interleukin-8 and Lichen-Planus--Oral

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T cell-mediated common chronic inflammatory mucosal disease, with limited therapies available for long-term use. Previous study showed that ratio of genus Streptococcus decreased significantly in OLP patients when compared with controls. Buccal cotton swab samples of 43 OLP patients and 48 healthy individuals were collected for real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to investigate relative abundance alteration of Streptococcus salivarius in OLP lesions. Bacterial supernatants of S. salivarius ATCC® BAA-2593™ were collected by centrifugation and added to HSC-3 cells, and quantitative analysis of expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in the HSC-3 cells was determined by RT-PCR. Then, a randomized, non-blinded, controlled study was conducted. Forty patients with symptomatic OLP were randomly allocated into two groups and received topical treatment of 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide dental paste (group A) and S. salivarius K12 lozenge (group B), respectively, for 4 weeks. Sign scores, visual analogue scale (VAS), and adverse reactions were recorded. Relative abundance of S. salivarius in the OLP group was lower than that of control group (P < 0.05). After treated with 0.1% supernatants of S. salivarius ATCC® BAA-2593™, the expression level of IL-6 in the HSC-3 cells significantly reduced (P < 0.001), while IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF- α showed a decreasing tendency (P > 0.05). There was significant reduction in sign scores and VAS scores in both groups after the 4-week treatment, with no significant difference between two groups. No adverse reaction was observed. S. salivarius might maintain local immune balance by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. Topical application of Streptococcus salivarius K12 seemed to be effective in treatment of symptomatic OLP, especially with promising potential in long-term use. More detailed clinical studies with long follow-up period and standardized usage/dosage are expected to acquire definite conclusions.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cell Line; Female; Gene Expression; Humans; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Lichen Planus, Oral; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Mucosa; NF-kappa B; Streptococcus salivarius; Triamcinolone Acetonide; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T-cell-mediated disease characterized by immune-mediated basal cell degeneration releasing interleukins (ILs) such as IL-6 and IL-8 into the circulation. Their serum levels reportedly reflect disease activity. Although many therapeutic options are available, none are curative. We compared the efficacy of tacrolimus 0.1% ointment and pimecrolimus 1% cream in OLP and correlated with serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels before and after treatment. Forty patients with symptomatic OLP were randomized into two groups, to receive either topical tacrolimus 0.1% ointment or pimecrolimus 1% cream (twice daily for 8 weeks). Patients were assessed at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. At each visit, objective improvement in the net clinical score (NCS), drug tolerability, and side effects were evaluated. Serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels were measured at baseline and at eight weeks. Baseline characteristics were comparable between the groups. The mean NCS declined from 10.9 ± 4.5 and 9.9 ± 4.6 at baseline to 5.4 ± 3.5 and 5.3 ± 4.2 at 12 weeks for tacrolimus and pimecrolimus group, respectively. At each visit, in both groups, the decline in mean NCS from baseline was statistically significant (P < 0.05) and so was the decline in mean serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels pre- and post-treatment. Pimecrolimus 1% cream seems to be as effective as tacrolimus 0.1% ointment. Serum IL-6 and IL-8 may act as markers of disease activity. However, future efforts are needed to objectify the use of serum interleukin levels in the disease severity index.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Calcineurin Inhibitors; Chi-Square Distribution; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Lichen Planus, Oral; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Severity of Illness Index; Single-Blind Method; Tacrolimus; Treatment Outcome

Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory mucosal disease. The pathogenesis of OLP is unknown. The Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) that occurs in the regulatory position + 781 could affect the expression of interleukin-8. This polymorphism is probably associated with increased serum levels of IL-8. The current study aimed to investigate the genotype and allele frequencies of IL-8( + 781 C/T) in OLP patients and whether it is associated with the severity of OLP disease in an Iranian population.. Three milliliters of saliva were taken from 100 patients with OLP and 100 healthy individuals who were matched in age and gender. After DNA extraction from saliva samples of patients and healthy individuals, the genotype of IL-8 at position + 781 is detected using the PCR-RFLP method. The results were analyzed using SPSS software.. This study depicted the difference in the frequency of SNP IL-8 + 781 C/T allele in the patient and control groups had a significant association with the risk of OLP. In addition, our data revealed that IL-8 + 781 C/T polymorphisms might be associated with the severity of OLP in the Iranian population.

