interleukin-8 and Opioid-Related-Disorders

Low-dose dextromethorphan (DM) might have anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic effects mechanistically remote from an NMDA receptor. In a randomized, double-blind, controlled 12 week study, we investigated whether add-on dextromethorphan reduced cytokine levels and benefitted opioid-dependent patients undergoing methadone maintenance therapy (MMT).. Patients were randomly assigned to a group: DM60 (60mg/day dextromethorphan; n = 65), DM120 (120mg/day dextromethorphan; n = 65), or placebo (n = 66). Primary outcomes were the methadone dose required, plasma morphine level, and retention in treatment. Plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, transforming growth factor-β1, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were examined during weeks 0, 1, 4, 8, and 12. Multiple linear regressions with generalized estimating equation methods were used to examine the therapeutic effect.. After 12 weeks, the DM60 group had significantly longer treatment retention and lower plasma morphine levels than did the placebo group. Plasma TNF-α was significantly decreased in the DM60 group compared to the placebo group. However, changes in plasma cytokine levels, BDNF levels, and the methadone dose required in the three groups were not significantly different.. We provide evidence-decreased concomitant heroin use-of low-dose add-on DM's efficacy for treating opioid-dependent patients undergoing MMT.

Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; C-Reactive Protein; Dextromethorphan; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Male; Methadone; Middle Aged; Morphine; Opioid-Related Disorders; Retention, Psychology; Time Factors; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Low-dose memantine might have anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic effects mechanistically remote from an NMDA receptor. We investigated whether add-on memantine reduced cytokine levels and benefitted patients with opioid dependence undergoing methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) in a randomized, double-blind, controlled 12-week study. Patients were randomly assigned to a group: Memantine (5 mg/day) (n = 53) or Placebo (n = 75). The methadone dose required and retention in treatment were monitored. Plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were examined during weeks 0, 1, 4, 8, and 12. General linear mixed models were used to examine therapeutic effect. After 12 weeks, Memantine-group required a somewhat lower methadone dose than did Placebo-group (P = 0.039). They also had significantly lower plasma TNF-α and significantly higher TGF-β1 levels. We provide evidence of the benefit of add-on memantine in opioid dependent patients undergoing MMT.

Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; C-Reactive Protein; Dopamine Agents; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Memantine; Methadone; Opiate Substitution Treatment; Opioid-Related Disorders; Placebos; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha