interleukin-8 and Scalp-Dermatoses

Folliculitis decalvans (FD) is a chronic inflammatory disease leading to scarring alopecia with poorly defined pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of markers associated with the activation of innate immune signals, such as inflammasome (NALP1 and NALP3), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-8 and type I interferon (MxA). A retrospective monocentric study was conducted and included 17 patients with FD with available biopsies. Disease activity (stable vs. active) was defined clinically and histologically. Immunostaining was performed using antibodies directed against NALP1, NALP3, IL-1β, IL-8, and MxA on FD skin biopsies. Results were compared with normal controls and lichen planopilaris. Eleven patients had active disease and 6 had stable disease. NALP1, NALP3, and IL-1β expression were significantly increased in hair follicles in FD compared with controls and lichen planopilaris. This study highlights the predominant immune signal associated with inflammasome activation in FD, suggesting the use of IL-1β blockade in FD.

Topics: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Adult; Aged; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Biomarkers; Biopsy; Female; Folliculitis; Hair Follicle; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Inflammasomes; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Myxovirus Resistance Proteins; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; NLR Proteins; Retrospective Studies; Scalp; Scalp Dermatoses; Young Adult

We investigated the distribution of Malassezia yeast in 120 Chinese (20 patients from each of six cities) and 20 Korean patients with scalp seborrheic dermatitis (SD) and dandruff (SD/D) using ITS1 and ITS2 polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Bioactivity was studied by quantifying sebum lipid production by human primary sebocytes and inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-8 (IL-8) production was studied by exposing HaCaT keratinocytes with extracts of five standard Malassezia strains; M. globosa, M. restricta, M. sympodialis, M. dermatis and M. slooffiae. M. restricta and M. globosa were the most frequently encountered species from both Chinese and Korean patients. These two Malassezia species also promoted neutral lipid synthesis although the result was not statistically significant and induced significant increase in IL-8 production among the five Malassezia species studied. The study suggests a possible role of these organisms in the pathogenesis of SD/D.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Cells, Cultured; China; Dandruff; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; DNA, Fungal; DNA, Intergenic; DNA, Ribosomal; Female; Genome, Fungal; Humans; Interleukin-8; Keratinocytes; Lipids; Malassezia; Middle Aged; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; RNA, Ribosomal; Scalp Dermatoses; Sebum; Seoul; Urban Population