interleukin-8 and Parkinson-Disease

The aim of this study was to examine the synaptic biomarker neurogranin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in different stages of HIV infection and in relation to what is known about CSF neurogranin in other neurodegenerative diseases.. CSF concentrations of neurogranin are increased in Alzheimer's disease, but not in other neurodegenerative disorder such as Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and Lewy body dementia. Adults with HIV-associated dementia have been found to have decreased levels of neurogranin in the frontal cortex, which at least to some extent, may be mediated by the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-8. CSF neurogranin concentrations were in the same range for all groups of HIV-infected individuals and uninfected controls. This either indicates that synaptic injury is not an important part of HIV neuropathogenesis or that CSF neurogranin is not sensitive to the type of synaptic impairment present in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.

Topics: Adult; AIDS Dementia Complex; Alzheimer Disease; Biomarkers; Female; Frontal Lobe; Frontotemporal Dementia; HIV Infections; Humans; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-8; Lewy Body Disease; Male; Middle Aged; Neurogranin; Parkinson Disease

This study aimed to investigate the effect of berberine hydrochloride on the diversity of intestinal flora in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Prospectively selected 68 PD patients, admitted to our hospital from April 2021 to June 2021, were randomly assigned to an observation group and a control group (

Topics: Berberine; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Parkinson Disease; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation on gene expression related to inflammation, insulin and lipid in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in 50 patients with PD as a pilot study. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups to take either 8×109 CFU/day probiotic supplements or placebo (n = 25 each group, one capsule daily) for 12 weeks. Gene expression related to inflammation, insulin, and lipid was quantified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of PD patients, with RT-PCR method.. After the 12-week intervention, compared with the placebo, probiotic intake downregulated gene expression of interleukin-1 (IL-1) (P = 0.03), IL-8 (P < 0.001) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (P=0.04) in PBMC of subjects with PD. In addition, probiotic supplementation upregulated transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) (P = 0.02) and peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) (P = 0.03) in PBMC of subjects with PD compared with the placebo. We did not observe any significant effect of probiotic intake on gene expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in PBMC of patients with PD.. Overall, probiotics supplementation for 12 weeks in PD patients significantly improved gene expression of IL-1, IL-8, TNF-α, TGF-β and PPAR-γ, but did not affect gene expression of VEGF and LDLR, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress.

Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Inflammation; Insulin; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-8; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Lipids; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Parkinson Disease; Patient Compliance; Pilot Projects; PPAR gamma; Probiotics; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Inflammations play crucial role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), however, their possible value in the diagnosis or tracking of the progress of PD is still limited, because of discordant results in the literature and a lack of information regarding its reproducibility. Thus, overall longitudinal and cross-sectional studies are needed. This multicentre study was designed to investigate the association between multiple peripheral immune biomarkers and the development and progression of PD.. This was a longitudinal and multicentre study. First, we measured the levels of five typical cytokines and five focused chemokines in 76 PD patients and 76 healthy controls (HCs) in a discovery cohort. Then, a validation cohort of 80 PD and 80 HC participants was recruited from four multicentre locations. In addition, a prospective follow-up of early-stage PD patients was performed with significant biomarkers. Finally, we performed further verification in an exploratory set of patients with idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD).. In the discovery set, CXCL12, CX3CL1 and IL-8 levels were significantly higher in PD patients than in HCs (p < 0.05). The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve for a combination of these three biomarkers produced a high area under the curve (AUC) of 0.89 (p < 0.001). Moreover, four biomarkers (the previous three and CCL15) were significantly associated with PD in the discovery and validation cohorts. Furthermore, in the prospective follow-up cohort, CX3CL1 levels were associated with motor progression after a mean interval of 43 months. In addition, CX3CL1 and IL-8 levels were higher in iRBD patients than in HCs.. We showed a correlation between a profile of four peripheral immune biomarkers and PD development and progression. Our findings may provide a basis whereby PD patients with abnormal inflammatory profiles can be identified and receive timely therapeutic interventions.

Topics: Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Interleukin-8; Longitudinal Studies; Parkinson Disease; Prospective Studies; REM Sleep Behavior Disorder; Reproducibility of Results

Peripheral immune system abnormalities are associated with Parkinson's disease, but role of inflammatory factors in Parkinson's disease has not been consistently proven yet. Thus, population-based studies are needed in the addition of peripheral dysfunction knowledge associated with Parkinson's disease. IL-8 and TNF-α are inflammatory factors that might be involved in PD. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the levels of IL-8 and TNF-α in Parkinson's disease patients from India.. Serum samples were collected from Parkinson's disease patients (n = 81) and their respective controls (n = 83). The levels of IL-8 and TNF-α were determined using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.. The levels of IL-8 (patients = 222.70 ± 200.91 pg/ml, controls = 1584.44 ± 504.44 pg/ml; p < 0.001) and TNF-α (patients = 45.67 ± 24.69 pg/ml, controls = 638.25 ± 511.02 pg/ml; p < 0.001) were lower in the serum of Parkinson's disease patients than controls and the differences were statistically significant. Their levels were also significantly lower in both male and female patients as compared with their respective controls (p < 0.001). IL-8 was significantly lower in the female controls when compared with the male controls (p < 0.001). Their levels were not influenced by disease severity. Significant weak correlation was found between disease duration and the level of IL-8, but not with age at onset among patients. However, the level of TNF-α did not show correlation with disease duration and age at onset among patients.. The levels of IL-8 and TNF-α were significantly lower in serum of Parkinson's disease patients, which suggested that inflammatory factors might exert their effect and more specifically, inflammation might play crucial role in Parkinson's disease.

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; India; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Parkinson Disease; Sex Factors; Statistics, Nonparametric; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Neuroinflammatory processes seem to contribute to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). Chemokines play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, acting mainly as mediators of leukocyte recruitment to inflammatory sites. The aim of the present study was to compare the serum levels of chemokines between healthy subjects and PD patients and to correlate these levels with the severity of PD.. We used ELISA to measure the levels of CCL3, CCL11, CCL24, CXCL8 and CXCL10 chemokines in the serum of PD patients (n = 47) and age- and gender-matched controls (n = 23). Patients were also clinically evaluated with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, the Modified Hoehn and Yahr Staging Scale and the Modified Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living Scale.. There was no significant difference in serum levels of chemokines between controls and PD patients. There was no correlation between the serum levels of chemokines and the clinical measures of disease severity.. These findings suggest that serum levels of chemokines may not be considered as potential biomarkers of PD.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Chemokine CCL11; Chemokine CCL24; Chemokine CCL3; Chemokine CXCL10; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Parkinson Disease

Higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines are found in Parkinson's disease (PD) patient's brains and inflammation is thought to be a major contributor to the neurodegeneration. During the inflammatory process, microglial release of proinflammatory cytokines act on the endothelium of blood-brain barrier (BBB) cells to stimulate upregulation of adhesion molecules. Consequently, this upregulation leads to the recruitment of passing T cells and monocytes, which express the counter receptors, that then go on to release more cytokines [Whitton, P.S., 2007. Inflammation as a causative factor in the aetiology of Parkinson's disease, Br. J. Pharmacol. 50, 963-976; Kortekaas, R., Leenders, K.L., Van Oostrom, J.C., Vaalburg, W., Bart, J., Willemsen, A.T., Hendrikse, N.H., 2005. Blood-brain barrier dysfunction in parkinsonian midbrain in vivo, Ann. Neurol. 57, 176-179]. In addition, a systemic inflammatory response results in the production of cytokines which circulate in the blood and communicate with neurons within the brain. Thus, a central inflammatory reaction interacts with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) modulating immune activity. The present study investigates levels of production and expression of cyto/chemokines by PBMCs in PD patients. Basal and LPS-induced levels of MCP-1, RANTES, MIP-1alpha, IL-8, IFNgamma, IL-1beta and TNFalpha were significantly higher in PD patients than in HC subjects (p<0.001), as determined by RT-PCR and Elisa methods. Cyto/chemokine levels were significantly correlated with UPDRS III and H/Y stage (p<0.001). The Pearson's correlation coefficient (R) was also used to assess the strength of the relationship between NF-kappaBp65 levels and all studied cyto/chemokines and between NF-kappaBp65, UPDRS III and H/Y score in PD patients. The overall results strengthen and extend the knowledge of the peripheral dysregulation in the cytokine network associated with PD.

Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Chemokine CCL2; Chemokine CCL3; Chemokine CCL5; Cytokines; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-8; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Male; Middle Aged; Parkinson Disease; Polysaccharides; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

For the first time, the multilocus approach by the set-association method has been applied for the analysis of a cluster of five genes [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-1alpha and IL-10] involved in the brain neuroinflammatory pathway in Parkinson's disease (PD), in a well-defined group of 197 PD patients and 173 control subjects from Spain. Set-association analysis did not reveal an independent or an interactive effect of these inflammatory genes on the PD risk.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Brain; Female; Genotype; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-1alpha; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Parkinson Disease; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Spain; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

The therapeutic imperative for Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD) calls for discovery and validation of biomarkers. Increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau and decreased amyloid (A) beta42 have been validated as biomarkers of AD. In contrast, there is no validated CSF biomarker for PD. We validated our proteomics-discovered multianalyte profile (MAP) in CSF from 95 control subjects, 48 patients with probable AD, and 40 patients with probable PD. An optimal 8-member MAP agreed with expert diagnosis for 90 control subjects (95%), 36 patients with probable AD (75%), and 38 patients with probable PD (95%). This MAP consisted of the following (in decreasing order of contribution): tau, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, interleukin 8, Abeta42, beta2-microglobulin, vitamin D binding protein, apolipoprotein (apo) AII, and apoE. This first large-scale validation of a proteomic-discovered MAP suggests a panel of 8 CSF proteins that are highly effective at identifying PD and moderately effective at identifying AD.

Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Apolipoproteins; Apolipoproteins E; beta 2-Microglobulin; Biomarkers; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Parkinson Disease; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; tau Proteins; Vitamin D-Binding Protein

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders and is characterized by the progressive loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. There is increasing evidence to suggest the inflammatory response of the brain contributes to the pathogenesis of PD. This study investigated the frequency of polymorphism located in the critical promoter region of the proinflammatory cytokine genes: interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) within a cohort of patients with PD in comparison to a group of healthy elderly individuals. No association was observed for single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter regions of the IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-alpha genes. The single nucleotide polymorphism in the chemokine IL-8 gene was observed to associate with PD and appeared to be independent of age at onset. This association further supports the theory that the proinflammatory response in the brains of patients with PD plays a role in the pathogenesis of the disease and warrants further investigation into the role of chemokines in the brain, and a more detailed analysis of the genetics involved in the immune response of the brain.

Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Interleukin-8; Ireland; Male; Parkinson Disease; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Promoter Regions, Genetic