interleukin-8 and Sarcopenia

To explore the relationship between inflammatory markers and sarcopenia-related traits in sarcopenic older adults.. Baseline data of the ongoing Exercise and Nutrition for Healthy AgeiNg (ENHANce) study were used for a secondary, exploratory, cross-sectional analysis. ENHANce is a 5-armed triple blinded randomized controlled trial, in older adults (>65y) with sarcopenia defined according to the revised criteria of the European Working Group of Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) aiming to assess the effect of combined anabolic interventions (protein supplement, omega-3 supplement and physical exercise) on physical performance, compared to single/placebo interventions. Inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), albumin, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were assessed at baseline. Spearman's rho (ρ) correlation coefficients were calculated to associate these inflammatory markers with baseline sarcopenia-defining parameters (handgrip strength, chair stand test, appendicular lean mass [aLM], gait speed, Short Physical Performance Battery), physical activity (step count) and quality of life (SF-36, SarQoL).. We included 40 sarcopenic subjects (15 men/25 women, age 77.1 ± 6.8 years). Contrary to expectations, the pro-inflammatory IL-1β correlated positively with handgrip strength (ρ: 0.376; p = 0.024) and IL-6 with aLM (ρ: 0.334; p = 0.0433). IL-6 inversely correlated with step count (ρ:-0.358; p = 0.048). Subgroup analysis revealed important gender differences. IL-8 inversely correlated with handgrip strength in women (ρ: -0.425; p = 0.034) but not in men. In contrast, pro-inflammatory cytokines CRP (ρ: -0.615; p = 0.019), IL-6 (ρ: -0.604; p = 0.029) and TNF-α (ρ: -0.615; p = 0.025) inversely correlated with the SF-36 physical component score in men but not in women.. Although Inflammageing might play a role in sarcopenia-related traits, this exploratory study highlights an important role of gender. Future research should take this into account when elucidating the Inflammageing-sarcopenia interplay.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; C-Reactive Protein; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Hand Strength; Healthy Aging; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Male; Quality of Life; Sarcopenia; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Chronic systemic low grade inflammation is associated with the age-related loss of muscle mass. Resistance exercise has been suggested to reduce or lower chronic systemic low grade inflammation. However, systemic chronic low-grade inflammation may adversely affect the adaptive response to exercise training. We investigated the effect of resistance exercise training on systemic chronic low-grade inflammation in older adults. In addition, we studied the association between systemic chronic low-grade inflammation and the adaptive response to exercise training.. Frail and pre-frail older adults (61 subjects) performed 24 weeks of progressive resistance exercise training. Frailty was assessed using the Fried frailty criteria.. Lean body mass (DXA), strength (1RM), circulating levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were measured prior to exercise training, after 12 weeks of training, and after 24 weeks of training.. Prolonged progressive resistance exercise training did not affect circulating levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α. However, exercise training led to a small but significant increase of 0.052 pg/mL in IL-1β. Higher circulating levels of TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-6 during the training period were negatively associated with strength gains for the leg press. A doubling of plasma TNF-α, IL-8 or IL-6 resulted in reduced strength gains for leg press with coefficients of -3.52, -3.42 and -1.54 respectively. High levels of circulating TNF-α were also associated with decreased strength gains for the leg extension (coefficient -1.50). Inflammatory cytokines did not appear to have an effect on gains in lean mass.. Our findings suggest that increased levels of plasma cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8) are associated with lower strength gains during resistance exercise training.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Composition; Exercise Therapy; Female; Frail Elderly; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Male; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Netherlands; Resistance Training; Sarcopenia; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Aging is a complex biological process which can be associated with skeletal muscle degradation leading to sarcopenia. The aim of this study consisted i) to determine the oxidative and inflammatory status of sarcopenic patients and ii) to clarify the impact of oxidative stress on myoblasts and myotubes. To this end, various biomarkers of inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP), TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, leukotriene B4 (LTB4)) and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, carbonylated proteins and antioxidant enzymes: catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) as well as oxidized derivatives of cholesterol formed by cholesterol autoxidation (7-ketocholesterol, 7β-hydroxycholesterol), were analyzed. Apelin, a myokine which contributes to muscle strength, was also quantified. To this end, a case-control study was conducted to evaluate the RedOx and inflammatory status in 45 elderly subjects (23 non-sarcopenic; 22 sarcopenic) from 65 years old and higher. SARCopenia-Formular (SARC-F) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests were used to distinguish between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic subjects. By using red blood cells, plasma and/or serum, we observed in sarcopenic patients an increased activity of major antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase) associated with lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation (increased level of malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes and carbonylated proteins). Higher levels of 7-ketocholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol were also observed in the plasma of sarcopenic patients. Significant differences were only observed with 7β-hydroxycholesterol. In sarcopenic patients comparatively to non-sarcopenic subjects, significant increase of CRP, LTB4 and apelin were observed whereas similar levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 were found. The increased plasma level of 7-ketocholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol in sarcopenic patients led us to study the cytotoxic effect of these oxysterols on undifferentiated (myoblasts) and differentiated (myotubes) murine C2C12 cells. With the fluorescein diacetate and sulforhodamine 101 assays, an induction of cell death was observed both on undifferentiated and differentiated cells: the cytotoxic effects were less pronounced with 7-ketocholesterol. In addition, IL-6 secretion was never detected whatever the culture conditions, TNF-α secretion was significantly increased on undifferentiated and differentiated C2C12 cells treated with 7-ketocholesterol- and 7β-hydroxy

