interleukin-8 and Ovarian-Cysts

Ovulation is considered an inflammatory, cytokine-mediated event. Cytokines, which are recognized as growth factors with immunoregulatory properties, are involved in many cellular processes at the ovarian level. In this sense, cytokines affect fertility and are involved in the development of different ovarian disorders such as bovine cystic ovarian disease (COD). Because it has been previously demonstrated that ovarian cells represent both sources and targets of cytokines, the aim of this study was to examine the expression of several cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-1RI, IL-1RII, IL-4 and IL-8, in ovarian follicular structures from cows with spontaneous COD. The protein expression of these cytokines was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-8 concentrations in follicular fluid (FF) and serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In granulosa and theca cells, IL-1RI, IL-1RII, IL-1RA and IL-4 expression levels were higher in cystic follicles than in the control dominant follicles. The serum and FF concentrations of IL-1β and IL-4 showed no differences between groups, whereas IL-8 concentration was detected only in FF of cysts from cows with COD. The FF and serum concentrations of IL-1β and IL-8 showed no significant differences, whereas IL-4 concentration was higher in FF than in serum in both the control and COD groups. These results evidenced an altered expression of cytokines in ovaries of cows with COD that could contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease.

Topics: Animals; Case-Control Studies; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Female; Follicular Fluid; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-4; Interleukin-8; Interleukins; Ovarian Cysts; Ovarian Follicle; Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type I; Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type II

The development of new biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian cancer may provide an opportunity for new therapies. In this study, we aimed to compare cytokines (interleukin [IL]-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor [TNF]-α) and nitric oxide (NO) metabolite levels in non-neoplastic tumours, benign primary ovarian tumours and malignant primary ovarian neoplasms. The secondary aim was to relate cytokine and intracystic NO metabolite levels to clinical, laboratory and pathologic characteristics for patients with primary ovarian malignancies. We evaluated 110 patients with adnexal masses. Cytokine concentrations were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and nitrate concentrations by enzymatic reduction of nitrite by nitrate reductase. Patients with malignant neoplasms had higher IL-6, IL-8 and NO levels compared to patients with benign neoplasms. Histologic grade 1 tumours were associated with elevated IL-2 levels, whereas anaemia was associated with elevated IL-6 levels. On average, those patients with elevated IL-8 levels also had a neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) greater than 2.6 and less than 36 months of disease-free survival (DFS). Patients with normal CA 19-9 levels had elevated IL-10 levels. TNF-α was elevated in patients with two carcinogenesis and those with a platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) less than 300. NO levels were higher in patients with an NLR less than 2.6 and CA 19-9 greater than 35 U/ml. Elevated intracystic cytokine levels, especially IL-6 and IL-8, are associated with worse prognosis in ovarian cancer.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinogenesis; Child; Female; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Middle Aged; Nitric Oxide; Ovarian Cysts; Ovarian Neoplasms; Ovary; Survival Analysis; Young Adult

Inflammatory mediators, including chemokines, may play crucial roles in the development of endometriosis. Therefore, we investigated the expression and localization of CXCL16 and its receptor, CXCR6, in ovarian endometriotic tissues. We also examined whether CXCL16 induces IL-8 production in endometriotic stromal cells.. We performed immunohistochemical and Western blotting analyses of in vivo and in vitro samples. IL-8 production was assayed using an ELISA.. Both CXCL16 and CXCR6 were expressed by endometriotic epithelial cells and stromal cells, but not normal ovarian stroma. A Western blotting analysis using primary cultured endometriotic stromal cells showed a constant expression of CXCL16 and CXCR6 in the proliferative phase, secretory phase and during gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy. CXCL16 induced IL-8 production in several endometriotic stromal cells in vitro.. CXCL16 and CXCR6 might be involved in the pathophysiology of endometriosis through regulation of the inflammatory response.

Topics: Adult; Blotting, Western; Chemokine CXCL16; Chemokines, CXC; Endometriosis; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Gene Expression; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Interleukin-8; Middle Aged; Ovarian Cysts; Receptors, Chemokine; Receptors, CXCR6; Receptors, Scavenger; Receptors, Virus; Stromal Cells

To determine whether interleukin-8 (IL-8) serum levels are correlated with pelvic pain in patients with ovarian endometriomas.. Prospective study.. Tertiary-care university hospital.. Interleukin-8 serum levels were prospectively analyzed in 51 patients (group A, asymptomatic patients or patients with mild dysmenorrhea; group B, severe dysmenorrhea and/or chronic pelvic pain and/or dyspareunia) who underwent surgery for cystic ovarian endometriosis to asses whether a correlation exists between IL-8 serum levels and pelvic pain.. Interleukin-8 serum levels determination.. Interleukin-8 serum levels and pelvic pain.. From 56 patients, five cases were ultimately excluded because the histologic diagnosis was not cystic ovarian endometriosis (2 teratomas and 3 haemorragic cysts). The mean (+/-SD) IL-8 serum levels in group A were 6.41 +/- 12.17 pg/mL and in group B were 6.52 +/- 8.73 pg/mL.. Pain symptoms in ovarian endometriosis is not correlated with IL-8 serum levels.

Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Chronic Disease; Dysmenorrhea; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Interleukin-8; Ovarian Cysts; Pelvic Pain; Prospective Studies

We previously reported that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-promoted endometriotic stromal cell (ESC) proliferation by inducing TNFalpha production. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of TNFalpha gene silencing on LPS-treated ESCs.. Endometriotic stromal cells (ESCs) and endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) (EMSCs) were obtained from ovarian chocolate cysts and uterine myoma, respectively. Using PCR array, LPS-induced gene expression profiling after transfection of TNFalpha siRNA into ESCs was performed. Down-regulated genes by TNFalpha silencing were examined using real-time RT-PCR. Effect of TNFalpha silencing was examined using ELISA and BrdU incorporation, respectively.. In PCR array, TNFalpha silencing in ESCs repressed LPS-induced expression of cIAP2 and IL-8, NFkappaB pathway responsive genes. After adding LPS, the levels of cIAP2 and IL-8 expression in ESCs were higher compared with those in EMSCs. TNFalpha silencing attenuated the LPS-induced ESC proliferation.. Tumor necrosis factor alpha may be involved in cell proliferation of endometriotic tissues.

Topics: Apoptosis; Baculoviral IAP Repeat-Containing 3 Protein; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Endometriosis; Endometrium; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Silencing; Humans; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; Interleukin-8; Leiomyoma; Lipopolysaccharides; NF-kappa B; Ovarian Cysts; Ovarian Diseases; RNA, Small Interfering; Signal Transduction; Stromal Cells; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; Uterine Neoplasms

Altered expression of cytokines has been suggested as a specific event for the maintenance and progression of endometriomas. Few data exist on cytokine expression in endometriomas compared with benign and malignant ovarian tumours. Hence, serum and cyst fluid levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were evaluated in women with endometriomas and compared with those in women with benign or malignant ovarian tumours.. Investigations included immunoradiometric determination of serum and cyst fluid concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha in 34 women with endometriomas, 30 women with benign and 13 women with malignant cystic ovarian tumours.. Serum IL-6 levels were higher in ovarian cancer than in endometriomas (P<0.01) or benign tumours (P<0.01). Serum TNF-alpha levels differed between benign tumours and endometriomas (P<0.01), but not between endometriomas and malignant tumours. Cyst fluid levels of IL-8 were higher in endometriomas than in benign tumours (P<0.001) and lower than in malignant tumours (P=0.03). Cyst fluid levels of TNF-alpha differed between malignant tumours and endometriomas (P<0.01) and benign tumours (P<0.01), but not between endometriomas and benign tumours. In the endometriomas group, a positive correlation was found between serum and cyst fluid levels of IL-6 (P=0.003, rho=0.633), and between serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 (P=0.03, rho=0.415).. Endometriomas were associated with serum TNF-alpha levels similar to those found in women with ovarian cancer, while serum IL-6 levels and cyst fluid IL-8 levels were intermediate between those observed in benign and malignant ovarian tumours.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cyst Fluid; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Middle Aged; Ovarian Cysts; Ovarian Neoplasms; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

To determine the levels of the angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin (IL-8) in ovarian cysts.. Prospective descriptive study.. University hospital.. One hundred women, of whom 9 had ovarian carcinomas, 38 had ovarian endometriomata, 43 had serous ovarian cysts, and 10 had follicular ovarian cysts.. Sampling of serum and ovarian cystic fluid before and during surgery.. Levels of VEGF and IL-8 in cystic fluid and serum.. Levels of both VEGF and IL-8 were found to be significantly higher in the cystic fluid of ovarian carcinomas and endometriomata than in serous and follicular cysts. In endometriomata fluid, levels of VEGF and IL-8 were found to be directly correlated (r = 0.68; P=.0074). Serum levels of VEGF were significantly higher in women with ovarian carcinomas and endometriomata than in those with serous and follicular cysts. Ovarian cancers and endometriomata were similar in terms of cystic concentrations of VEGF and IL-8 and in serum levels of VEGF.. An increase in angiogenic factors that differentiate ovarian carcinomas and endometriomata from other kinds of ovarian pathology is demonstrated.

