interleukin-8 and Sleep-Wake-Disorders

Low grade neuroinflammation has been suggested as one of the underlying mechanisms of many psychiatric diseases as well as cognitive disorders. Interleukin 8 (IL-8), a proinflammatory cytokine produced by many cell types including macrophage and microglia, mainly functions as a neutrophil chemoattractant in the bloodstream. IL-8 is also found in the brain, where it is released from microglia in response to proinflammatory stimuli. In this review, we highlight studies focusing on the role of IL-8 in psychiatric diseases such as major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, sleep disorder, autism spectrum disorder, anxiety disorders and dementia. Increased peripheral IL-8 levels have been reported in these diseases, particularly in schizophrenic disorder, bipolar disorder, obstructive sleep apnea and autism spectrum disorder. The literature on IL-8 and major depression is inconsistent. IL-8 has been found to be a factor associated with schizophrenic prognosis and therapeutic response, and may affect a wide range of symptomatology. Considering that the exact role of immune alterations is still under research, the success of immune-based therapies in psychiatric diseases is limited for the time being.

Topics: Animals; Anxiety Disorders; Depression; Humans; Immunotherapy; Inflammation Mediators; Interleukin-8; Mental Disorders; Neuroinflammatory Diseases; Schizophrenia; Sleep Wake Disorders

Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has a key role in atherogenesis. Among the different models of oxidation that have been studied, the one using myeloperoxidase (MPO) is thought to be more physiopathologically relevant. Apolipoprotein B-100 is the unique protein of LDL and is the major target of MPO. Furthermore, MPO rapidly adsorbs at the surface of LDL, promoting oxidation of amino acid residues and formation of oxidized lipoproteins that are commonly named Mox-LDL. The latter is not recognized by the LDL receptor and is accumulated by macrophages. In the context of atherogenesis, Mox-LDL accumulates in macrophages leading to foam cell formation. Furthermore, Mox-LDL seems to have specific effects and triggers inflammation. Indeed, those oxidized lipoproteins activate endothelial cells and monocytes/macrophages and induce proinflammatory molecules such as TNF α and IL-8. Mox-LDL may also inhibit fibrinolysis mediated via endothelial cells and consecutively increase the risk of thrombus formation. Finally, Mox-LDL has been involved in the physiopathology of several diseases linked to atherosclerosis such as kidney failure and consequent hemodialysis therapy, erectile dysfunction, and sleep restriction. All these issues show that the investigations of MPO-dependent LDL oxidation are of importance to better understand the inflammatory context of atherosclerosis.

Topics: Apolipoprotein B-100; Atherosclerosis; Endocytosis; Erectile Dysfunction; Fatty Liver; Female; Fibrinolysis; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Inflammation; Interleukin-8; Lipoproteins, LDL; Macrophages; Male; Oxygen; Peroxidase; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Renal Dialysis; Sleep Wake Disorders; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

In the present work, we evaluated the effect of the intake of a Jerte Valley cherry-based product (JVCP), compared to a placebo product, on sleep quality, urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6-s) levels and the serum concentration of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8).. This was a blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover study.. University of Extremadura (Spain).. Ten young (20-30 years old), ten middle-aged (35-55 years old), and ten elderly (65-85 years old) participants.. A placebo (Kool-Aid®) or JVCP (patent no. ES 2342141 B1) were consumed twice a day, as lunch and dinner desserts.. Actigraphic monitoring was used to record and display the temporal patterns of the individuals' activity and rest. Urinary aMT6-s and serum cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-8) were also determined.. The consumption of the JVCP improved the nocturnal rest, measured by sleep efficiency, number of awakenings, total nocturnal activity, sleep latency, assumed sleep, actual sleep time and immobility. Moreover, it was detected an increase in both the levels of aMT6-s found in first-void morning urine and the concentrations of serum pro-somnogenic cytokines obtained from samples collected at the acrophase of the melatonin rhythm (1.00 am) in all experimental age groups after the JVCP consumption. Generally, better results were obtained with advancing age.. The ingestion of the JVCP may contribute to establish a high-quality sleep and be used as a potential nutraceutical tool to prevent sleep disorders with the advance of age.

Topics: Actigraphy; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Body Mass Index; Cross-Over Studies; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-8; Melatonin; Middle Aged; Prunus; Sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders; Spain; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Young Adult

At present, the relationship between sleep and inflammatory factors is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between specific inflammatory factors and sleep in MDD patients.. We measured and compared clinical features and 10 peripheral blood inflammatory factors in 40 MDD patients with sleep disorders, 80 MDD patients without sleep disorders, and 80 healthy controls. Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to explore the relationship between sleep and inflammatory factors.. The levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, CRP, TNF-α, CXCL-1, CXCL-2, and IFN-γ were different among the three groups(all p<0.05).Poor sleep quality was significantly negatively correlated with IL-2 and IL-8 (all p<0.01), and significantly positively correlated with IL-6, IL-10, CRP, TNF-α, CXCL-1, CXCL-2 and IFN-γ (all p<0.01). IL-8 could significantly negatively predict the deterioration of sleep quality (p<0.001), and TNF-a and IFN-γ could significantly positively predict the deterioration of sleep quality (all p<0.05).. The self-rating scale was used in this study.. Inflammatory factors are disrupted in patients with sleep disorders. The lower the level of IL-8 in peripheral blood of MDD patients, the higher the TNF-a and IFN-γ, and the worse the quality of sleep.

Topics: Cytokines; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-2; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

We aimed to study serum cytokine levels in 11 electrical status epilepticus in sleep (ESES) patients and 20 healthy control children. Patients showed significantly higher levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, IL-10, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)2 and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)8/IL-8 than controls, while macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and CCL3 were significantly lower. Follow-up analyses in five patients revealed a significant decrease of IL-6 levels after immunomodulating treatment. IL-6 changes were accompanied by clear improvement of electroencephalography (EEG) patterns and neuropsychological evaluation. We hypothesize that IL-6 correlates with disease activity and immunomodulating treatment efficacy.

Topics: Adolescent; Case-Control Studies; Chemokine CCL2; Chemokine CCL3; Child; Child, Preschool; Cognition Disorders; Cytokines; Electroencephalography; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; Immunologic Factors; Inflammation; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-1alpha; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; Language Disorders; Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; Male; Methylprednisolone; Neuropsychological Tests; Prednisolone; Sleep Wake Disorders; Status Epilepticus; Syndrome; Treatment Outcome