or both, may be risk factors.

Topics: Adolescent; Albumins; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Amylases; Bromelains; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Colitis; Colonoscopy; Constipation; Cystic Fibrosis; Drug Combinations; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Hemoglobins; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-8; Intestinal Obstruction; Leukocyte Elastase; Lipase; Male; Pancreatic Elastase; Pancreatic Extracts; Pancreatin; Pancrelipase; Risk Factors; Syndrome; Therapeutic Irrigation; Trypsin

Mononuclear cells from normal volunteers and from patients with the hyperimmunoglobulin E recurrent infection syndrome (HIE) were cultured for 18 h with and without opsonized, heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus (OS). The supernatants from normal mononuclear cell cultures without OS revealed no inhibitory activity for neutrophil chemotaxis, whereas those from HIE patients revealed the previously reported 61,000-dalton factor. However, when normal cells were cultured with OS, they produced a proteinaceous, 56 degrees C-stable, 30,000- to 45,000-dalton factor which preferentially inhibited neutrophil versus monocyte chemotaxis. When HIE cells were exposed to OS, they produced the same 30,000- to 45,000-dalton factor as normal cells, as well as the 61,000-dalton factor that they produced spontaneously. Assay of 1,000-fold dilutions of supernatants from cultures of normal mononuclear cells with OS revealed a mean production of 7.8 +/- 5.4% inhibition of chemotaxis, whereas assay of 1,000-fold dilutions of supernatants from cultures of HIE mononuclear cells (spontaneously producing the 61,000-dalton factor) with OS revealed a 26.6 +/- 3.6% inhibition (P less than 0.02). The data indicate that in short-term culture both normal and HIE mononuclear cells produce an inhibitor of neutrophil chemotaxis when exposed to particulate heat-killed staphylococci but that HIE cells produce qualitatively and quantitatively more inhibitory activity.

Topics: Cells, Cultured; Chemotactic Factors; Hot Temperature; Humans; Hypergammaglobulinemia; Immunoglobulin E; Infections; Interleukin-8; Lymphokines; Molecular Weight; Monocytes; Opsonin Proteins; Phagocytes; Recurrence; Staphylococcus aureus; Syndrome