interleukin-8 and Pneumothorax

Pleurodesis performed either by pleurectomy or pleural abrasion is recommended in the approach to primary spontaneous pneumothorax to avoid recurrence. However, the efficacy of parietal pleural abrasion in producing pleurodesis is questioned. This study aims to determine the efficacy of apical abrasion alone, abrasion plus fibrin sealant application, and pleurectomy in producing pleurodesis in rabbits.. Rabbits were subjected to video-assisted thoracic surgery alone (control) or to video-assisted thoracic surgery with apical gauze abrasion, abrasion plus fibrin sealant instillation, or apical pleurectomy. Blood samples were collected preoperatively and 48 h and 28 days postoperatively to measure total leukocytes (white blood cell count), neutrophil counts, and serum interleukin (IL)-8 levels. After 28 days the animals were sacrificed for macroscopic evaluation of the degree of apical pleurodesis and microscopic evaluation of local pleural fibrosis and collagen deposition.. White blood cell and neutrophil counts were similar in all groups, whereas the serum IL-8 level peaked at 48 h in all groups and decreased after 28 days, except in the pleurectomy group. After 28 days the abrasion plus fibrin sealant and pleurectomy groups had significantly more pleural adhesions, pleural fibrosis, and collagen deposition than the abrasion alone group, mainly due to thick mature fibers.. Abrasion with local fibrin sealant instillation is as effective as pleurectomy in producing pleurodesis in rabbits. Apical pleurectomy elicits a more persistent elevation of serum IL-8 levels than apical abrasion alone or abrasion plus fibrin adhesive instillation.

Topics: Animals; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive; Interleukin-8; Pleura; Pleurodesis; Pneumothorax; Postoperative Period; Rabbits; Recurrence; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted; Tissue Adhesives

"We undertook this study to investigate the adequate oxygen concentration that can be applied safely to the treatment of pneumothorax. Complete unilateral pneumothorax was induced artificially in rabbits, which were subsequently treated with various inspired oxygen fractions (FIO₂; 21%, 60%, 80% or 100%). The pneumothorax resolution time was measured together with the levels of IL-1β and IL-8 in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) and plasma samples. Furthermore, the lungs from these animals were examined for histolopathological evidence of oxygen toxicity. The results showed that the resolution time was significantly faster in the pneumothorax rabbits when treated with higher FIO₂. Significantly higher levels of IL-1 β were detected in BAL samples collected from the pneumothorax-rabbits that had received FIO₂ at levels of either 80% or 100% (P < 0.05), but not in those with FIO₂ at the 60% level. However, there was no significant change in the level of IL-8 in the BAL when the pneumothorax-rabbits were treated with different FIO₂ levels. In addition, no evidence of oxygen toxicity was found when the lung tissues were examined. The data indicated that higher FIO₂ treatment can accelerate the resolution of pneumothorax, but caution should be exercised with regard to associated oxygen toxicity when the FIO₂ used is greater than 80%. We conclude that treatment with 60% FIO₂ is an appropriate concentration for oxygen therapy for the treatment of pneumothorax in this model."

Topics: Animals; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-8; Lung; Oxygen; Pneumothorax; Rabbits

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) often occurs after the rupture of small bullae or subpleural blebs in otherwise normal lungs. The underlying mechanism(s) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to identify genes potentially involved in the development of PSP. Microarray analysis was performed to identify specific gene expression patterns. Expression levels of genes identified to be significantly up- or down-regulated in association with PSP were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify lung cell types highly expressing these genes. Microarray analysis revealed that expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-3 alpha (HIF-3alpha) and caspase-8 were significantly up-regulated in tissue from patients with PSP, whereas interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 were down-regulated (all P < .05). These genes are related to hypoxia, apoptosis, and inflammation. HIF-3alpha and caspase-8 protein levels were increased in samples from patients with PSP. HIF-3alpha and caspase-8 were localized in mesothelial cells, alveolar type II pneumocytes, and bronchoalveolar epithelial cells in samples from patients with PSP. Our findings, although obviously preliminary given the small sample size, suggest that hypoxia, inflammation, and apoptosis may play important roles in the pathogenesis of PSP.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Apoptosis; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors; Biopsy; Blotting, Western; Caspase 8; Cluster Analysis; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Hypoxia; Immunohistochemistry; Inflammation; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Lung; Male; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Pneumothorax; Repressor Proteins; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Taiwan; Young Adult

Talc administration into the pleural cavity induces pleurodesis. To obtain further insight into the inflammatory process that causes pleurodesis, the cellular kinetics in the pleural space after the administration of talc was studied, along with its relation to chemokine concentrations in the pleural fluid. Thirteen consecutive patients with idiopathic spontaneous pneumothorax and eight patients with malignant pleural effusions received talc pleurodesis. The first group was treated with talc poudrage, whereas the second group was treated with talc slurry. Pleural fluids were isolated before talc administration as well as 3, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h afterwards. The talc induced a rapid polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) influx followed by an accumulation of macrophages. In addition, increased production of interleukin (IL)-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 was observed. The talc-induced PMN influx reached its maximum after 3-24 h, and was related to the IL-8 concentration. In contrast, the MCP-1 was not related to the macrophage accumulation. Talc-induced inflammation in patients with idiopathic spontaneous pneumothorax and malignant pleural effusion is characterized by an influx of polymorphonuclear neutrophils related to interleukin-8, followed by an accumulation of monocytes.

Topics: Adult; Chemokine CCL2; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-8; Leukocyte Count; Macrophages; Male; Neutrophils; Pleura; Pleural Effusion; Pleural Effusion, Malignant; Pleurodesis; Pneumothorax; Talc

We experienced a case of reexpansion pulmonary edema (RPE) after surgical treatment of pneumothorax. In this case, protein leakage and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) accumulation were observed in the reexpanded lung. Interleukin-8 and leukotriene B4 in edema fluid were increased at the onset of RPE. PMN elastase was also increased, though its peak was delayed. The plasma level of P-selectin, which mediates adhesion between PMN and endothelium, was elevated. We speculate that some of these fluid mediators may play important roles in chemotaxis and activation of PMN in the development of RPE.

Topics: Adult; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Extravascular Lung Water; Exudates and Transudates; Humans; Interleukin-8; Leukotriene B4; Male; Pneumothorax; Postoperative Complications; Pulmonary Edema; Time Factors