interleukin-8 and Overweight

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a novel respiratory illness firstly reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It is caused by a new corona virus, called MERS corona virus (MERS-CoV). Most people who have MERS-CoV infection developed severe acute respiratory illness.. This work is done to determine the clinical characteristics and the outcome of intensive care unit (ICU) admitted patients with confirmed MERS-CoV infection.. This study included 32 laboratory confirmed MERS corona virus infected patients who were admitted into ICU. It included 20 (62.50%) males and 12 (37.50%) females. The mean age was 43.99 ± 13.03 years. Diagnosis was done by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) test for corona virus on throat swab, sputum, tracheal aspirate, or bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. Clinical characteristics, co-morbidities and outcome were reported for all subjects.. Most MERS corona patients present with fever, cough, dyspnea, sore throat, runny nose and sputum. The presence of abdominal symptoms may indicate bad prognosis. Prolonged duration of symptoms before patients' hospitalization, prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation and hospital stay, bilateral radiological pulmonary infiltrates, and hypoxemic respiratory failure were found to be strong predictors of mortality in such patients. Also, old age, current smoking, smoking severity, presence of associated co-morbidities like obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronic heart diseases, COPD, malignancy, renal failure, renal transplantation and liver cirrhosis are associated with a poor outcome of ICU admitted MERS corona virus infected patients.. Plasma HO-1, ferritin, p21, and NQO1 were all elevated at baseline in CKD participants. Plasma HO-1 and urine NQO1 levels each inversely correlated with eGFR (. SnPP can be safely administered and, after its injection, the resulting changes in plasma HO-1, NQO1, ferritin, and p21 concentrations can provide information as to antioxidant gene responsiveness/reserves in subjects with and without kidney disease.. A Study with RBT-1, in Healthy Volunteers and Subjects with Stage 3-4 Chronic Kidney Disease, NCT0363002 and NCT03893799.. HFNC did not significantly modify work of breathing in healthy subjects. However, a significant reduction in the minute volume was achieved, capillary [Formula: see text] remaining constant, which suggests a reduction in dead-space ventilation with flows > 20 L/min. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT02495675).. 3 组患者手术时间、术中显性失血量及术后 1 周血红蛋白下降量比较差异均无统计学意义（. 对于肥胖和超重的膝关节单间室骨关节炎患者，采用 UKA 术后可获满意短中期疗效，远期疗效尚需进一步随访观察。.. Decreased muscle strength was identified at both time points in patients with hEDS/HSD. The evolution of most muscle strength parameters over time did not significantly differ between groups. Future studies should focus on the effectiveness of different types of muscle training strategies in hEDS/HSD patients.. These findings support previous adverse findings of e-cigarette exposure on neurodevelopment in a mouse model and provide substantial evidence of persistent adverse behavioral and neuroimmunological consequences to adult offspring following maternal e-cigarette exposure during pregnancy. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6067.. This RCT directly compares a neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen with a standard CROSS regimen in terms of overall survival for patients with locally advanced ESCC. The results of this RCT will provide an answer for the controversy regarding the survival benefits between the two treatment strategies.. NCT04138212, date of registration: October 24, 2019.. Results of current investigation indicated that milk type and post fermentation cooling patterns had a pronounced effect on antioxidant characteristics, fatty acid profile, lipid oxidation and textural characteristics of yoghurt. Buffalo milk based yoghurt had more fat, protein, higher antioxidant capacity and vitamin content. Antioxidant and sensory characteristics of T. If milk is exposed to excessive amounts of light, Vitamins B. The two concentration of ZnO nanoparticles in the ambient air produced two different outcomes. The lower concentration resulted in significant increases in Zn content of the liver while the higher concentration significantly increased Zn in the lungs (p < 0.05). Additionally, at the lower concentration, Zn content was found to be lower in brain tissue (p < 0.05). Using TEM/EDX we detected ZnO nanoparticles inside the cells in the lungs, kidney and liver. Inhaling ZnO NP at the higher concentration increased the levels of mRNA of the following genes in the lungs: Mt2 (2.56 fold), Slc30a1 (1.52 fold) and Slc30a5 (2.34 fold). At the lower ZnO nanoparticle concentration, only Slc30a7 mRNA levels in the lungs were up (1.74 fold). Thus the two air concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles produced distinct effects on the expression of the Zn-homeostasis related genes.. Until adverse health effects of ZnO nanoparticles deposited in organs such as lungs are further investigated and/or ruled out, the exposure to ZnO nanoparticles in aerosols should be avoided or minimised.

