interleukin-8 and Schistosomiasis

We previously reported that treatment for schistosomiasis in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) attenuated HIV replication as measured by plasma HIV RNA. We investigated systemic inflammation as measured by plasma levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor II (sTNF-rII), interleukin-8, (IL-8), and IL-10 during schistosomiasis and HIV co-infection and after schistosomiasis treatment. The cohort was composed of 378 persons who were or were not infected with HIV-1, Schistosoma haematobium, or S. mansoni. Schistosomiasis-infected persons were randomized to receive praziquantel (40 mg/kg) at baseline or at the three-month follow-up. sTNF-rII and IL-8 were positively associated with schistosomiasis intensity as measured by circulating anodic antigen (CAA), regardless of HIV status. Interleukin-10 was positively associated with CAA in HIV-negative participants. IL-8 levels were higher in S. mansoni-infected individuals. Treatment for schistosomiasis caused a decrease in levels of sTNF-rII (P < 0.05) and IL-10 (P < 0.001). Our results indicate that schistosomiasis treatment may attenuate HIV replication by decreasing systemic inflammation.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cytokines; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Praziquantel; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; Schistosomiasis; Schistosomicides; Zimbabwe

 Schistosomiasis elicits cross-regulatory immune responses, but it is unclear how antihelminthic treatment affects this balance. This study integrates data on 13 cytokines elicited by 3 schistosome to examine how praziquantel treatment alters immune polarization and whether post-treatment cytokine profiles influence reinfection status..  Venous blood from 72 Schistosoma haematobium-exposed participants was cultured with schistosome egg, adult worm, and cercaria antigens pre- and 6 weeks post-praziquantel treatment. Innate inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α], interleukin(IL-)-6, IL-8), Th1 (interferon γ [IFN-γ], IL-2, IL-12p70), Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13), Th17 (IL-17A, IL-21, IL-23p19), and regulatory (IL-10) cytokines were quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cytokine data was integrated using nonmetric multidimensional scaling and factor analysis..  Egg-specific cytokine phenotypes became more proinflammatory post-treatment due to increased TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ, IL-12p70, and IL-23 levels. Post-treatment cercariae-specific responses were also more proinflammatory reflecting elevated IL-8. In contrast, post-treatment adult worm-specific responses were less inflammatory, reflecting lower post-treatment IL-6. A combination of egg-induced IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-21, and IL-23 and adult worm-induced IL-5 and IL-21 post-treatment was associated with reduced reinfection risk 18 months later..  Praziquantel treatment markedly alters polarization of schistosome-specific cytokine responses, and these changes, particularly in response to egg-stage parasites, may promote resistance to reinfection.

Topics: Adolescent; Animals; Anthelmintics; Child; Child, Preschool; Cytokines; Female; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-12; Interleukin-13; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-2; Interleukin-23; Interleukin-4; Interleukin-5; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Interleukins; Male; Praziquantel; Schistosoma haematobium; Schistosomiasis; Schistosomiasis haematobia; Th1 Cells; Th17 Cells; Th2 Cells; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Bladder cancer is a major health problem in Egypt as it represents the most common malignancy.. Evaluation of the potential usefulness of serum IL-8 and IGF-1 in Egyptian bladder cancer patients.. Serum levels of IL-8 and IGF-1 were determined in 51 bladder cancer patients and 45 controls using a chemiluminescence enzyme immunometric assay.. Serum IL-8 was significantly higher in cancer patients than in controls (P < 0.0001). It was significantly higher in patients with invasive cancer than those with superficial cancer (P < 0.01). Also, IL-8 showed a significant elevation in relation to schistosomal infection (P = 0.02) however, it did not differ in relation to either pathological type of tumor or its grade (P > 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve indicated that IL-8 cut-off value of 35 pg/mL yielded the best combination of sensitivity (71%) and specificity (98%) for differentiating patients with bladder cancer from control subjects. Serum IGF-1 levels showed no significant difference between bladder cancer patients and controls (P > 0.05). There was no relationship between IGF-1 levels and clinicopathological parameters.. In Egyptian patients with bladder cancer, serum IL-8 is significantly elevated and its level is related to tumor invasion and associated schistosomal infection. Moreover, serum IGF-1 level does not help as a serum tumor marker in these patients.

Topics: Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Egypt; Female; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Schistosomiasis; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms