interleukin-8 and Stomatitis--Denture

Candida-associated denture stomatitis (DS) is the most frequent lesion among denture wearers, especially the elderly. DS is strongly associated with Candida albicans, as well as local and systemic factors, such as impaired immune response. Monocytes are important in the protective immune response against the fungus by the production of cytokines that recruit and activate leukocytes. There are functional changes in these cells with age, and individual alterations involving monocyte response may predispose the host to developing infections by Candida spp. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the production of TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL8, IL-1β, MCP-1 and IL-10 by monocytes from elderly denture wearers with/without DS and elderly or young non-denture wearers. We detected that monocytes from elderly denture wearers with Candida-related denture stomatitis produced lower levels of CXCL-8, IL-6 and MCP-1. This imbalance in cytokine levels was observed in spontaneous or LPS-stimulated production. Therefore, our data suggested that inherent aspects of the host, such as changes in cytokine production by monocytes, might be associated with the development and the persistence of DS irrespective of aging.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Candida; Candida albicans; Candida tropicalis; Candidiasis; Chemokine CCL2; Cytokines; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Monocytes; Species Specificity; Stomatitis, Denture

 Candida albicans is the predominant oral yeast associated with denture-induced stomatitis, and with an increasing population of denture wearers its incidence is increasing. Maintaining good oral and denture hygiene, through chemical and/or mechanical intervention, is essential to reducing this disease. The aim of this study, using a robust adherent C. albicans cell model system, was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of a novel denture cleanser to the efficacy of a commonly used dentifrice coupled with brushing.. Four C. albicans strains isolated from individuals diagnosed as having denture-induced stomatitis, were adhered to denture acrylic resin sections (1 cm(2) by 1 mm thickness) and after 4 hours of growth, challenged daily sequentially for 4 days with a denture cleanser (Polident) or intermittently with denture cleanser (day 1), then dentifrice (Colgate Cavity Protection Toothpaste) and brushing (days 2 and 3) and denture cleanser (day 4). Colony forming units were evaluated for each treatment, as were the levels of regrowth. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also performed. Microbial susceptibility testing and time-kill studies were performed on biofilms. A coculture model was also used to assess interleukin-8 (IL-8) production from treated biofilms.. It was shown that sequential treatment with the denture cleanser killed and inhibited regrowth each day. Intermittent treatment showed that viable C. albicans biofilms were only retained rather than being dispersed, which could be visualized by SEM. Time-kill studies demonstrated that the novel denture cleanser was highly active and killed quickly, unlike the dentifrice. IL-8 was expressed in greater levels in 24-hour biofilms than in 4-hour biofilms, but treatment with denture cleanser reduced IL-8 output.. The data indicate that maintaining good oral health for denture wearers requires daily use of a denture cleanser rather than an alternating regimen. The inability of the denture cleanser to sterilize during intermittent treatments demonstrates the difficulty in controlling established biofilm. Moreover, the presence of mature biofilm may result in high levels of inflammation, but this can be controlled through denture cleansing.

Topics: Acrylic Resins; Biofilms; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Oral; Coculture Techniques; Dentifrices; Denture Bases; Denture Cleansers; Humans; Interleukin-8; Oral Hygiene; Stomatitis, Denture; Toothbrushing