Topics: A549 Cells; Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine; Acinetobacter baumannii; Acute Lung Injury; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Adenine; Adenocarcinoma; Adipogenesis; Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Ophthalmic; Adolescent; Adsorption; Adult; Aeromonas hydrophila; Aerosols; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Agriculture; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Airway Remodeling; Alanine Transaminase; Albuminuria; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; Algorithms; AlkB Homolog 2, Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase; Alzheimer Disease; Amino Acid Sequence; Ammonia; Ammonium Compounds; Anaerobiosis; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antifungal Agents; Antigens, Bacterial; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Antioxidants; Antitubercular Agents; Antiviral Agents; Apolipoproteins E; Apoptosis; Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Arsenic; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Asthma; Atherosclerosis; ATP-Dependent Proteases; Attitude of Health Personnel; Australia; Austria; Autophagy; Axitinib; Bacteria; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bariatric Surgery; Base Composition; Bayes Theorem; Benzoxazoles; Benzylamines; beta Catenin; Betacoronavirus; Betula; Binding Sites; Biological Availability; Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy; Bioreactors; Biosensing Techniques; Birth Weight; Blindness; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Blood-Brain Barrier; Blotting, Western; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Bone Resorption; Borates; Brain; Brain Infarction; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Brain Neoplasms; Breakfast; Breast Milk Expression; Breast Neoplasms; Bronchi; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Buffaloes; Cadherins; Calcification, Physiologic; Calcium Compounds; Calcium, Dietary; Cannula; Caprolactam; Carbon; Carbon Dioxide; Carboplatin; Carcinogenesis; Carcinoma, Ductal; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carps; Carrageenan; Case-Control Studies; Catalysis; Catalytic Domain; Cattle; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cell Adhesion; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cell Death; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Nucleus; Cell Phone Use; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cell Transformation, Viral; Cells, Cultured; Cellulose; Chemical Phenomena; Chemoradiotherapy; Child; Child Development; Child, Preschool; China; Chitosan; Chlorocebus aethiops; Cholecalciferol; Chromatography, Liquid; Circadian Clocks; Circadian Rhythm; Circular Dichroism; Cisplatin; Citric Acid; Clinical Competence; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Coculture Techniques; Cohort Studies; Cold Temperature; Colitis; Collagen Type I; Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain; Collagen Type XI; Color; Connective Tissue Diseases; Copper; Coronary Angiography; Coronavirus 3C Proteases; Coronavirus Infections; Cost of Illness; Counselors; COVID-19; COVID-19 Testing; Creatine Kinase; Creatinine; Cross-Over Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cryoelectron Microscopy; Cryosurgery; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cues; Cultural Competency; Cultural Diversity; Curriculum; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; Cycloparaffins; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Cytokines; Cytoplasm; Cytoprotection; Databases, Factual; Denitrification; Deoxycytidine; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diagnosis, Differential; Diatoms; Diet; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Exposure; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Diketopiperazines; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Disease-Free Survival; DNA; DNA Damage; DNA Glycosylases; DNA Repair; DNA-Binding Proteins; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Viral; Docetaxel; Dose Fractionation, Radiation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Down-Regulation; Doxorubicin; Drosophila; Drosophila melanogaster; Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Liberation; Drug Repositioning; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Edema; Edible Grain; Education, Graduate; Education, Medical, Graduate; Education, Pharmacy; Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome; Electron Transport Complex III; Electron Transport Complex IV; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Emergency Service, Hospital; Empathy; Emulsions; Endothelial Cells; Endurance Training; Energy Intake; Enterovirus A, Human; Environment; Environmental Monitoring; Enzyme Assays; Enzyme Inhibitors; Epithelial Cells; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Epoxide Hydrolases; Epoxy Compounds; Erythrocyte Count; Erythrocytes; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Escherichia coli Proteins; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Esophagectomy; Estrogens; Etanercept; Ethiopia; Ethnicity; Ethylenes; Exanthema; Exercise; Exercise Test; Exercise Tolerance; Extracellular Matrix; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; Eye Infections, Fungal; False Negative Reactions; Fatty Acids; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Feces; Female; Femur Neck; Fermentation; Ferritins; Fetal Development; Fibroblast Growth Factor-23; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Fibroblasts; Fibroins; Fish Proteins; Flavanones; Flavonoids; Focus Groups; Follow-Up Studies; Food Handling; Food Supply; Food, Formulated; Forced Expiratory Volume; Forests; Fractures, Bone; Fruit and Vegetable Juices; Fusobacteria; G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints; G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Gamma Rays; Gastrectomy; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors; Gefitinib; Gels; Gemcitabine; Gene Amplification; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Gene-Environment Interaction; Genotype; Germany; Glioma; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glucagon; Glucocorticoids; Glycemic Control; Glycerol; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Glycolipids; Glycolysis; Goblet Cells; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; Graphite; Greenhouse Effect; Guanidines; Haemophilus influenzae; HCT116 Cells; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Personnel; Health Services Accessibility; Health Services Needs and Demand; Health Status Disparities; Healthy Volunteers; Heart Failure; Heart Rate; Heart Transplantation; Heart-Assist Devices; HEK293 Cells; Heme; Heme Oxygenase-1; Hemolysis; Hemorrhage; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B e Antigens; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Hepatocytes; Hexoses; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Hippo Signaling Pathway; Histamine; Histamine Agonists; Histidine; Histone Deacetylase 2; HIV Infections; HIV Reverse Transcriptase; HIV-1; Homebound Persons; Homeodomain Proteins; Homosexuality, Male; Hospice and Palliative Care Nursing; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; Humans; Hyaluronan Receptors; Hydrogen; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hypoxia; Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Imatinib Mesylate; Immunotherapy; Implementation Science; Incidence; INDEL Mutation; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Industrial Waste; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Infliximab; Infusions, Intravenous; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Injections; Insecticides; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-8; Internship and Residency; Intestines; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Ion Transport; Iridaceae; Iridoid Glucosides; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation; Isodon; Isoflurane; Isotopes; Italy; Joint Instability; Ketamine; Kidney; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kidney Function Tests; Kidney Neoplasms; Kinetics; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Knee Joint; Kruppel-Like Factor 4; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; Lactate Dehydrogenase 5; Laparoscopy; Laser Therapy; Lasers, Semiconductor; Lasers, Solid-State; Laurates; Lead; Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Light; Lipid Peroxidation; Lipopolysaccharides; Liposomes; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Neoplasms; Liver Transplantation; Locomotion; Longitudinal Studies; Lopinavir; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms; Lubricants; Lung; 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Molecular Structure; Molecular Weight; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Multimodal Imaging; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscular Diseases; Mutation; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Myocardial Stunning; Myristates; NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone); Nanocomposites; Nanogels; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Naphthalenes; Nasal Cavity; National Health Programs; Necrosis; Needs Assessment; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Neonicotinoids; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Proteins; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasm Staging; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Netherlands; Neuroblastoma; Neuroprotective Agents; Neutrophils; NF-kappa B; NFATC Transcription Factors; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nitrates; Nitrification; Nitrites; Nitro Compounds; Nitrogen; Nitrogen Dioxide; North Carolina; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Nuclear Proteins; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Nucleosomes; Nutrients; Obesity; Obesity, Morbid; Oceans and Seas; Oncogene Protein v-akt; Oncogenes; Oocytes; Open Reading Frames; Osteoclasts; Osteogenesis; Osteoporosis; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Outpatients; Ovarian Neoplasms; Ovariectomy; Overweight; Oxazines; Oxidants; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Oxides; Oxidoreductases; Oxygen; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; Oxygenators, Membrane; Ozone; Paclitaxel; Paenibacillus; Pain Measurement; Palliative Care; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pandemics; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Particulate Matter; Pasteurization; Patient Preference; Patient Satisfaction; Pediatric Obesity; Permeability; Peroxiredoxins; Peroxynitrous Acid; Pharmaceutical Services; Pharmacists; Pharmacy; Phaseolus; Phenotype; Phoeniceae; Phosphates; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Phospholipid Transfer Proteins; Phospholipids; Phosphorus; Phosphorylation; Photoperiod; Photosynthesis; Phylogeny; Physical Endurance; Physicians; Pilot Projects; Piperidines; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plant Proteins; Plant Roots; Plaque, Atherosclerotic; Pneumonia; Pneumonia, Viral; Point-of-Care Testing; Polyethylene Glycols; Polymers; Polysorbates; Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Postprandial Period; Poverty; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis; Prediabetic State; Predictive Value of Tests; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Pregnancy, High-Risk; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Pressure; Prevalence; Primary Graft Dysfunction; Primary Health Care; Professional Role; Professionalism; Prognosis; Progression-Free Survival; Prolactin; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Proof of Concept Study; Proportional Hazards Models; Propylene Glycol; Prospective Studies; Prostate; Protein Binding; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein Isoforms; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Protein Phosphatase 2; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Protein Transport; Proteoglycans; Proteome; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); Proton Pumps; Protons; Protoporphyrins; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Pulmonary Artery; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Pulmonary Gas Exchange; Pulmonary Veins; Pyrazoles; Pyridines; Pyrimidines; Qualitative Research; Quinoxalines; Rabbits; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Histamine H3; Receptors, Immunologic; Receptors, Transferrin; Recombinant Proteins; Recurrence; Reference Values; Referral and Consultation; Regional Blood Flow; Registries; Regulon; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Reperfusion Injury; Repressor Proteins; Reproducibility of Results; Republic of Korea; Research Design; Resistance Training; Respiration, Artificial; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Respiratory Insufficiency; Resuscitation; Retinal Dehydrogenase; Retreatment; Retrospective Studies; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Rhinitis, Allergic; Ribosomal Proteins; Ribosomes; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Ritonavir; Rivers; RNA Interference; RNA-Seq; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; RNA, Small Interfering; Rosuvastatin Calcium; Rural Population; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Salivary Ducts; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; San Francisco; SARS-CoV-2; Satiation; Satiety Response; Schools; Schools, Pharmacy; Seasons; Seawater; Selection, Genetic; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Serine-Threonine Kinase 3; Sewage; Sheep; Sheep, Domestic; Shock, Hemorrhagic; Signal Transduction; Silver; Silymarin; Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Computed Tomography; Sirolimus; Sirtuin 1; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Social Class; Social Participation; Social Support; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Solutions; Somatomedins; Soot; Specimen Handling; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Spectrum Analysis; Spinal Fractures; Spirometry; Staphylococcus aureus; STAT1 Transcription Factor; STAT3 Transcription Factor; Streptomyces coelicolor; Stress, Psychological; Stroke; Stroke Volume; Structure-Activity Relationship; Students, Medical; Students, Pharmacy; Substance Abuse Treatment Centers; Sulfur Dioxide; Surface Properties; Surface-Active Agents; Surveys and Questionnaires; Survival Analysis; Survival Rate; Survivin; Sweden; Swine; Swine, Miniature; Sympathetic Nervous System; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Talaromyces; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; tau Proteins; Telemedicine; Telomerase; Telomere; Telomere Homeostasis; Temperature; Terminally Ill; Th1 Cells; Thiamethoxam; Thiazoles; Thiophenes; Thioredoxin Reductase 1; Thrombosis; Thulium; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic; Thyroid Neoplasms; Time Factors; Titanium; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Transcription Factor AP-1; Transcription Factors; Transcription, Genetic; Transcriptional Activation; Transcriptome; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Transistors, Electronic; Translational Research, Biomedical; Transplantation Tolerance; Transplantation, Homologous; Transportation; Treatment Outcome; Tretinoin; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Tubulin Modulators; Tumor Microenvironment; Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Twins; Ultrasonic Therapy; Ultrasonography; Ultraviolet Rays; United States; Up-Regulation; Uranium; Urethra; Urinary Bladder; Urodynamics; Uromodulin; Uveitis; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Ventricular Function, Left; Vero Cells; Vesicular Transport Proteins; Viral Nonstructural Proteins; Visual Acuity; Vital Capacity; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin K 2; Vitamins; Volatilization; Voriconazole; Waiting Lists; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Wastewater; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Whole Genome Sequencing; Wine; Wnt Signaling Pathway; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries; WW Domains; X-linked Nuclear Protein; X-Ray Diffraction; Xanthines; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; YAP-Signaling Proteins; Yogurt; Young Adult; Zebrafish; Zebrafish Proteins; Ziziphus