Topics: Gene Frequency; Humans; Interleukin-8; Iran; Lichen Planus, Oral; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory oral mucosal disease. Cytokines are closely associated with OLP development. In addition to immune cells, fibroblasts have been reported to induce regional inflammation. MicroRNA(miR)-155-5p is reportedly increased significantly in OLP and is known to regulate inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the role of miR-155-5p in fibroblasts of OLP lesions.. Normal mucosal fibroblasts (NFs) and OLP associated-fibroblasts (OLP AFs) were isolated from the oral mucosa of 15 healthy controls and 30 OLP patients. We detected the expression of miR-155-5p and fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP-α) using quantitative RT-PCR and analyzed their correlation. Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 levels were determined using ELISA. Expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 1 was analyzed by western blotting. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to investigate the interaction between miR-155-5p and SOCS1. MiR-155-5p and FAP-α were significantly increased and positively correlated in OLP AFs. Overexpression of miR-155-5p in OLP AFs augmented IL-6 and IL-8 release and decreased SOCS1 expression, whereas knockdown of miR-155-5p in OLP AFs decreased IL-6 and IL-8 release. The expression of SOCS1 was downregulated in OLP AFs, and SOCS1 silencing augmented IL-6 and IL-8 production in OLP AFs. Furthermore, miR-155-5p inhibited SOCS1 expression by directly targeting its 3'-UTR in OLP AFs.. MiR-155-5p regulates the secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 by downregulating the expression of SOCS1 in activated OLP AFs. Our results provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of OLP and identify a potential new target for OLP therapy.

Topics: Fibroblasts; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Lichen Planus, Oral; MicroRNAs; Phenotype; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins

This study aimed to determine the association of rs2430561 and rs4073 polymorphisms in the Interferon gamma (IFN-ɤ) and Interleukin 8 (IL-8) genes, respectively, with hepatitis C virus-related oral lichen planus and disease severity.. This is a case-control study. 60 subjects were equally divided into patients with and without oral lichen planus. They were further subdivided into hepatitis C virus seropositive and seronegative patients. All patients were genotyped for IFN-γ rs2430561 thymine to adenine (T > A) and IL-8 rs4073 adenine to thymine (A > T) polymorphisms. All patients with oral lichen planus had their lesions measured and documented using the Escudier scoring system.. Disease activity was significantly higher in the "oral lichen planus/hepatitis C virus-positive" patients than in the "oral lichen planus/hepatitis C virus-negative" patients (P = 0.003). IFN-γ rs2430561 T > A and IL-8 rs4073 A > T genotypes and allele frequencies were not associated with the oral lichen planus group or the normal group. Stratification of the two groups into HCV and non-HCV-infected patients or into erosive and non-erosive types revealed no significant associations. The "A-allele-containing" genotypes of IL-8 rs4073 A > T were significantly more prevalent in the patients with oral lichen planus than in those without.. Hepatitis C virus infection is associated with the development of erosive oral lichen planus. The A-allele of IL-8 rs4073 A > T may have a role in the development and progression of oral lichen planus.

Topics: Case-Control Studies; Disease Progression; Female; Genotype; Hepatitis C; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-8; Lichen Planus, Oral; Male; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

