interleukin-8 and Root-Resorption

External inflammatory root resorption (EIRR) is a common complication of traumatic dental injury (TDI) that can be detected radiologically. During EIRR, various proteins are released into gingival sulcus fluid (GCF). The aim of the study was to monitor the levels of selected proteins in GCF in children (8-16 years of age) in order to assess their utility in the early diagnosis of EIRR.. Twenty five children who experienced TDI to permanent incisors with ended root development were enrolled. GCF was collected from injured and control teeth with paper strips within seven days after TDI and on three visits during six-month follow-up. Concentrations of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, RANKL and MMP-9 in GCF were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. EIRR was confirmed by radiological imaging techniques.. Of all analyzed proteins, only the levels of IL-1α, Il-1β and TNFα in GCF from the injured teeth with resorption were higher than in GCF from control teeth on the visit during which the EIRR was diagnosed. In univariate logistic regression model, the concentration of IL-1α in GCF was found as the strongest risk factor for the occurrence of EIRR.. The composition of GCF may be indicative of EIRR after TDI. The monitoring of selected biomarkers in GCF may help to detect EIRR at its early stage and might be useful in reducing radiological exposure in children after TDI. IL-1α can be considered as a potential marker of the EIRR in children after TDI to the permanent teeth.

Topics: Adolescent; Biomarkers; Child; Cytokines; Dentition, Permanent; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Humans; Incisor; Inflammation; Interleukin-1alpha; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Logistic Models; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Multivariate Analysis; Prospective Studies; RANK Ligand; Risk Factors; Root Resorption; Tooth Injuries; Tooth Loss; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

The progressive forms of inflammatory external root resorption (IERR) and replacement external root resorption (RERR) are serious complications and the main causes of tooth loss after replantation. This study aimed to investigate the expression pattern of inflammatory molecules in extracted human teeth presenting with external root resorption (ERR) after replantation.. Root fragments from 22 teeth showing IERR and 20 teeth with RERR were triturated using a homogenizer to extract inflammatory molecules. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-1Ra, transforming growth factor beta, IL-8/CXCL8, CCL2, CCL3, and CCL5 were measured using double-ligand enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, and IL-17A detection was performed using the multiplex Th1/Th2/Th17 Cytometric Bead Array kit (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA). Cytokine and chemokine concentrations were compared in the RERR and IERR groups corrected by patients' age at the moment of extraction, survival time after replantation, and index of ERR, adopting a generalized estimation equation model.. The IERR group showed higher levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha than the RERR group, even after correction for the index of ERR (P < .05). IL-1Ra levels were higher in the IERR group for moderate cases but higher in the RERR group for severe cases (P < .05). IL-4 concentration became higher with the increase of patients' age in the RERR group but did not vary in the IERR group (P < .05). CCL2 levels decreased with the increase of the patients' age at the moment of extraction irrespective of the type or index of ERR (P < .05).. The present results showed differences in the immunologic profile of IERR and RERR that may be relevant to understanding the biological mechanisms underlying ERR.

Topics: Adolescent; Chemokine CCL2; Chemokine CCL3; Chemokine CCL5; Cytokines; Female; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-2; Interleukin-4; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Male; Root Resorption; Tooth Replantation; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

To clarify whether occlusal hypofunction is one of the key determinants for root resorption during tooth movement and root resorption is prevented by its recovery.. The rats were randomly divided into one control and two experimental groups: hypofunctional and recovery groups. In the hypofunctional group, an anterior metal cap and bite plate were attached to the maxillary and mandibular incisors to simulate occlusal hypofunction. In the recovery group, the appliances were removed 7 weeks after their use, and the rats were allowed to bite for 4 weeks after removal. At the age of 16 weeks, the upper first molars were moved and after 0, 7, 14, and 21 days, the maxillae were resected. The resorption area was quantified morphohistologically and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells on the root surface were counted. We also examined the expressions of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), and interleukin (IL)-8 immunohistochemically.. The amount of root resorption and the number of TRAP-positive cells were significantly greater in the hypofunctional group than in the control and recovery groups. Moreover, immunoreactivity for RANKL, M-CSF, and IL-8 was detected in the periodontal ligament and on the root surface in the hypofunctional group.. Occlusal hypofunction is one of the critical factors for root resorption; however, root resorption may be prevented by recovery of occlusal function.

Topics: Animals; Dental Occlusion; Interleukin-8; Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; Orthodontic Appliances; Periodontal Ligament; Random Allocation; RANK Ligand; Rats; Recovery of Function; Root Resorption; Tooth Root

Interleukin (IL)-17 is an important mediator of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR). However, its role in the dental pulp (DP) has not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate, using an atopic dermatitis (AD) model, how IL-17 contributes to OIIRR in DP. Atopic dermatitis is the most common IL-17-associated allergic disease. Atopic dermatitis model mice (AD group) and wild-type mice (control group) were subjected to an excessive orthodontic force. The localization of T-helper (Th)17 cells, IL-17, IL-6, and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC; an IL-8-related protein in rodents) were determined in DP. In addition, CD4+ T cells, including IL-17 production cells, were obtained from patients with AD and from healthy donors, and the effects of IL-17 on the production of IL-6 and IL-8 were investigated using a co-culture of CD4+ T cells with human dental pulp (hDP) cells stimulated with substance P (SP). Immunoreactivity for Th17 cells, IL-17, IL-6, and KC was increased in DP tissue subjected to orthodontic force in the AD group compared with DP tissue subjected to orthodontic force in the control group. The cells obtained from the AD patients displayed increased IL-6 and IL-8 production. These results suggest that IL-17 may aggravate OIIRR in DP.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cells, Cultured; Coculture Techniques; Dental Pulp; Dermatitis, Atopic; Disease Models, Animal; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Male; Mice; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Receptors, Interleukin-17; Root Resorption; Substance P; Th17 Cells; Tooth Movement Techniques

The aim of this study was to investigate how interleukin (IL)-8 (cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant; CINC-1) and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1/CCL2 contribute to root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement.. Forty 6-week-old male Wistar rats were subjected to orthodontic force of 10 or 50 g to induce a mesially tipping movement of the upper first molars for 7 days. We determined the expressions of CINC-1, CXCR2, and MCP-1 proteins in root resorption area using immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of compression forces (CF) on IL-8 and MCP-1 production by human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells. We observed an effect of chemokine treatment on rat odonto/osteoclasts in dentin slices that recapitulated root resorption.. The immunoreactivity for CINC-1/CXCR2 and MCP-1 was detected in odontoclasts and PDL fibroblasts by the orthodontic force of 50 g on day 7. CF increased the secretion and the expression of mRNA of IL-8 and MCP-1 from PDL cells in a magnitude-dependent manner. Moreover, CINC-1 and MCP-1 stimulated osteoclastogenesis from rat osteoclast precursor cells.. IL-8 (CINC-1) and MCP-1 may therefore facilitate the process of root resorption because of excessive orthodontic force.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Differentiation; Chemokine CCL2; Chemokine CXCL1; Cytokines; Dentin; Female; Fibroblasts; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Interleukin-8; Isoenzymes; Male; Molar; Osteoclasts; Periodontal Ligament; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Interleukin-8B; Root Resorption; Stress, Mechanical; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Tooth Movement Techniques