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a novel respiratory illness firstly reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It is caused by a new corona virus, called MERS corona virus (MERS-CoV). Most people who have MERS-CoV infection developed severe acute respiratory illness.. This work is done to determine the clinical characteristics and the outcome of intensive care unit (ICU) admitted patients with confirmed MERS-CoV infection.. This study included 32 laboratory confirmed MERS corona virus infected patients who were admitted into ICU. It included 20 (62.50%) males and 12 (37.50%) females. The mean age was 43.99 ± 13.03 years. Diagnosis was done by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) test for corona virus on throat swab, sputum, tracheal aspirate, or bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. Clinical characteristics, co-morbidities and outcome were reported for all subjects.. Most MERS corona patients present with fever, cough, dyspnea, sore throat, runny nose and sputum. The presence of abdominal symptoms may indicate bad prognosis. Prolonged duration of symptoms before patients' hospitalization, prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation and hospital stay, bilateral radiological pulmonary infiltrates, and hypoxemic respiratory failure were found to be strong predictors of mortality in such patients. Also, old age, current smoking, smoking severity, presence of associated co-morbidities like obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronic heart diseases, COPD, malignancy, renal failure, renal transplantation and liver cirrhosis are associated with a poor outcome of ICU admitted MERS corona virus infected patients.. Plasma HO-1, ferritin, p21, and NQO1 were all elevated at baseline in CKD participants. Plasma HO-1 and urine NQO1 levels each inversely correlated with eGFR (. SnPP can be safely administered and, after its injection, the resulting changes in plasma HO-1, NQO1, ferritin, and p21 concentrations can provide information as to antioxidant gene responsiveness/reserves in subjects with and without kidney disease.. A Study with RBT-1, in Healthy Volunteers and Subjects with Stage 3-4 Chronic Kidney Disease, NCT0363002 and NCT03893799.. HFNC did not significantly modify work of breathing in healthy subjects. However, a significant reduction in the minute volume was achieved, capillary [Formula: see text] remaining constant, which suggests a reduction in dead-space ventilation with flows > 20 L/min. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT02495675).. 3 组患者手术时间、术中显性失血量及术后 1 周血红蛋白下降量比较差异均无统计学意义（. 对于肥胖和超重的膝关节单间室骨关节炎患者，采用 UKA 术后可获满意短中期疗效，远期疗效尚需进一步随访观察。.. Decreased muscle strength was identified at both time points in patients with hEDS/HSD. The evolution of most muscle strength parameters over time did not significantly differ between groups. Future studies should focus on the effectiveness of different types of muscle training strategies in hEDS/HSD patients.. These findings support previous adverse findings of e-cigarette exposure on neurodevelopment in a mouse model and provide substantial evidence of persistent adverse behavioral and neuroimmunological consequences to adult offspring following maternal e-cigarette exposure during pregnancy. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6067.. This RCT directly compares a neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen with a standard CROSS regimen in terms of overall survival for patients with locally advanced ESCC. The results of this RCT will provide an answer for the controversy regarding the survival benefits between the two treatment strategies.. NCT04138212, date of registration: October 24, 2019.. Results of current investigation indicated that milk type and post fermentation cooling patterns had a pronounced effect on antioxidant characteristics, fatty acid profile, lipid oxidation and textural characteristics of yoghurt. Buffalo milk based yoghurt had more fat, protein, higher antioxidant capacity and vitamin content. Antioxidant and sensory characteristics of T. If milk is exposed to excessive amounts of light, Vitamins B. The two concentration of ZnO nanoparticles in the ambient air produced two different outcomes. The lower concentration resulted in significant increases in Zn content of the liver while the higher concentration significantly increased Zn in the lungs (p < 0.05). Additionally, at the lower concentration, Zn content was found to be lower in brain tissue (p < 0.05). Using TEM/EDX we detected ZnO nanoparticles inside the cells in the lungs, kidney and liver. Inhaling ZnO NP at the higher concentration increased the levels of mRNA of the following genes in the lungs: Mt2 (2.56 fold), Slc30a1 (1.52 fold) and Slc30a5 (2.34 fold). At the lower ZnO nanoparticle concentration, only Slc30a7 mRNA levels in the lungs were up (1.74 fold). Thus the two air concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles produced distinct effects on the expression of the Zn-homeostasis related genes.. Until adverse health effects of ZnO nanoparticles deposited in organs such as lungs are further investigated and/or ruled out, the exposure to ZnO nanoparticles in aerosols should be avoided or minimised.