This study considered a possible relationship between the severity of oral lichen planus (OLP), serum anti-TPO autoantibodies (TPOAb) titer and thyroid disease in OLP patients. Forty-six OLP patients with positive TPOAb results (> 35 IU/ml) who had also been diagnosed with thyroid disease were included in the study group. The control group consisted of 46OLP patients with no thyroid disease. The study and control groups (92) were divided to two subgroups of erosive OLP (EOLP) and non-erosive OLP (NEOLP). Serum TPOAb levels and IL-8 (to measure OLP severity) were evaluated using the independent t-test, chi-square and conditional logistic regression analysis (α = 0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between serum IL-8 and TPOAb levels in the study group (r = 0.783; p = 0.001). The positive blood levels of TPOAb were significantly associated with an increased risk of EOLP (OR = 4.02 at 95%CI; 1.21-13.4; p = 0.023). It is possible to used positive serum TPOAb levels in patients with OLP as in indicator of possible undetected thyroid disorders in those patients. Because erosive OLP has been associated with TPOAb in thyroid patients, it may be useful to determine TPOAb levels of such patients to diagnose a possible undetected thyroid disorders and follow-up for malignancy.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Autoantibodies; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Interleukin-8; Iodide Peroxidase; Lichen Planus, Oral; Male; Middle Aged; Reference Values; Severity of Illness Index; Statistics, Nonparametric; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Gland; Young Adult

Oral lichen planus (OLP), a mucocutaneous chronic inflammatory disease, is conventionally managed using topical corticosteroid therapy. Given the fact that OLP is strongly linked to angiogenesis, anti-angiogenic drugs, such as bevacizumab, might be introduced as an alternative treatment for contraindicated, non-responsive patients. The aim of the present study was to report the short-term effectiveness and safety of intralesional bevacizumab injection in the management of atrophic/erosive OLP. A case series study was conducted in patients with atrophic/erosive OLP in the buccal mucosa, assigned to receive either 2.5 mg of bevacizumab, by intralesional injection (n = 20, test), or topical 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide ointment (n = 20, control). The size, score, and pain intensity of the lesions were assessed pre- and post-treatment. Tissue biopsies were collected for histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural examination. After 1 wk, the test group had significant reductions both in lesion seize and in pain scores compared with controls. A marked decrease in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-8 immunoexpression was noted in tissue biopsies from bevacizumab-treated lesions compared with control lesions. Furthermore, ultrastructural examination of OLP tissue specimens revealed significant healing signs associated with bevacizumab treatment. Short-term data suggest that intralesional bevacizumab injection effectively and safely achieved resolution of atrophic/erosive OLP lesions without disease exacerbations during a 3-month follow-up period.

Topics: Bevacizumab; Humans; Interleukin-8; Lichen Planus, Oral; Triamcinolone Acetonide; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Previous research has indicated that salivary interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 are potential biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, their levels have been found to be significantly elevated in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) or oral lichen planus (OLP). The data also showed wide variations in levels among the different studies, and no standardization procedure was ever performed. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine whether CP or OLP confounds the use of IL-6 or IL-8 for OSCC detection.. Saliva samples were collected from five groups: OSCC before treatment (n = 18); CP (n = 21); disease-active OLP (n = 21); disease-inactive OLP (n = 20); and healthy controls (n = 21). IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations (determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays) were compared, using total salivary protein-standardized levels to validate the data. The Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 0.05) followed by pairwise Mann-Whitney U (post hoc) tests with Bonferroni adjustments (α = 0.00625) were used for statistical analysis.. Salivary IL-6 levels were significantly higher in patients with OSCC than in patients with CP (P <0.001), disease-active OLP (P = 0.001), disease-inactive OLP (P <0.001), and healthy controls (P <0.001). Salivary IL-8 levels were significantly higher in patients with OSCC than in patients with CP (P <0.001), but only marginally significantly higher than in healthy controls (P = 0.014). Statistical results of standardized IL-6 and IL-8 levels were consistent with the non-standardized levels in all pairs except one.. Salivary IL-6 may be a useful biomarker in the detection of OSCC, unconfounded by CP or OLP.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Chronic Periodontitis; Female; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Lichen Planus, Oral; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoplasm Staging; Saliva; Salivary Proteins and Peptides