Topics: Carcinoma; Endometriosis; Endothelial Growth Factors; Female; Follicular Cyst; Humans; Interleukin-8; Lymphokines; Osmolar Concentration; Ovarian Cysts; Ovarian Diseases; Ovarian Neoplasms; Prospective Studies; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors

The aim of our study was to evaluate serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) as tumor markers--study based on the data about tumor cytokines production and tumor-host interactions.. We investigated 48 women: 17 with ovarian cancer untreated before, 16 with benign ovarian cysts and 15 healthy controls. Venous blood for cytokines determinations were obtained before operations and during routine screening tests. Titers of cytokines were measured by means of ELISA technique.. In the control group the upper limit of normal IL-6 titers (95th percentile) was 5.5 pg/ml; the mean IL-8 concentration was 9.6 +/- 15.1 pg/ml and the upper limit of normal was 37 pg/ml; serum TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma were not detectable. In patients with benign ovarian cysts the levels of all investigated cytokines didn't differ significantly from healthy controls. Women with ovarian cancer had significantly higher serum IL-8 levels (mean: 290.5 +/- 351 pg/ml) than healthy controls or women with benign ovarian cysts; 88% of them had IL-8 titers above the normal. The IL-6 titers in ovarian cancer were also higher but didn't reach statistical significance, 53% of them had IL-8 titers above the normal. TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma levels in ovarian cancer were similar to patients with benign ovarian cysts.. Serum IL-8 levels in patients with ovarian cancer were significantly higher when compared to healthy controls and benign ovarian cysts and in almost 90% of ovarian cancers the titers of IL-8 were increased. Additionally, 53% of women with ovarian cancer had elevated serum IL-6 levels.

Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Case-Control Studies; Cytokines; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Ovarian Cysts; Ovarian Neoplasms; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

We determined the concentrations of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukins (IL)-1 beta, -6, -8 and -1-receptor antagonist (IL-1-ra) and of oestradiol and progesterone in the follicular fluid of 111 women undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and of six women with ovarian cysts in order to elucidate mid-cycle mechanisms causing dissociation of the follicle wall and local rupture of the ovarian tissue complex. Four stimulation protocols were administered: gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist/human menopausal gonadotrophin (GnRHa/HMG), clomiphene citrate/HMG (CC/HMG), HMG and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Concentrations of TNF alpha and IL-1 beta were below 15 and 3 pg/ml respectively. IL-6 (median 4.1, 3.5-4.4 pg/ml, 95% CI) was higher after stimulation with FSH (5.6 pg/ml) than with HMG (3.2 pg/ml, P < 0.05) or GnRHa/HMG (3.7 pg/ml, P < 0.05), and after stimulation with CC/HMG (5.5 pg/ml) than with HMG (P < 0.01) or GnRHa/HMG (P < 0.001). IL-8 ranged from 32 to 1241 pg/ml (147, 117-178 pg/ml) and IL-1-ra from < 31 to > 10,000 pg/ml (156, 109-192 pg/ml). Cytokine levels did not correlate to oestradiol or progesterone concentrations. The ovarian cysts contained similar IL-8 (14-540 pg/ml) and IL-1 beta (< 30 pg/ml), but higher IL-6 (13.6-> 500 pg/ml) and lower IL-1-ra concentrations. We assume that IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1-ra are involved in peri-ovulatory cellular interactions. Thus, ovulation appears to be a cytokine-regulated process of an 'inflammation' (IL-6 and IL-8) followed by 'anti-inflammatory' reactions (IL-1-ra).

Topics: Adult; Cell Count; Cytokines; Female; Follicular Fluid; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Middle Aged; Oocytes; Ovarian Cysts; Ovarian Follicle; Ovary; Ovulation; Receptors, Interleukin-1; Specimen Handling; Stimulation, Chemical; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Due to the difficulties in separating malignant and benign ovarian cysts by transvaginal ultrasound and other techniques, there is a need for biochemical markers in serum or cyst fluids. In the present study we have evaluated the levels of the chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) in ovarian cysts. IL-8 is known to be expressed in the normal ovary and to influence proliferation and angiogenesis of several nonovarian types of tumors. Cyst fluids from benign (n = 15) and malignant (n = 13) ovarian tumors were analyzed. The levels of IL-8 were found to be significantly (13-fold) higher in cyst fluids from malignant tumors (18.1 +/- 7.5 ng/ml; mean +/- SE) compared to benign cysts (1.3 +/- 0.7 ng/ml). The plasma levels of IL-8 were considerably lower (2.9 and 0.3% of levels in benign and malignant cyst fluids, respectively) than in cyst fluids. No difference in the plasma levels of patients with benign or malignant tumor could be detected. In contrast, the levels of CA 125 were significantly higher in plasma of patients with malignant disease with the inverse relation in cyst fluids. In conclusion, the levels of IL-8 are markedly elevated in cyst fluid from malignant tumors compared to benign. This specific increase indicates a role for this cytokine in ovarian tumor biology.

Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; CA-125 Antigen; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Interleukin-8; Middle Aged; Ovarian Cysts; Ovarian Neoplasms