Topics: A549 Cells; Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine; Acinetobacter baumannii; Acute Lung Injury; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Adenine; Adenocarcinoma; Adipogenesis; Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Ophthalmic; Adolescent; Adsorption; Adult; Aeromonas hydrophila; Aerosols; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Agriculture; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Airway Remodeling; Alanine Transaminase; Albuminuria; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; Algorithms; AlkB Homolog 2, Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase; Alzheimer Disease; Amino Acid Sequence; Ammonia; Ammonium Compounds; Anaerobiosis; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antifungal Agents; Antigens, Bacterial; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Antioxidants; Antitubercular Agents; Antiviral Agents; Apolipoproteins E; Apoptosis; Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Arsenic; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Asthma; Atherosclerosis; ATP-Dependent Proteases; Attitude of Health Personnel; Australia; Austria; Autophagy; Axitinib; Bacteria; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bariatric Surgery; Base Composition; Bayes Theorem; Benzoxazoles; Benzylamines; beta Catenin; Betacoronavirus; Betula; Binding Sites; Biological Availability; Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy; Bioreactors; Biosensing Techniques; Birth Weight; Blindness; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Blood-Brain Barrier; Blotting, Western; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Bone Resorption; Borates; Brain; Brain Infarction; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Brain Neoplasms; Breakfast; Breast Milk Expression; Breast Neoplasms; Bronchi; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Buffaloes; Cadherins; Calcification, Physiologic; Calcium Compounds; Calcium, Dietary; Cannula; Caprolactam; Carbon; Carbon Dioxide; Carboplatin; Carcinogenesis; Carcinoma, Ductal; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carps; Carrageenan; Case-Control Studies; Catalysis; Catalytic Domain; Cattle; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cell Adhesion; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cell Death; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Nucleus; Cell Phone Use; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cell Transformation, Viral; Cells, Cultured; Cellulose; Chemical Phenomena; Chemoradiotherapy; Child; Child Development; Child, Preschool; China; Chitosan; Chlorocebus aethiops; Cholecalciferol; Chromatography, Liquid; Circadian Clocks; Circadian Rhythm; Circular Dichroism; Cisplatin; Citric Acid; Clinical Competence; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Coculture Techniques; Cohort Studies; Cold Temperature; Colitis; Collagen Type I; Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain; Collagen Type XI; Color; Connective Tissue Diseases; Copper; Coronary Angiography; Coronavirus 3C Proteases; Coronavirus Infections; Cost of Illness; Counselors; COVID-19; COVID-19 Testing; Creatine Kinase; Creatinine; Cross-Over Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cryoelectron Microscopy; Cryosurgery; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cues; Cultural Competency; Cultural Diversity; Curriculum; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; Cycloparaffins; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Cytokines; Cytoplasm; Cytoprotection; Databases, Factual; Denitrification; Deoxycytidine; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; 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To compare the effects of two interval exercises with different intensities on acute inflammatory response in lean and overweight-obese subjects.. Ten lean (BMI<24.9kg/m(2)) and 12 overweight-obese (BMI 25 to <34.9kg/m(2)) males performed two conditions in randomly assigned: (1) high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) 10×60s (85-90%PMax)/75s (50%PMax); (2) moderate intensity interval exercise (MIIE) 10×60s (70-75%PMax)/60s (50%PMax), with blood collections at pre, immediately and 30min post each exercise bouts to evaluate total and differential leukocyte counts, serum creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and systemic levels of IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17a and CCL2.. In lean group, HIIE induced a significant increase in total leukocytes and monocyte, while MIIE session did not change the number of leukocytes. Overweight-obese group presented similar increase in leukocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes in both HIIE and MIIE sessions. At baseline, overweight-obese group showed high levels of CK, IL-8, IL-6 and CCL2 and lower concentrations of IL-10 compared to lean group. The MIIE did not alter the cytokine concentrations in both groups, independently of the time analysis. The HIIE induced significant decrease in IL-8 levels 30min post session in both the groups, and a progressive elevation in IL-10 levels immediately and 30min post in lean and overweight-obese. Regarding IL-6, overweight-obese subjects presented progressive increase either immediately and 30min after HIIE, while lean individuals presented significant increase only 30min after exercise.. The acute inflammatory response to interval exercise is intensity-dependent. Although obesity influences the basal concentrations of several cytokines, only HIIE induced important alterations in IL-8 and IL-10 levels, which may have important implications in the control of chronic low-grade inflammation in obesity.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Body Mass Index; Chemokine CCL2; Creatine Kinase; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Exercise; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukocyte Count; Male; Obesity; Overweight; Time Factors; Young Adult

Postprandial state is characterized by metabolic changes which may elevate circulating inflammatory biomarkers, used to assess cardiometabolic risk. It is unclear if biological benefits of certain food components could be obtained by a short-term change in a single meal of Brazilian's habitual diet. We investigated the postprandial effects of 2 fat tolerance tests (FTT) with different isocaloric meals (a typical Brazilian and a modified meal) differing by type of fatty acids and fiber contents, prior to and after breakfast interventions.. This crossover clinical trial included 80 overweight individuals with at least one cardiometabolic risk factor, (35-69 years) who received two isocaloric breakfast interventions for 4 weeks, with a 2-week washout. The Brazilian breakfast was saturated fat-enriched while the modified one was rich in unsaturated fatty acids and fibers. Before and after intervention periods, individuals underwent two FTT with meals with similar composition to the interventions breakfasts but higher energy content. Variables were compared by repeated-measures ANOVA. Correlations were assessed by Pearson's coefficient.. At the end of both interventions, participants did not change plasma glucose or triglycerides. The higher IL-6 and IL-8 responses to the FTT with the Brazilian meal compared to that with the modified meal was accentuated after the interventions (p-diet <0.01; p-time <0.01). Acutely, E-selectin, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-17 concentrations did not increase in response to the FTTs, but showed higher values only after the Brazilian intervention. In contrast, intervention with the modified breakfast induced reductions in fasting and postprandial cytokines (p-diet <0.01). Changes in MUFA and PUFA intakes were inversely correlated to changes in inflammatory markers, while changes in saturated fat intake were directly correlated to IFN-γ and IL-6.. Isocaloric meals with distinct nutrient composition elicit different postprandial inflammatory responses after a relatively short intervention in a single meal. Each saturated fat-enriched meal consumed, as well as each unsaturated fat and fiber-enriched meal may induce pro- or anti-inflammatory responses that could impact on the cardiometabolic risk profile.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Brazil; Breakfast; Cross-Over Studies; Cytokines; Dietary Fats; Dietary Fiber; Energy Intake; Fasting; Fatty Acids; Heart Diseases; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Metabolic Diseases; Middle Aged; Overweight; Postprandial Period; Risk Factors; Triglycerides

Fibre intake among North Americans is currently less than half the recommended amount. Consumers are interested in food products that could promote weight loss and improve health. Consequently, evaluation of unique fibre sources with potential gut-mediated benefits for metabolic health warrants investigation. Our objective is to assess the effects of yellow pea fibre supplementation on weight loss and gut microbiota in an overweight and obese adult population.. In a double blind, placebo controlled, parallel group study, overweight and obese (BMI = 25-38) adults will be randomized to either a 15 g/d yellow pea fibre supplemented group or isocaloric placebo group for 12 weeks (n = 30/group). The primary outcome measure is a change in body fat from baseline to 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes include glucose tolerance, appetite regulation, serum lipids and inflammatory markers. Anthropometric data (height, weight, BMI, and waist circumference) and food intake (by 3-day weighed food records) will be measured at baseline and every 4 weeks thereafter. Subjective ratings of appetite will be recorded by participants at home on a weekly basis using validated visual analogue scales. At week 0 and at the end of the study (week 12), an ad libitum lunch buffet protocol for objective food intake measures and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan for body composition will be completed. Participants will be instructed not to change their exercise habits during the 12 week study. Glucose and insulin will be measured during an oral glucose tolerance test at weeks 0 and 12. Levels of lipids and CRP will be measured and inflammatory markers (adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8) in the serum will be quantified using Milliplex kits. Mechanisms related to changes in gut microbiota, serum and fecal water metabolomics will be assessed.. Globally the development of functional foods and functional food ingredients are critically needed to curb the rise in metabolic disease. This project will assess the potential of yellow pea fibre to improve weight control via gut-mediated changes in metabolic health in overweight and obese adults.. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01719900) Registered October 23, 2012.

Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adiponectin; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Appetite; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Intestines; Leptin; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Obesity; Overweight; Pisum sativum; Treatment Outcome; Triglycerides; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Weight Loss; Young Adult

To determine the independent effect of long-term physical activity (PA) and the combined effects of long-term PA and weight loss (WL) on inflammation in overweight and obese older adults.. Eighteen-month randomized, controlled trial.. The community infrastructure of cooperative extension centers.. Overweight and obese (body mass index >28.0 kg/m(2) ) community-dwelling men and women aged 60 to 79 at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).. Physical activity + weight loss (PA + WL) (n = 98), PA only (n = 97), or successful aging (SA) health education (n = 93) intervention.. Biomarkers of inflammation (adiponectin, leptin, high-sensitivity interleukin (hsIL)-6, IL-6sR, IL-8, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1) were measured at baseline and 6 and 18 months.. After adjustment for baseline biomarker, wave, sex, and visit, leptin and hsIL-6 showed a significant intervention effect. Specifically, leptin was significantly lower in the PA + WL group (21.3 ng/mL, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 19.7-22.9 ng/mL) than in the PA (29.3 ng/mL, 95% CI = 26.9-31.8 ng/mL) or SA (30.3 ng/mL, 95% CI = 27.9-32.8 ng/mL) group (both P < .001), and hsIL-6 was significantly lower in the PA + WL group (2.1 pg/mL, 95% CI = 1.9-2.3 pg/mL) than in the PA (2.5 pg/mL, 95% CI = 2.3-2.7 pg/mL) or SA (2.4 pg/mL, 95% CI = 2.2-2.6 pg/mL) group (P = .02).. Addition of dietary-induced WL to PA reduced leptin and hsIL-6 more than PA alone and more than a SA intervention in older adults at risk for CVD. Results suggest that WL, rather than increased PA, is the lifestyle factor primarily responsible for improvement in the inflammatory profile.

Topics: Adiponectin; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Biomarkers; Community Health Centers; Diet, Reducing; Exercise; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Leptin; Male; Middle Aged; North Carolina; Obesity; Overweight; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; Treatment Outcome; Weight Loss

Prognostic biomarkers are needed to identify children at increased cardiometabolic risk. The objective was to study whether markers of metabolism and inflammation, for example, circulating plasma adiponectin, leptin, interleukin-8, and hepatocyte growth factor, are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood and adolescence. This was a cross-sectional and prospective study, and the setting was the Danish part of the European Youth Heart Studies I and II. Participants were randomly selected girls and boys 8 to 10 years of age with complete baseline data (n = 256) and complete follow-up data 6 years later (n = 169). Cardiometabolic risk profile was calculated using a continuous composite score derived from summing of 6 factors standardized to the sample means (Z scores): body mass index, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, total serum cholesterol to serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, serum triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, and the reciprocal value of fitness (maximum watts per kilogram). Overweight was defined using international classification of body mass index cutoff points for children. Plasma adiponectin, leptin, interleukin-8, and hepatocyte growth factor were assessed using immunochemical assays. Linear relationships were found between metabolic risk score and both plasma adiponectin (inverse, P = .02) and plasma leptin (P < .0001) at baseline after adjustment for several confounders. In overweight but not normal-weight children, plasma adiponectin at baseline was inversely associated with metabolic risk score 6 years later (P = .04). In childhood, both hypoadiponectinemia and hyperleptinemia accompany a negative metabolic risk profile. In addition, circulating plasma adiponectin may be a useful biomarker to identify overweight children at greater future risk of the cardiometabolic adverse effects of overweight.

Topics: Adiponectin; Adolescent; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Child; Cytokines; Denmark; Disease Progression; Female; Hepatocyte Growth Factor; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Interleukin-8; Leptin; Lipids; Male; Metabolic Diseases; Overweight; Regression Analysis; Risk Assessment

Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the atherosclerotic process, and some chemokines seem to be crucial in the pathogenesis of vascular damage. High-serum homocysteine, recently recognized as an independent risk factor for vascular disease might increase cytokine and chemokine levels, thus amplifying endothelial damage; moreover, it might worse insulin resistance, thus further contributing to enhance cardiovascular risk. The effect of folic acid supplementation in improving in vivo endothelial function is still debated. In this study, we investigated the effect of folic acid supplementation on insulin sensitivity and peripheral markers of inflammation in overweight healthy subjects.. The study was performed as an unmasked randomized placebo-controlled trial of 12 weeks duration.. Sixty healthy volunteers with normal glucose tolerance and BMI between 25 and 29 kg/m2 were enrolled.. Biochemical parameters and plasma concentrations of homocysteine and of some inflammatory molecules were measured at baseline and at the end of the study, together with an estimation of insulin sensitivity.. Subjects receiving folic acid supplementation showed a decrement of homocysteine and an amelioration of insulin sensitivity; this treatment was also associated with a significant drop in the circulating concentration of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-8 and C-reactive protein, in the absence of any significant variation of BMI or fat mass.. In healthy overweight subjects a short-term folic acid supplementation reduces the circulating level of some inflammatory mediators independently of weight change, thus suggesting a potential therapeutic role for folic acid in the protection from atherogenesis and cardiovascular diseases.

Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Cytokines; Dietary Supplements; Female; Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Humans; Inflammation; Insulin; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Overweight; Vitamin B Complex

Immune-modulating effects of CLA have been reported in animals, but results are inconsistent. In humans, CLA has shown no effects or only minor effects on immune function. The objective of this study was to evaluate the immune-modulating effects of 3 g cis-9,trans-11 (c9,t11) vs. trans-10,cis-12 (t10,c12) CLA isomers in a population with a high risk of coronary heart disease characterized by moderate overweight (body-mass index, 25-32.5 kg/m2) in combination with LDL-phenotype B (> or = 35% small LDL cholesterol, density > or = 1.040 g/mL). After a run-in period of 1 wk, 42 men and women were randomly allocated to the c9,t11 CLA group, the t10,c12 CLA group, or the placebo group. Effects of 13 wk of consumption of 3 g of CLA isomers on cytokine production by ex vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and whole blood, and on plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were evaluated. To generate hypotheses for future studies, protein expression patterns of 42 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors were evaluated with an antibody array in pooled, nonstimulated, fasting plasma samples. LPS induced interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by PBMC, and whole blood as well as plasma CRP concentrations were not significantly changed by the c9,t11 and the t10,c12 CLA isomers. The cytokine expression profile in nonstimulated plasma suggested that both CLA isomers induced a specific inflammatory signature, in which the c9,t11 CLA group showed more activity in terms of numbers of proteins regulated. We conclude that daily consumption of 3 g of c9,t11 or t10,c12 CLA isomer did not affect LPS-stimulated cytokine production by PBMC or whole blood and plasma CRP levels. Inflammatory signatures in fasting, nonstimulated plasma as determined by an antibody array may indicate enhanced immune function by both CLA isomers.

Topics: Adult; Aged; C-Reactive Protein; Case-Control Studies; Cells, Cultured; Chemokine CCL2; Female; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Isomerism; Leukocytes; Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; Lipoproteins, LDL; Male; Middle Aged; Overweight; Phenotype; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

A complex relationship of adipokines and cytokines with cardiovascular risk motivates the use of an integrated approach to identify early signs of adiposity-related inflammation. We compared the inflammatory profiles, including an integrated inflammatory score, and cardiovascular profiles of young adults who are living with overweight and/or obesity (OW/OB).. This cross-sectional study included 1194 men and women with a median age of 24.5 ± 3.12 years from the African Prospective study on the Early Detection and Identification of Cardiovascular disease and Hypertension (African-PREDICT). Participants were divided into approximate quartiles based on adiposity measures (body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio). We compared an integrated inflammatory score (including leptin, adiponectin, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, and tumour necrosis factor-α) as well as the individual inflammatory markers, between extreme quartiles. We also compared blood pressure measures, left ventricular mass index, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, and carotid intima-media thickness between these groups.. Individuals in the top quartile had worse inflammatory- and cardiovascular profiles as the integrated inflammatory score, leptin, interleukin-6, blood pressure measures, and left ventricular mass index were higher, while adiponectin was lower (all p ≤ 0.003). Unexpectedly, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was also lower (p < 0.001) in the top quartile. Exclusively in the top quartile, all adiposity measures related positively with the integrated inflammatory score and central systolic blood pressure (both r ≥ 0.24; p < 0.001), and negatively with interleukin-10 (all r ≤ -0.13; p < 0.03). Of these relationships, the correlations with the integrated inflammatory score were the strongest (p < 0.001). The percentage difference of being in the top quartile of all adiposity measures were higher for the inflammatory score (all ≥ 263 %), leptin (all ≥ 175 %), interleukin-6 (all ≥ 134 %), and tumour necrosis factor-α (all ≥ 26 %), and lower for adiponectin (all ≥ 57 %), interleukin-10 (all ≥ 9 %), and interleukin-8 (all ≥ 15 %) compared to being in the bottom quartile.. The inflammatory score, as a comprehensive marker of adiposity-related inflammation, is strongly related to adiposity and may be an indication of early cardiovascular risk in young adults; however, further work is required to establish the clinical use thereof.

Topics: Adiponectin; Adiposity; Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Leptin; Male; Obesity; Overweight; Prospective Studies; Pulse Wave Analysis; Risk Factors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Young Adult

Obesity and preeclampsia both involve a pathological inflammatory response, which may be how obesity increases preeclampsia risk. Previous studies have failed to assess robust measurements of inflammatory markers across gestation, specifically in overweight/ obese women in the context of preeclampsia.. We measured 20 inflammatory markers in plasma via multiplex assay (ThermoFisher Inflammation 20 plex Human ProcartaPlex Panel) across the three trimesters of pregnancy in an existing cohort of overweight and obese women who developed preeclampsia (n = 37) and without preeclampsia (n = 74). Mann-Whitney U tests examined differences in inflammatory marker concentrations between cases and controls. Repeated measures ANOVA tests were used to explore differences in inflammatory marker concentrations over time within cases and controls.. Pro-inflammatory markers (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-α, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, IL-12p70, IL-17α, TNF-α, IL-8) and anti-inflammatory markers (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13) were higher in the first and second trimester in participants who later developed preeclampsia compared to those who did not (p < .05). Only TNF-α and IL-8 remained elevated in the third trimester. Inflammatory markers did not change across pregnancy in preeclampsia cases but did increase across pregnancy in controls.. Our findings diverge from prior studies, predominantly of non-obese women, that report lower circulating concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines in preeclampsia versus normotensive pregnancy, particularly by late pregnancy. We posit that women with overweight and obesity who develop preeclampsia entered pregnancy with a heightened pro-inflammatory state likely related to obesity, which increased risk for preeclampsia. Further studies are needed to investigate if inflammatory maker profiles differ between obese and non-obese women.

Topics: Female; Humans; Interleukin-8; Obesity; Overweight; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by multiples respiratory symptoms; this is a polygenic entity that involves a complex interaction of environmental factors and inherent to the individual. To understand the development of asthma, some phenotypes have been proposed.. This work's purpose was to explore different molecules related to asthma development and to define each phenotype's specific characteristics.. 96 adult patients diagnosed with asthma before any treatment were enrolled in the protocol. Spirometric parameters, circulating leukocytes, serum IgE, body mass index, exhaled nitric oxide (FENO), and leukotrienes (LTB4) in urine were determined in each patient. The presence of asthma phenotypes proposed by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) were explored: A) Allergic asthma, B) Non-allergic asthma, C) Late-onset asthma, D) Asthma with persistent airflow limitation, and E) Asthma with overweight and obesity.. In the cohort analyzed, we found four of phenotypes proposed by GINA; however, these phenotypes overlapped, due to this, 4 groups were integrated with allergic, non-allergic and obese patients, which were the main phenotypes. The main overlap was that of patients not-obese allergic, and was characterized by earlier onset, elevated levels of IgE, LTB4 and inflammasome related cytokines. Non-allergic patients had a significant association between interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-18 binding protein (BP) with narrow ratio between these cytokines. Finally, LTB4 had remarkable capacity to discriminate between allergic and not allergic patients.. Asthmatic phenotypes exist as interrelated characteristics and not as discrete entities. High levels of leukotrienes and IgE are hallmarks in the allergic phenotype of asthma.

Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Asthma; Biomarkers; Cytokines; Eosinophils; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immunoglobulin E; Inflammasomes; Inflammation Mediators; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Interleukin-18; Interleukin-8; Leukotrienes; Male; Middle Aged; Overweight; Phenotype; Transforming Growth Factor beta

Elevated levels of IL-8 (CXCL8) in obesity have been linked with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The mechanisms that lead to the profound production of IL-8 in obesity remains to be understood. TNF-α and saturated free fatty acids (FFAs) are increased in obese humans and correlate with insulin resistance. Hence, we sought to investigate whether the cooccurrence of TNF-α and FFAs led to increase the production of IL-8 by human monocytes. We found that co-stimulation of human monocytes with palmitate and TNF-α led to increased IL-8 production as compared to those stimulated with palmitate or TNF-α alone. The synergistic production of IL-8 by TNF-α/palmitate was suppressed by neutralizing anti- Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) antibody and by genetic silencing of TLR4. Both MyD88-deficient and MyD88-competent cells responded comparably to TNF-α/Palmitate. However, TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon (TRIF) inhibition or interferon regulatory transcription factor 3 (IRF3) knockdown partly blocked the synergistic production of IL-8. Our human data show that increased adipose tissue TNF-α expression correlated positively with IL-8 expression (

Topics: Adult; Cell Line; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-8; Middle Aged; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; Overweight; Palmitates; Signal Transduction; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Overweight and obese children have an increased risk to develop cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in which thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) has been suggested as an intermediary factor. However, results of cross-sectional studies are inconclusive, and intervention studies investigating changes in TSH concentrations in association with changes in cardiovascular risk parameters in overweight and obese children are scarce.. To gain insight in associations of circulating TSH concentrations and cardiovascular risk parameters in overweight and obese children.. Nonrandomized lifestyle intervention.. Centre for Overweight Adolescent and Children's Healthcare.. Three hundred thirty euthyroid overweight and obese children.. Long-term lifestyle intervention.. TSH concentrations, pituitary TSH release in response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), and cardiovascular risk parameters.. At baseline, serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triacylglycerol (TAG), and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 concentrations were significantly associated with serum TSH concentrations. TSH release by the pituitary in response to exogenous TRH was not associated with cardiovascular risk parameters. During lifestyle intervention, several cardiovascular risk parameters significantly improved. In children whose body mass index z score improved, changes in TSH concentrations were significantly associated with changes in TC, LDL-C, and TAG concentrations.. In euthyroid overweight and obese children, circulating TSH concentrations are positively associated with markers representing increased CVD risk. Changes in TSH concentrations are also associated with changes in lipid concentrations in children with successful weight loss, which is consistent with TSH being an intermediary factor in modulating lipid and lipoprotein metabolism.

Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chemokine CCL2; Child; Child, Preschool; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, LDL; Female; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Life Style; Male; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity; Risk; Thyrotropin; Triglycerides; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; Weight Reduction Programs

Serum inflammatory markers could help to identify those boys with overweight (OWB) who gain weight more extensively during puberty. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal changes in different serum inflammatory markers through puberty in boys with different BMI values and increments.. Twenty-six OWB and 29 normal-weight boys (NWB) were followed yearly for 3 years to measure changes in BMI and serum concentrations of 12 inflammatory markers.. OWB had higher (P < 0.033) baseline interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-1α concentrations in comparison with NWB. Over the 3-year period, IFN-γ (P = 0.0001) and TNF-α (P = 0.0042) decreased more in OWB compared to NWB. Serum IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and leptin increased further in those OWB who gained BMI more extensively through puberty compared to OWB who gained weight at slower rates (P < 0.033).. Serum IFN-γ and TNF-α levels decreased more during pubertal years in OWB compared to NWB, indicating that pubertal maturation itself may have a favorable impact on the inflammation of obesity. Serum IL-8, MCP-1, and leptin could help to identify OWB who gain BMI more extensively during pubertal years.

Topics: Adolescent; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Chemokine CCL2; Estonia; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-1alpha; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Leptin; Male; Overweight; Puberty; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Endometrium in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) presents altered gene expression indicating progesterone resistance and predisposing to reduced endometrial receptivity and endometrial cancer.. We hypothesized that an altered endocrine/metabolic environment in PCOS may result in an endometrial "disease phenotype" affecting the gene expression of different endometrial cell populations, including stem cells and their differentiated progeny.. This was a prospective study conducted at an academic medical center.. Proliferative-phase endometrium was obtained from 6 overweight/obese PCOS (National Institutes of Health criteria) and 6 overweight/obese controls. Microarray analysis was performed on fluorescence-activated cell sorting-isolated endometrial epithelial cells (eEPs), endothelial cells, stromal fibroblasts (eSFs), and mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs). Gene expression data were validated using microfluidic quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.. The comparison between eEP(PCOS) and eEP(Ctrl) showed dysregulation of inflammatory genes and genes with oncogenic potential (CCL2, IL-6, ORM1, TNAIFP6, SFRP4, SPARC). eSF(PCOS) and eSF(Ctrl) showed up-regulation of inflammatory genes (C4A/B, CCL2, ICAM1, TNFAIP3). Similarly, in eMSC(PCOS) vs eMSC(Ctrl), the most up-regulated genes were related to inflammation and cancer (IL-8, ICAM1, SPRR3, LCN2). Immunohistochemistry scoring showed increased expression of CCL2 in eEP(PCOS) and eSF(PCOS) compared with eEP(Ctrl) and eSF(Ctrl) and IL-6 in eEP(PCOS) compared with eEP(Ctrl).. Isolated endometrial cell populations in women with PCOS showed altered gene expression revealing inflammation and prooncogenic changes, independent of body mass index, especially in eEP(PCOS) and eMSC(PCOS), compared with controls. The study reveals an endometrial disease phenotype in women with PCOS with potential negative effects on endometrial function and long-term health.

Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Cell Proliferation; Endometrium; Female; Gene Expression; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Obesity; Overweight; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Up-Regulation

A conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) depletion-repletion study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary c9,t11 CLA on C-reactive protein, transcription factor NFκB, metalloproteinases 2 and 9, inflammatory mediators (adiponectin, TNFα, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10), body composition, and erythrocyte membrane composition in healthy normal-weight human adults. CLA depletion was achieved through an 8-week period of restricted dairy fat intake (depletion phase; CLA intake was 5.2±5.8 mg/day), followed by an 8-week period in which individuals consumed 20 g/day of butter naturally enriched with c9,t11 CLA (repletion phase; CLA intake of 1020±167 mg/day). The participants were 29 healthy adult volunteers (19 women and 10 men, aged 22 to 36 years), with body mass index between 18.0 and 29.9 kg m(-2). Blood samples were collected at baseline and at the end of both depletion and repletion phases. The content of CLA in erythrocytes decreased during CLA-depletion and increased during CLA-repletion. Intake of CLA-enriched butter increased the serum levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 but reduced transcription factor NFκB in blood and serum levels of TNFα, IL-2, IL-8 and inactive metalloproteinase-9. Moreover, reduced activity of metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in serum was observed during the CLA-repletion period. In contrast, intake of CLA-enriched butter had no effects on body composition (DXA analysis) as well as on serum levels of adiponectin, C-reactive protein, and IL-4. Taken together, our results indicate that the intake of a c9,t11 CLA-enriched butter by normal-weight subjects induces beneficial changes in immune modulators associated with sub-clinical inflammation in overweight individuals.

Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Butter; C-Reactive Protein; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Immunomodulation; Inflammation; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-2; Interleukin-4; Interleukin-8; Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; NF-kappa B; Overweight; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Young Adult

Many inflammation parameters are associated with obesity, but few comparable data are found in youth. This study aims to characterize the differences in serum levels of 13 biochemical inflammatory markers between boys with increased BMI and boys with normal BMI, and examine the relationships between inflammation markers, skinfold thicknesses, and body composition.. The participants were 38 boys (BMI above 85th percentile) and 38 boys (normal BMI) at the age of 10-11 years. Measurements included BMI, 9 skinfold thicknesses, waist and hip circumferences, and total body and trunk fat mass and percentage as indices of obesity, fasting insulin, glucose, and serum concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, VEGF, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), epidermal growth factor, and CRP.. Overweight boys (OWB) were taller and more frequently in puberty than normal-weight boys (NWB). Skinfold thicknesses and body composition parameters were higher in OWB. They had significantly higher serum IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ, MCP-1, and CRP values compared to NWB.. Six of 13 measured biochemical markers were significantly increased in OWB, indicating that many low-grade inflammatory processes are already involved in the development of obesity in childhood.

Topics: Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Case-Control Studies; Chemokine CCL2; Child; Humans; Ideal Body Weight; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Male; Obesity; Overweight; Skinfold Thickness

Biomarkers of metabolism and inflammation may predict children with increased diabetes risk.. To study plasma adiponectin, leptin, IL-8, and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in childhood and their independent associations with insulin insensitivity, cross-sectional and in 6-yr prospective.. Danish 8- to 10-yr-olds and 14- to 16-yr-olds from the European Youth Heart Studies I and II.. Cross-sectional (n = 386) and prospective (n = 246) linear regressions of baseline concentrations of plasma biomarkers and insulin insensitivity at baseline and 6 yr later. Adjustments were made at four progressive steps for sex, sexual maturity, body mass index (BMI), other biomarkers, physical activity, and school location as well as baseline insulin insensitivity in prospective analyses. Insulin insensitivity was measured using homeostasis model assessment standardized to the sample mean [homoestasis model assessment (HOMA) Z-scores]. Plasma biomarkers were quantified using solid-phase protein immunoassays. Overweight was defined as the highest BMI tertile.. Among overweight but not lean children at baseline, one SD difference in baseline plasma adiponectin was associated with -0.41 SD difference in HOMA Z-scores 6 yr later (p = 0.006). At baseline, one SD difference in plasma leptin was associated with 0.36 SD difference in HOMA Z-scores (p =< 0.0001) among 8- to 10-yr-olds, but a prospective association was not found.. We found a direct relationship between childhood hypo-adiponectinaemia and insulin insensitivity in adolescence. This association was stronger for overweight than for normal weight children. Hyper-leptinaemia was associated with concurrent insulin insensitivity at baseline but not 6 yr later.

Topics: Adiponectin; Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Down-Regulation; Female; Hepatocyte Growth Factor; Humans; Ideal Body Weight; Insulin Resistance; Interleukin-8; Leptin; Male; Overweight; Time Factors

To estimate the relationship between different adipokines and proinflammatory mediators in amniotic fluid and maternal body mass index (BMI), calculated as weight (kg)/height (m)2.. Seventy pregnant women who underwent amniocentesis for clinical reasons at 15-20 weeks of gestation were divided into two groups according to their BMI: a control group with normal weight (BMI 20-24.9, n=35) and a case group (BMI 25 or higher, n=35). The two groups were further divided into two subgroups: overweight (BMI 25-29.9, n=22) or obese (BMI 30 or more, n=13). Comparisons of amniotic fluid cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha, interleukin [IL]-8, IL-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, resistin, and leptin) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were performed. The relationships between variables and maternal BMI were also analyzed.. There were significant differences in amniotic fluid CRP and TNF-alpha levels among the studied groups: CRP, 0.018 (+/-0.010), 0.019 (+/-0.013), and 0.035 (+/-0.028) mg/dL (P=.007); and TNF-alpha, 3.98 (+/-1.63), 3.53 (+/-1.38), and 5.46 (+/-1.69) pg/mL (P=.003), for lean, overweight, and obese women, respectively. Both proinflammatory mediators increased in women with obesity compared with both overweight and normal women (P=.01 and P=.008 for CRP; P=.003 and P=.01 for TNF-alpha, respectively). There were significant correlations between maternal BMI and amniotic fluid CRP (r=0.396; P=.001), TNF-alpha (r=0.357; P=.003) and resistin (r=0.353; P=.003).. Amniotic fluid CRP and TNF-alpha levels are increased in obese women, and both are related to maternal BMI, which suggests in utero exposure to higher proinflammatory cytokines and mediators in fetuses of these women.. II.

Topics: Adult; Amniotic Fluid; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Chemokine CCL2; Cytokines; Female; Humans; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-8; Leptin; Obesity; Overweight; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Resistin; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Elevated plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), due to high fat intake and/or adipose tissue lipolysis, are a hallmark of the metabolic syndrome. We assessed whether certain plasma NEFA species contribute to the chronic low-grade inflammatory state seen in the metabolic syndrome. We determined the fasting plasma NEFA patterns of 75 overweight non-diabetic subjects and analysed their relationship with plasma inflammatory parameters. After adjustment for gender, age, body fat, and waist-hip ratio, no strong correlations of single NEFA species with leukocyte number, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were detected. However, oleate was negatively (r=-0.36, p=0.0015) and myristate (r=0.41, p=0.0003) as well as the omega3-polyunsaturated NEFA alpha-linolenate (r=0.37, p=0.0011), eicosapentaenoate (r=0.40, p=0.0003), and docosahexaenoate (r=0.40, p=0.0004) were positively associated with interleukin-8 concentrations. The other NEFA species as well as the total plasma NEFA concentration did not correlate with interleukin-8. The correlations of myristate, oleate, and the sum of all omega3-polyunsaturated NEFA with interleukin-8 were independent of plasma tumour necrosis factor-alpha and overall adiposity. Our data demonstrate close and selective associations of oleate, myristate, and omega3-polyunsaturated NEFA with plasma concentrations of the pro-inflammatory chemokine interleukin-8. Thus, these NEFA species may represent specific determinants of plasma interleukin-8.

Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Humans; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Overweight; Receptors, CCR2; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Waist-Hip Ratio