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a disease of the oral mucosa of unknown cause producing lesions with an intense band-like inflammatory infiltrate of T cells to the subepithelium and keratinocyte cell death. We performed gene expression analysis of the oral epithelium of lesions in subjects with OLP and its sister disease, oral lichenoid reaction (OLR), in order to better understand the role of the keratinocytes in these diseases.. Fourteen patients with OLP or OLR were included in the study, along with a control group of 23 subjects with a variety of oral diseases and a normal group of 17 subjects with no clinically visible mucosal abnormalities. Various proteins have been associated with OLP, based on detection of secreted proteins or changes in RNA levels in tissue samples consisting of epithelium, stroma, and immune cells. The mRNA level of twelve of these genes expressed in the epithelium was tested in the three groups.. Four genes showed increased expression in the epithelium of OLP patients: CD14, CXCL1, IL8, and TLR1, and at least two of these proteins, TLR1 and CXCL1, were expressed at substantial levels in oral keratinocytes.. Because of the large accumulation of T cells in lesions of OLP it has long been thought to be an adaptive immunity malfunction. We provide evidence that there is increased expression of innate immune genes in the epithelium with this illness, suggesting a role for this process in the disease and a possible target for treatment.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Chemokine CXCL1; Epithelial Cells; Female; Gene Expression; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Interleukin-8; Lichen Planus, Oral; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; Male; Middle Aged; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Toll-Like Receptor 1

Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a CXC chemokine with multiple biological functions, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus (OLP). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL-8 gene with OLP in a Chinese population. Four SNPs of the IL-8 gene at positions -845 T/C (rs2227532), -738 T/A, -251 A/T (rs4073) and +781 C/T (rs2227306) were analyzed in 109 patients with OLP and 101 normal controls using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The data revealed that the -251 AA genotype and -251 A allele frequency was significantly lower in the erosive OLP (eOLP) group than in the control group (P = 0.012 and P = 0.031, respectively). Haplotype analysis revealed that the -251 A/+781 C haplotype frequency was lower in the eOLP group than in the control group (P = 0.029) while the -251 T/+781 C haplotype frequency was higher in the eOLP patients than in the healthy controls (P = 0.028). The study suggests that the IL-8 polymorphisms may be associated with the severity of OLP in this Chinese cohort.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Asian People; Case-Control Studies; Chi-Square Distribution; China; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Haplotypes; Humans; Interleukin-8; Lichen Planus, Oral; Male; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Phenotype; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Young Adult

To access the potential roles of NF-kappaB-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6(IL-6), and interleukin-8(IL-8), in oral lichen planus (OLP), and to explore whether salivary detection of these cytokines is a better monitoring tool than serum for OLP, 30 Chinese patients with OLP and 30 age-sex-matched controls were enrolled in this study. Salivary and serum levels of cytokines were screened by enzyme immunoassay, and both salivary and serum levels of these cytokines were significantly increased in OLP patients in comparison with healthy subjects. Positive statistical correlations existed between these cytokines in serum and saliva. With regards to the subtypes of this illness, only salivary IL-8 levels in erosive form were remarkably inclined than that in reticular form. The results suggest that saliva-based test may provide a more cost-effective adjunctive tool for the detection of pro-inflammatory cytokines in OLP, and salivary IL-8 analysis may be a promising biomarker for OLP severity.

Topics: Adult; Asian People; China; Female; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Lichen Planus, Oral; Male; Middle Aged; NF-kappa B; Saliva; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