Topics: Aged; alpha-Tocopherol; Animals; Antioxidants; Apelin; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Catalase; Glutathione Peroxidase; Humans; Hydroxycholesterols; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Ketocholesterols; Leukotriene B4; Mice; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Myoblasts; Oxidative Stress; Plant Oils; Sarcopenia; Superoxide Dismutase; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

In recent years, studies have found that Sarcopenia alters inflammatory biomarkers. However, the behavior of inflammatory biomarkers at different stages of Sarcopenia is not well understood. This study aimed to compare a broad panel of inflammatory biomarkers in older women at different stages of Sarcopenia. The study included 71 Brazilian community-dwelling older women. Muscle Strength was assessed by using handgrip strength (Jamar dynamometer). The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) was performed to assess the physical performance, and body composition was assessed by DEXA. Sarcopenia was diagnosed and classified according to the EWGSOP2 criteria. Blood was drawn, and inflammatory biomarkers associated with Sarcopenia (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, BDNF, sTNFr-1 and sTNFr-2) was analysed. After diagnosis and classification of sarcopenia, 45% of women did not present Sarcopenia (NS, N = 32), 23.9% were diagnosed with Sarcopenia Probable (SP, N = 17), 19,7% with Sarcopenia Confirmed (SC, N = 14), and 11.3% with Severe Sarcopenia (SS, N = 8). The analysis of inflammatory biomarkers revealed that the more advanced the stage of Sarcopenia, the higher the levels of BDNF, IL-8, sTNFr-1, and sTNFr-2. The assessment of BDNF, IL-8, sTNFr-1, and sTNFr-2 levels may be an adjuvant tool in diagnosis and severity classification of Sarcopenia in older Brazilian women.

Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Hand Strength; Humans; Interleukin-8; Sarcopenia

To determine clinical features and some mechanisms of osteosarcopenia development in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP).. A casecontrol study was conducted on the basis of the Saratov State Clinical Hospital 5 in 20152018 of patients with CP. In a study of 161 patients with CP included, the control group 30 healthy individuals. Patients were divided into groups according to the etiology of CP: 79 with toxic-metabolic CP, 82 with biliary CP. To determine the risks of low-energy fractures, 154 patients were tested with the Fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX). Along with the standard examination, 30 patients with CP dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed. To assess the state of skeletal muscles, body mass index was determined, hand-held dynamometry was performed, and a set of Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) tests was used. Along with the assessment of traditional risk factors for osteosarcopenia gender, age, state of reproductive function in women, body mass index, functional state of the pancreas (pancreas) the quantitative content of interleukins (IL)-2, 6, 8 in in colonic biopsies was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).. Bone disorders, according to densitometry, was detected in 70.0% of patients with CP, in 13.3% of the control group. Presarcopenia was detected in 62 (38.5%) patients with CP, sarcopenia in 34 (21.1%), in the control group presarcopenia and sarcopenia were not detected. Sarcopenia was statistically significantly more common in toxic-metabolic CP than in biliary CP (2=11.6; p0.001). Correlations of the lumbar spine T-score and IL-6 (r=-0.29; p=0.03), IL-8 (r=-0.29; p=0.04) were revealed. Correlations between sarcopenia and the concentration of cytokines in the in the colon mucosa in CP were determined (IL-2: r=0.44; p0.001; IL-6: r=0.48; p0.001; IL-8: r=0.42; p0.001).. The development of osteopenia and sarcopenia syndromes in CP is interrelated and associated with both traditional risk factors and an increased concentration of cytokines in the in the colon mucosa.. Цель. Определить частоту, клинические особенности и некоторые механизмы развития остеосаркопении у пациентов с хроническим панкреатитом (ХП). Материалы и методы. Проведено исследование случайконтроль на базе городского гастроэнтерологического центра ГУЗ Саратовская городская клиническая больница №5 в 20152018 гг. пациентов с ХП. В исследование включен 161 пациент с ХП, в контрольную группу 30 здоровых лиц. Пациенты разделены с учетом этиологии ХП: 79 с токсико-метаболическим ХП, 82 с билиарнозависимым. Для определения рисков низкоэнергетических переломов 154 пациентам выполнено тестирование Fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX). Наряду со стандартным обследованием 30 пациентам с ХП выполнена двухэнергетическая рентгеновская денситометрия. Для оценки состояния скелетной мускулатуры определяли индекс массы тела, выполняли кистевую динамометрию, для оценки физической работоспособности набор тестов Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Наряду с оценкой традиционных факторов риска остеосаркопении пол, возраст, состояние репродуктивной функции у женщин, индекс массы тела, функциональное состояние поджелудочной железы проведен анализ количественного содержания в колонобиоптатах интерлейкина (ИЛ)-2, ИЛ-6, ИЛ-8 методом иммуноферментного анализа. Результаты. Остеодефицит по данным денситометрии выявлен у 70,0% пациентов с ХП, у 13,3% лиц контрольной группы. Пресаркопения выявлена у 62 (38,5%) пациентов с ХП, саркопения у 34 (21,1%), в контрольной группе пресаркопении и саркопении не выявлено. Саркопения встречалась статистически значимо чаще при токсико-метаболическом ХП, чем при билиарнозависимом ХП (2=11,6; p0,001). Выявлены корреляции Т-критерия поясничного отдела позвоночника и ИЛ-6 (r=-0,29; p=0,03), ИЛ-8 (r=-0,29; p=0,04). Определены корреляционные связи саркопении и концентрации цитокинов в слизистой оболочке толстой кишки при ХП (ИЛ-2: r=0,44; p0,001; ИЛ-6: r=0,48; p0,001; ИЛ-8: r=0,42; p0,001). Заключение. Развитие синдромов остеопении и саркопении при ХП взаимосвязано и ассоциировано как с традиционными факторами риска, так и с повышенной концентрацией цитокинов в слизистой оболочке толстой кишки.

Topics: Bone Density; Female; Humans; Interleukin-2; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Osteoporosis; Pancreatitis, Chronic; Sarcopenia

Although the chemotherapy-induced sarcopenia has some explanatory presence in clinical practice, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not been clearly distinguished in patients with cancer. Therefore, we aimed with this study to investigate the role of inflammation by examining the inflammatory markers in the physiopathology of adjuvant chemotherapy-induced sarcopenia in patients with gastrointestinal tract cancer.. To detect the presence of sarcopenia, patients' body composition measurements were assessed using the BIA, and their muscular strength was assessed with a handgrip dynamometer in both pre- and post-adjuvant chemotherapy. At the same time, we examined the baseline and post-adjuvant chemotherapy anthropometric measurements and inflammatory markers in serum (Hs-CRP, IL8, and TNF-α). Patients were divided in three groups. Group 1 consisted of patients who presented post-treatment sarcopenia although they did not have it prior to the treatment, group 2 included the patients who had no pre- or post-treatment sarcopenia, and group 3 was comprised of patients who presented pre-treatment sarcopenia. Each group included 30 patients.. A total of 90 patients were included in the study. Fifty-one of them were female patients. Median age was 60.5 (range 27-83). The patients consisted of cases with colorectal and gastric cancers. In group 1, Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed a significant difference between scores of IL-8 (pg/mL), TNF-α (pg/mL) and Hs-CRP (mg/dL) given for the post-chemotherapy compared with the pre-chemotherapy ((Z 3.61, p < 0.001), (Z 3.254, p = 0.001), (Z 3.319, p = 0.001)). The post-chemotherapy median scores of IL-8 (pg/mL), TNF-α (pg/mL), and Hs-CRP were 76.31, 7.34, and 1.55, respectively, which remained on the levels of 12.25, 1.6, and 0.51 for the pre-chemotherapy. For group 2, a Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated no significant difference between scores of the same markers given for the post-chemotherapy compared with the pre-chemotherapy. In all patients (including groups 1, 2, and 3), a comparison of the patients with pre-treatment sarcopenia (n = 30) and non-sarcopenic patients (n = 60) in terms of baseline IL-8, TNF-α, and Hs-CRP mean levels, IL-8 and Hs-CRP were found to be statistically different (146.02 (SD 311.96) vs. 47.24 (SD 66.3) (p = 0.009), 3.91 (SD 4.26) vs. 0.75 (SD 1.08) (p < 0.001), respectively).. The present prospective observational study suggested an association of chemotherapy-induced sarcopenia with inflammatory markers Hs-CRP, IL8, and TNF-α. Inflammation may play a role in chemotherapy-induced sarcopenia in newly diagnosed non-metastatic patients.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Composition; C-Reactive Protein; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Colorectal Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Sarcopenia; Stomach Neoplasms; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Despite the descriptive presence of cancer cachexia (CC) in clinical practice, the underlying mechanisms and diagnostic definition have not been clearly identified. Recent work, attempting to establish diagnostic and staging criteria for CC, has identified IL-6 as a biomarker. This study aimed to investigate the clinical relevance of plasma levels of four pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α) in advanced cancer patients (ACP) to further establish their potential in the diagnostic definition of CC.. Blood was obtained from 83 ACP (47 male and 36 female, aged 34-85 years) and analyzed for white blood cells, lymphocytes, C-reactive protein, albumin and cytokines. Subjects completed questionnaires to establish weakness, loss of appetite, fatigue, quality of life and weight loss; completed tests to determine strength, body composition and sarcopenia; and consented to chart review to calculate survival and total days admitted to hospital.. This study shows that, in ACP, IL-1β is better associated with clinical features of the cachectic condition, such as weakness, loss of appetite, weight loss and sarcopenia, than IL-6.. IL-6 may not best represent the clinical correlates of CC in ACP. Additional cytokines should be considered in the definition of this condition.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Albumins; Appetite; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Cachexia; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Lymphocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Quality of Life; Sarcopenia; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Weight Loss