interleukin-8 and Retinal-Detachment

The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of IL-8, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma in subretinal fluid of patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.. We studied 15 patients operated on retinal detachment. The presence of cytokines was evaluated using immunoenzymatic assay.. IL-8, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma were found in all subretinal fluid samples. The concentration of cytokines in patients with retinal detachment lasting to 2 months was higher than in cases of retinal detachment over 2 months.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Body Fluids; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-8; Middle Aged; Postoperative Period; Retinal Detachment; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is caused by one or more full-thickness retinal breaks. The current RRD treatments have several drawbacks. Chitosan is one of the most commonly used natural polymers for wound healing and has been demonstrated to be biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, bioadhesive, and bioactive. This study aimed to determine the reliability and effectiveness of chitosan for sealing retinal breaks in rabbits.. Eighteen blue purple rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: chitosan (n = 6), RRD (n = 6), and control (n = 6). The RRD model was established using vitrectomy, making retinal holes, and subretinal fluid injection in the RRD and chitosan groups. One week after the establishment of the model, chitosan was applied within the range of the holes in the chitosan group, and the vitreous body was filled with perfusion fluid. Except the chitosan treatment, the RRD group underwent the same procedure. Intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, fundus photography, B-mode ultrasound, optical coherence tomography (OCT), histology, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed.. Retinas of all eyes in the RRD group were detached, whereas those of all eyes in the chitosan group remained attached. The concentrations of epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-8 in the vitreous fluid of the RRD group were significantly higher than those of the control group (. Chitosan may be a reliable method for sealing retinal breaks. Moreover, chitosan can maintain high levels of growth factors and reduce inflammatory factors in the vitreous, which may reduce and delay the death of retinal cells and help restore visual function after retinal repositioning.

Topics: Animals; Chitosan; Epidermal Growth Factor; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Rabbits; Reproducibility of Results; Retinal Detachment; Retinal Perforations; Retrospective Studies; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

The aim of this study was to compare intraocular cytokines among different types of pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs) in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and to investigate the association of cytokine levels and PED types with response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy.. We included 88 patients with chronic CSC and 30 controls. The anti-VEGF agent conbercept was given intravitreally to chronic CSC patients. Cytokines VEGF, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-10, interferon-inducible protein-10 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in aqueous humour were measured. Treatment efficacy, cytokine levels, changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography parameters were assessed at baseline and 1 month after treatment.. Patients were divided into three groups: flat irregular PED (FIPED) with choroidal neovascularization (CNV), FIPED without CNV and focal PED. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was the only cytokine significantly higher in chronic CSC FIPED patients. There were no significant differences in VEGF between FIPED patients with or without CNV (p = 0.234). At 1 month after conbercept injection, treatment effective rates in FIPED patients with or without CNV were significantly higher than in patients with focal PED (p < 0.05). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was improved in both FIPED groups (p < 0.05), but not in the focal PED group (p = 0.180). All three groups had significant decreases in central macular thickness (p < 0.05), and PED heights in FIPED patients were reduced (p < 0.05).. Patients with FIPED in chronic CSC had elevated intraocular VEGF levels and responded favourably to conbercept. Anti-VEGF treatment may be an option for FIPED CSC patients with or without secondary CNV.

Topics: Central Serous Chorioretinopathy; Chemokine CCL2; Choroidal Neovascularization; Cytokines; Endothelial Growth Factors; Epithelium; Fluorescein Angiography; Humans; Interferons; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Retinal Detachment; Retinal Pigment Epithelium; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Visual Acuity

To investigate the immunopathogenesis of endophthalmitis, and determine if cytokine profiles could serve as biomarkers of disease severity in infectious endophthalmitis.. Vitreous samples of 46 patients clinically diagnosed as endophthalmitis (of which 25 were culture positive) and 20 non-infectious controls from patients with Retinal Detachment (RD) or diabetic retinopathy were included in the study. The cytokine and chemokine expression patterns of 40 immune mediators including 6 antiinflammatory cytokines, 15 proinflammatory cytokines, 9 Growth factors and 10 proinflammatory chemokines in the vitreous were were analyzed by multiplex cytokine immunoassay. In addition, significant immune mediators were correlated with initial and final visual acuity (VA).. Our results demonstrated elevated expression of 16 mediators such as GCSF, GRO, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1 RA, IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-3, MIP-1α, IL-1β, TGF-α, TNF-α in patients with culture positive endophthalmitis. Cytokine profile expression significantly differed between patients with proven endophthalmitis and the non-infectious controls in heat map analysis. PCoA plot indicated five mediators (IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-8, GRO, G-CSF) as biomarkers that could be Independent Predictors of Disease especially in culture negative cases. Correlation of cytokines with VA revealed strong association between the initial VA and intraocular levels of TGF-α, IL-1β and IL-8 but there was no correlation with the severity or visual outcome of infection.. In comparison to non-infectious ocular conditions, the pathogenesis of infectious endophthalmitis correlates with increased expression levels of IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-8, GRO, G-CSF. Understanding cytokine profiles in culture negative endophthalmitis patients could aid in therapy in non-responders to empirical antibiotic therapy.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacterial Infections; Biomarkers; Chemokine CXCL1; Child; Child, Preschool; Diabetic Retinopathy; Endophthalmitis; Female; Gene Expression; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; Humans; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Retinal Detachment; Severity of Illness Index; Visual Acuity; Vitreous Body

To determine the relationship between the retinal morphologic changes and concentrations of intravitreal cytokines in eyes with diabetic macular edema.. A retrospective comparative study was performed. The preoperative optical coherence tomography images were evaluated to determine the presence of serous retinal detachments (SRDs), retinal cystic changes, and retinal swelling. The concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 in vitreous samples collected during vitrectomy were determined. The correlations between optical coherence tomography parameters, other clinical factors, and the concentration of cytokines were calculated.. Fifty-two eyes (52 patients) were investigated. An SRD was found in 19 of the 52 eyes (36.5%). Multivariate regression analysis showed that IL-6 was the only factor significantly associated with the presence of an SRD (P = 0.001; odds ratio, 1.268; 95% confidence interval, 1.105-1.452). The other morphologic changes, such as retinal cystic changes and retinal swellings, were not significantly associated with the concentrations of intravitreal cytokines.. The significant association of SRD with intravitreal IL-6 indicates that inflammation may play an important role in the development of SRD in diabetic macular edema.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Cytokines; Diabetic Retinopathy; Female; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Macular Edema; Male; Middle Aged; Retina; Retinal Detachment; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Vitrectomy; Vitreous Body

Histones are DNA-binding proteins and are involved in chromatin remodeling and regulation of gene expression. Histones can be released after tissue injuries, and the extracellular histones cause cellular damage and organ dysfunction. Regardless of their clinical significance, the role and relevance of histones in ocular diseases are unknown. We studied the role of histones in eyes with retinal detachment (RD). Vitreous samples were collected during vitrectomy, and the concentration of histone H3 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The location of the histones and related molecules was examined in a rat RD model. The release of histones and their effects on rat retinal progenitor cells R28 and ARPE-19 were evaluated in vitro. In addition, the protective role of the vitreous body against histones was tested. The intravitreal concentration of histones was higher in eyes with RD (mean, 30.9 ± 9.8 ng/ml) than in control eyes (below the limit of detection, P<0.05). In the rat RD model, histone H3 was observed on the outer side of the detached retina and was associated with photoreceptor death. Histone H3 was released from cultured R28 by oxidative stress. Histones at a concentration 10 μg/ml induced the production of interleukin-8 in ARPE-19 cells (2.5-fold increase, P<0.05) that was mediated through the ERK1/2- and p38 MAPK-dependent pathways and Toll-like receptor 4. Histones were toxic to cells at concentrations of ≥ 20 μg/ml. Vitreous body or hyaluronan decreased toxicity of histones by inhibiting diffusion of histones. These results indicate that histones are released from retinas with RD and may modulate the subretinal microenvironment by functioning as damage-associated molecular pattern molecules, thereby inducing proinflammatory cytokines or cell toxicity. In addition, the important role of the vitreous body and hyaluronan in protecting the retina from these toxic effects is suggested.

Topics: Animals; Case-Control Studies; Cell Death; Cell Line; Extracellular Fluid; Histones; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Interleukin-8; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Retina; Retinal Detachment; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Vitreous Body

To determine intravitreal levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD).. Vitreous samples were collected from 22 eyes of 22 patients during vitrectomy procedures for RD. For controls, vitreous samples were obtained from 12 eyes of 12 patients without RDs during pars plana vitrectomies. Control group patients included four with macular holes and eight with epiretinal membranes; none had any associated vitreoretinopathy. All vitreous samples were immediately frozen at -80 degrees C until assayed.. VEGF concentrations were significantly elevated in samples from patients with RDs compared to samples from control patients (p < 0.001). Vitreous concentrations of IL-8 were also significantly elevated in patients with macular edema when compared to control patients (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in vitreous concentrations of TNF-alpha in subjects with RDs compared to control subjects (p > 0.05).. Increases in IL-8 (an inflammatory angiogenic mediator) and VEGF (a regulatory mediator of cellular proliferation and permeability) may be related to development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Osmolar Concentration; Retinal Detachment; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; Vitreous Body

To investigate whether the chemokines monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) are involved in the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinal disorders and to study their possible interaction with IL-6.. In a prospective study of 125 consecutive patients (125 eyes), vitreous and paired serum samples were obtained and were assayed for MCP-1 and IL-8. Levels of IL-6 were determined by proliferation of the IL-6-dependent hybridoma cell line 7TD1.. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 was detected in 13 (48%) of 27 vitreous samples from patients with retinal detachment, in five (63%) of eight samples from patients with macular pucker, in 31 (72%) of 43 samples from patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and in 32 (76%) of 42 samples from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, but not in samples from five patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane. There was a significant (P = .049) correlation between the incidence of MCP-1 detection in retinal detachment, macular pucker, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy groups and the severity of proliferation. Interleukin-8 was detected in two vitreous samples from eyes with retinal detachment, in two samples from eyes with proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and in three samples from eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels in the vitreous samples were positively correlated with IL-6 levels (r = .31, P = .01). Interleukin-6 levels were significantly (P = .0097) greater in vitreous samples with than without detectable levels of MCP-1.. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 is present in a substantial percent of vitreous samples from eyes with proliferative vitreoretinal disorders and may help in stimulating the infiltration of monocytes and macrophages into eyes with these disorders.

Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Chemokine CCL2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Prospective Studies; Retinal Detachment; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative; Vitreous Body