The characteristics of oral lichen planus (OLP) provoke investigators to explore possible biomarkers by which to monitor disease activity and therapeutic efficacy. Oral fluids may provide an accessible medium for analysis of such biomarkers. Previous studies have shown that activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus (OLP), which is a chronic inflammatory disorder mediated by T cells. Prior to the present investigation, reports of the levels of NF-kappa B and its dependent cytokines in oral fluids have not been forthcoming. The purpose of this study was to detect the level of NF-kappa B dependent cytokines, TNF-alpha, IL-1-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 in tissue transudates directly from lesions of OLP, and explore the feasibility of the data for clinical application.. Thirteen definitively diagnosed OLP subjects were enrolled in the study as were 13 age-sex matched controls. In each subject, lesion tissue transudates (TTs) were collected by a novel collection technique with a filter paper. The level of cytokines, TNF-alpha, IL-1-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 in three types of oral fluids were determined by ELISA.. In the tissue transudate(TT), there were significantly higher level of cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 detected in OLP patients than in controls: (TT: 40.0 +/- 9.8 versus 4.5 +/- 0.7, 710 +/- 114 versus 305 +/- 78, 150 +/- 25 versus 1.7 +/- 0.5, 2800 +/- 260 versus 1450 +/- 130, P < .0001; unit: pg/mL).. These results indicate that NF-kappa B dependent inflammatory cytokines may be detected at increased levels in oral lesion tissue transudates which may have diagnostic and prognostic potentials for monitoring disease activity and making therapeutic decisions in patients with OLP.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Cytokines; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Interleukin-1alpha; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Lichen Planus, Oral; Male; Middle Aged; NF-kappa B; Th1 Cells; Th2 Cells; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

To explore the potential of detecting the level of proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1-alpha (IL-1-alpha), IL-6, and IL-8 in whole unstimulated saliva (WUS) in monitoring the therapeutic effects of topical dexamethasone on these salivary cytokines in subjects with erosive oral lichen planus (OLP).. Thirteen definitively diagnosed OLP subjects were enrolled in the study as were 13 age- and sex-matched controls. The OLP subjects were treated with 0.1% dexamethasone oral rinse for 6 weeks. Prior to treatment and at the end of clinical trial, the visual analog scale (VAS) for symptoms was recorded, WUS was collected and these proinflammatory cytokines were analyzed by ELISA.. Following the dexamethasone treatment, the levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 were decreased significantly, and IL-1-alpha and IL-8 were detected at a level without a statistically significant difference from controls. VAS value was decreased significantly and was found to significantly correlate with the decrease in IL-1-alpha and IL-8 levels.. These preliminary results indicate that salivary analysis of NF-kappaB-dependent cytokines may be applied to monitoring the therapeutic response of OLP.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Case-Control Studies; Cytokines; Dexamethasone; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Lichen Planus, Oral; Male; Middle Aged; Mouthwashes; NF-kappa B; Saliva; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

To explore the feasibility of detection of the level of NF-kappaB-dependent cytokines in oral fluids from patient with oral lichen planus (OLP) for clinical application, 13 OLP subjects were enrolled in the study as were 13 age-sex-matched controls. In each subject, the whole unstimulated saliva (WUS), mixture of saliva and isotonic saline oral rinse (Saliva-NaCl), and lesion tissue transudates (TT) were collected by standard techniques. The level of cytokines, TNF-alpha, IL-1-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 in three types of oral fluids was determined by ELISA. In the three types of oral fluids, a significantly higher level of these cytokines was detected in OLP patients than in normal controls. These results indicate that NF-kappaB-dependent inflammatory cytokines may be detected at increased levels in certain oral fluids which may have diagnostic and prognostic potential for monitoring disease activity and making therapeutic decisions in patients with OLP.

Topics: Biomarkers; Cytokines; Exudates and Transudates; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Lichen Planus, Oral; Male; Middle Aged; NF-kappa B; Saliva; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Up-Regulation

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T-cell-mediated inflammatory disease. Interleukin (IL)-8 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine of host response to injury and inflammation.. To investigate whether serum IL-8 level was a more sensitive marker than serum IL-6 level in monitoring the disease activity of OLP and to assess whether IL-8 was a useful serum marker in evaluating the therapeutic effects of levamisole on OLP patients.. In this study, we used a solid phase, two-site sequential chemiluminescent immunometric assay to determine the baseline serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in 158 patients with OLP, nine patients with traumatic ulcers (TU) and 54 normal control subjects. Some OLP patients with the serum IL-6 or IL-8 levels higher than the upper limit of normal serum concentration were treated with levamisole for 0.5-6.0 months and their serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels were measured after treatment.. We found that 28% (44 of 158) OLP, 28% (40 of 142) erosive OLP (EOLP), and 25% (four of 16) nonerosive OLP (NEOLP) patients had a serum IL-6 level greater than the upper normal limit of 4.7 pg mL(-1). In contrast, 63% (99 of 158) OLP, 63% (90 of 142) EOLP and 56% (nine of 16) NEOLP patients had a serum IL-8 level greater than the upper normal limit of 8.7 pg mL(-1). In some OLP patients with the serum IL-6 or IL-8 levels higher than the upper limit of normal serum concentration, treatment with levamisole for a period of 0.5-6.0 months could significantly reduce the mean serum IL-6 level from 14.3 +/- 1.9 pg mL(-1) to 3.2 +/- 0.6 pg mL(-1) (P < 0.001) and could significantly reduce the mean serum IL-8 level from 95.8 +/- 17.1 pg mL(-1) to 14.8 +/- 5.8 pg mL(-1) (P < 0.001).. Because measurement of the serum IL-8 level can detect more OLP patients with an abnormal serum level than measurement of the serum IL-6 level (63% vs. 28%), we conclude that serum IL-8 level is a more sensitive marker than serum IL-6 level in monitoring the disease activity of OLP. Levamisole can modulate both the serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels in OLP patients. IL-8, like IL-6, is also a useful serum marker in evaluating the therapeutic effects of levamisole on OLP patients.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Biomarkers; Female; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Levamisole; Lichen Planus, Oral; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Mucosa; Sensitivity and Specificity

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa characterized by a band-like accumulation of lymphocytes in the connective tissue adjacent to the basement membrane as well as intraepithelially. Amalgam fillings can induce oral lichenoid reactions (OLR) that are similar to OLP. The adhesion molecule ICAM-1 and the chemokines interleukin-8 and RANTES all play central roles in leucocyte trafficking. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of these molecules in the migration of leucocytes into the oral mucosa in OLP and OLR. Standard immunoperoxidase techniques were used to visualize the expression of ICAM-1, RANTES and interleukin-8 in frozen biopsy sections. ICAM-1 was expressed by endothelial cells, but not by keratinocytes, in normal oral mucosa. ICAM-1 was expressed by keratinocytes in 11 of 12 biopsies of OLP and in six of seven biopsies of OLR. In all of these cases ICAM-1 was also expressed by endothelial cells and leucocytes. Although not present in normal oral mucosa, RANTES was expressed by keratinocytes in 21 of 24 biopsies of OLP and in seven of seven cases of OLR. Interleukin-8 was not detected in any of the samples. The expression of ICAM-1 and RANTES by epithelial keratinocytes in the oral mucosa in OLP and OLR could be a key inflammatory mechanism in these diseases.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Biopsy; Chemokine CCL5; Dental Amalgam; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Interleukin-8; Keratinocytes; Lichen Planus, Oral; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Mucosa

In order to gain further understanding of the role of chemokines in healthy oral mucosa, we analyzed mRNA expression of the alpha (CXC)-family chemokines IL-8 and GROgamma as well as of the beta (CC)-family chemokines MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta and MCP-1 in twenty young and healthy subjects with good oral hygiene. Twenty biopsies were taken from clinically healthy oral mucosa before surgical removal of impacted wisdom teeth. In addition, five biopsies from patients presenting with specific oral lesions were studied. RNA was purified, quantitated and utilized as substrate for competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In healthy tissue, IL-8 and MCP-1 mRNA was constitutively expressed in all biopsies, whereas GROgamma, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta were significantly lower. These findings suggest that IL8 and MCP-1 play a significant role in oral tissue homeostasis. The few samples from pathological conditions encourage exploring diseased tissue in more detail.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Biopsy; Chemokine CCL2; Chemokine CCL3; Chemokine CCL4; Chemokine CXCL1; Chemokines, CC; Chemokines, CXC; Chemotactic Factors; Female; Fibroma; Gene Expression Regulation; Gingival Neoplasms; Growth Inhibitors; Growth Substances; Hemostasis; Humans; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Interleukin-8; Lichen Planus, Oral; Lymphoma, AIDS-Related; Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; Male; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Neoplasms; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger