interleukin-8 and Intervertebral-Disc-Displacement

This study aimed to investigate the effects of IL-8, CRP and TXB2 in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation by combining with percutaneous endoscopic discectomy. For this purpose, 290 patients with disc herniation were selected as the research objects and randomly divided into two groups. The control group was treated with traditional intervertebral fenestration of nucleus pulposus, and the research group was treated with joint process location slip technique combined with percutaneous endoscopic lumbar disc discectomy. The clinical efficacy, functional scores and serological indexes of the two groups were compared, and the prognostic value of IL-8, CRP and TXB2 in the treatment of disc herniation by the combination of the sliding technique of facet location and percutaneous endoscopic discectomy was explored. The results showed that the total effective rate of 95.55% in the study group was higher than 79.31% in the control group, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). The operative time, incision length, length of hospital stay and intraoperative blood loss in the study group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). JOA score was higher and ODI score was lower in the two groups after surgery than before surgery, and JOA score in the study group was higher than that in the control group, while the ODI score was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Il-8, CRP and MDA in 2 groups increased after the operation, while SOD and TXB2 decreased significantly. Il-8, CRP, TXB2 and SOD in the study group were lower than those in the control group, while MDA was higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). ROC curve indicated that the areas under the curves of IL-8, CRP and TXB2 were 0.725, 0.835 and 0.880, and the areas under the curves, sensitivity and specificity of the combined determination were higher than those of any index (P<0.05). In general, compared with traditional interlaminar fenestration of nucleus pulposus, combined with percutaneous endoscopic lumbar disc discectomy has a significant effect on the treatment of disc herniation, and can reduce the levels of IL-8, CRP and TXB2.

Topics: Diskectomy; Diskectomy, Percutaneous; Humans; Interleukin-8; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Lumbar Vertebrae; Retrospective Studies; Superoxide Dismutase; Treatment Outcome

Scoliotic and herniated human intervertebral disc tissue obtained intraoperatively was cultured, and the medium was analyzed for the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-8.. This study was conducted to determine whether the human intervertebral disc is capable of spontaneous production of the chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-8.. Lumbar disc herniations undergo spontaneous regression with time. This is believed to occur via macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of herniated disc material. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, a chemotactic agent for macrophages, has recently been identified in rat intervertebral disc tissue.. Disc material obtained from patients undergoing surgery for scoliosis and sciatica was cultured using a serumless technique, and the medium was subsequently analyzed for levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-8.. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and IL-8 were detected in both control and herniated disc specimens. Noncontained herniations produced higher levels of chemokines than those with an intact anulus.. Human intervertebral disc tissue is capable of spontaneously producing the proinflammatory chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-8. These are chemotactic for macrophages and capillaries and may explain the ingrowth of granulation tissue seen in spontaneous disc herniation resorption.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chemokine CCL2; Child; Child, Preschool; Culture Media, Conditioned; Culture Techniques; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Interleukin-8; Intervertebral Disc; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Male; Reproducibility of Results; Sciatica; Scoliosis

The mRNA expressions of cytokines and chemokines were assessed in herniated lumbar disc specimens.. To investigate whether the mRNAs of interleukin (IL)-1alpha, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, RANTES, IL-8, IL-10, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta are expressed in surgically obtained herniated disc specimens; and to discover which of them are the predominant cytokines associated with the clinical symptoms and signs, and whether any differences in the mRNA expression exist depending on the different types of disc herniations.. It has been postulated that cytokines are involved in causing radicular leg pain in lumbar disc herniations. Although a few studies have been done on lumbar disc herniations concerning IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha, almost none has been carried out in the cases of the other of cytokines and chemokines.. Using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, mRNA expressions of cytokines and chemokines were investigated in herniated disc specimens. The straight leg raising test, development of radicular pain by back extension, symptom duration, pain intensity using a visual analogue scale, and herniation types were described.. The mRNAs of IL-8, TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, RANTES, and IL-10 were expressed in 16 (70%), 15 (65%), 9 (39%), 4 (17%), and 2 (9%) of the 23 herniated disc specimens, respectively. The mRNA of TGF-beta was expressed in 5 of 10 specimens (50%). IL-8 mRNA expression was associated with the development of radicular pain by back extension and short symptom duration (average 3.8 weeks). The mRNAs of IL-1alpha were expressed more frequently in transligamentous extensions than in subligamentous extensions, but the expression was weak.. Interleukin-8 appears to be associated with development of radicular pain by back extension and to be activated on acute or subacute disc herniations. IL-8 seems to participate in the pathomechanism of nerve root inflammation in lumbar disc herniations, which implies that it may be considered a target for therapeutic intervention.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Back Pain; Chemokine CCL5; Chemokines; Cytokines; Female; Humans; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-8; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Lumbosacral Region; Male; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

To observe the effect of acupuncture at "Houxi"(SI3) and "Huantiao"(GB30) on high mobility group box 1(HMGB1) protein and mRNA in spinal nerve trunk(SNT) of rats with lumbar disc herniation(LDH), so as to explore the mechanisms of acupuncture at this paired points on the treatment for LDH.. SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation, model, conventional acupuncture(CA) and paired points(PP) groups (with 8 rats in each group). The LDH model was established by injection of autologous suspension made from rats' own nucleus pulsus into the epidural space. Rats in the CA group received acupuncture treatment at bilateral "Weizhong"(BL40), "Dachangshu"(BL25) and "Shenshu"(BL23), while rats in the PP group received acupuncture at bilateral SI3 and GB30, 30 min each time, once daily for 14 consecutive days. The thermal pain threshold of bilateral hind feet of rats was detected by thermal pain stimulator. The contents of serum IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 of rats were detected by ELISA. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of HMGB1 protein in the lumbar(L)5 SNT of rats. The relative expression of HMGB1 mRNA in L5 SNT was determined by qPCR. HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of L5 SNT.. Compared with the sham operation group, the thermal pain threshold of bilateral hind feet in the model group was decreased (. Acupuncture intervention inhibites the expressions of HMGB1 protein and mRNA in rats with LDH, and further reduces the production of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8, which is beneficial to inflammatory response inhibition and pain alleviation. The therapeutic effect of the PP group is more obvious than that of the CA group.

Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Animals; HMGB1 Protein; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spinal Nerves

Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic systemic vasculitis with a wide range of clinical findings. It has both autoinflammatory and autoimmune features and manifests with recurrent inflammatory attacks involving the innate immune system. Recently, autoinflammation has started to take place in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between intervertebral disc degeneration and BD. We evaluated patients with BD who suffered neck or low back pain in the last 1 year. Eighty four patients underwent musculoskeletal system examination with MRI imaging of the cervical and lumbar vertebrae, and serum levels of IL6, IL8, and TNF-α were determined. The mean age was 47.7 ± 11.5 (range 20-68) years. Cervical and/or lumbar herniation was detected in the MRI imaging of 65 (77.3%) out of 84 patients. The mean IL8 levels of the group with pain and disc herniation and the group with pain and bulging were statistically significantly higher than the other groups (p = 0.007; p = 0.045, respectively). Chronic inflammation in BD may cause disc degeneration and radicular pain to begin and progress earlier in patients.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Behcet Syndrome; Humans; Interleukin-8; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Low Back Pain; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Middle Aged; Young Adult

Symptomatic intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is a major socioeconomic burden and is characterized by inflammation and tissue degradation. Due to the lack of causative therapies, there is an urgent need for innovative experimental organ culture models to study the mechanisms involved in the progression of the disease, find therapeutic targets, and reduce the need for animal models. We here present a novel, three-dimensional organ culture model protocol mimicking the proinflammatory and catabolic microenvironment, which is present during IDD. Initially, bovine caudal IVDs were dissected, cleaned, and cultured in the tissue culture medium. Dynamic physiologic or pathologic loading was applied in a custom-made bioreactor for 2 hours per day. IVDs were assigned to a control group (high glucose medium, physiological loading, phosphate-buffered saline injection) and a pathological group (low glucose medium, pathological loading, tumor necrosis factor-alpha injection) for four days. Gene expression analysis from collected nucleus pulposus cells of the IVDs and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the conditioned organ culture media was performed. Our data revealed a higher expression of inflammatory markers and reduced disc heights after loading in the pathological group compared to the control group. This protocol is reliable to simulate IVD inflammation and degeneration and can be further expanded to broaden its application scope.

Topics: Animals; Annulus Fibrosus; Cattle; Culture Media, Conditioned; Gene Expression Regulation; Inflammation; Injections; Interleukin-8; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Models, Biological; Nucleus Pulposus; Organ Culture Techniques; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

The aim of the study was to identify inflammatory cytokines/chemokines associated with neuroinflammation and periphery-to-CNS inflammatory cross-talk in degenerative disc disease (DDD) and lumbar disc herniation (LDH), common causes of low back pain (LBP). A secondary aim was to investigate the associations between cytokines and symptom severity.. In total, 40 DDD and 40 LDH patients were recruited from a surgical waiting list, as well as 39 healthy controls (HC) and 40 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) controls. The subjects completed questionnaires and pressure algometry was performed at the lumbar spine and forearm. The CSF, serum and disc tissues were collected during surgery. Inflammatory mediators TNF, INFg, IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13 and MCP1 were analysed by immunoassay (Meso Scale Discovery) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used for analysis of IL-6, IL-8, MCP1 and TSPO expression in intervertebral discs (IVDs).. In the LDH group, we found elevated IL-8 concentrations in CSF indicating neuroinflammation, while IL-8 and MCP1 concentrations in serum were lower compared to HC. The IVD expression of IL-6, IL-8 and TSPO was lower in LDH patients compared to DDD. LDH patients had a positive correlation between IL-8 concentrations in CSF and serum and IL-8 in CSF was associated with higher pain intensity and increased spinal pressure pain sensitivity. The MCP1 concentration in serum was associated with higher global pain ratings and increased spinal pressure pain sensitivity, while IL-6 serum concentration correlated with the intensity of the neuropathic pain component (leg pain) in LDH patients. IVD expression of TSPO in LDH patients was associated with increased intensity of back pain. No differences were found in cytokine CSF concentrations between DDD patients and CSF controls, but DDD patients had lower IL-8 and MCP1 serum concentrations than HC. In female DDD patients, IL-8 and MCP1 concentrations in serum were associated with increased intensity of back pain.. Our results suggest that neuroinflammation mediated by elevated IL-8 concentrations in CSF and IL-8 mediated periphery-to-CNS inflammatory cross-talk contributes to pain in LDH patients and suggest a link between TSPO expression in discs and low back pain.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Chemokines; Cytokines; Female; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Intervertebral Disc; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Low Back Pain; Lumbar Vertebrae; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroimmunomodulation; Pain; Receptors, GABA

Earlier studies indicate that lumbar radicular pain after disc herniation may be associated with a local inflammation induced by leakage of nucleus pulposus (NP) into the spinal canal and neuroforamen. In the present study we addressed the role of two interleukins, IL-6 and IL-8 in such long-lasting lumbar radicular pain. All 127 patients were recruited from Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway. At inclusion, 6weeks and 12months, serum concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and pain intensity was reported on a 0-10cm visual analog scale (VAS). Significantly higher levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in serum were found in patients with VAS ⩾3 at 12months, than in patient with VAS <3 at 12months (p⩽0.01, test of between-subjects effect, repeated measures ANOVA, covariates for IL-6: age, smoking; covariates for IL-8: smoking, treatment). For the first time we show that chronic lumbar radicular pain may be associated with a persistent increase of the pro-inflammatory substances IL-6 and IL-8 in serum after disc herniation.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Low Back Pain; Male; Middle Aged; Pain Measurement; Prospective Studies

Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a term used for a group of conditions, including back pain, femoral nerve pain and sciatica. Currently available treatments and surgical options are insufficient for patients with LDH. Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (FLL) is a herb that is used for treating age-associated diseases. The results of the present study suggested that FLL may be used for treatment of patients with LDH. In the present study, matrix metalloproteinase-1, -3, -8 and -9 (MMP-1, -3, -8 and -9) protein and mRNA expression downregulation was observed in patients with LDH according to western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. By contrast, upregulation of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression was observed in patients with LDH, according to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mechanical allodynia was observed in rats with LDH not treated with FLL; however, not in FLL‑treated rats. IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α expression levels in the serum from untreated rats were significantly higher than that of the FLL‑treated rat models. Protein expression levels of MMPs in FLL-treated rats were lower than those in untreated rats. However, the mechanisms underlying the association between FLL and protein expression levels require further investigation.

Topics: Adult; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Ontology; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Interleukin-2; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Ligustrum; Lumbar Vertebrae; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinases, Secreted; Molecular Sequence Annotation; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Signal Transduction; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

In the present study, the influence of cytokines on 1-year recovery in lumbar radicular pain was examined.. In total, 110 patients with symptomatic lumbar disc herniation were followed for 1 year. Uni- and multivariate linear regression was used to assess the influence of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, disc degeneration and endplate changes (Modic changes) on the changes in the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI change; primary outcome) and visual analogue scale (VAS) for low back pain (LBP) and leg pain (secondary outcomes).. Less favourable ODI outcome correlated with higher serum IL-6 levels (B = -3.41, 95% CI -5.52 to -1.30, p = 0.002), non-surgical treatment (B = -7.03, 95% CI 1.21 to 12.84, p = 0.018), higher baseline back pain intensity (B = -2.28, 95% CI -3.21 to -1.35, p < 0.001) and low educational level (B = -5.57, 95% CI 0.66 to 10.47, p = 0.027). High VAS for LBP and leg pain at 1 year was associated with high levels of serum IL-6, higher back pain intensity and longer duration of lumbar radicular pain at baseline.. High serum IL-6 levels, but not disc degeneration or Modic changes, were associated with less favourable recovery in patients with lumbar radicular pain. Intense initial back pain, non-surgical treatment, lower educational level and longer duration of radicular pain before treatment also correlated with a slower recovery the first year after disc herniation.

Topics: Adult; Cohort Studies; Educational Status; Female; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Linear Models; Low Back Pain; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Orthopedic Procedures; Physical Therapy Modalities; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Radiculopathy; Time-to-Treatment; Treatment Outcome

In canine intervertebral disc (IVD) disease, a useful animal model, only little is known about the inflammatory response in the epidural space.. To determine messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of selected cytokines, chemokines, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) qualitatively and semiquantitatively over the course of the disease and to correlate results to neurologic status and outcome.. Prospective study using extruded IVD material of dogs with thoracolumbar IVD extrusion.. Seventy affected and 13 control (24 samples) dogs.. Duration of neurologic signs, pretreatment, neurologic grade, severity of pain, and outcome were recorded. After diagnostic imaging, decompressive surgery was performed.. Messenger RNA expressions of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon (IFN)γ, MMP-2, MMP-9, chemokine ligand (CCL)2, CCL3, and three housekeeping genes was determined in the collected epidural material by Panomics 2.0 QuantiGene Plex technology. Relative mRNA expression and fold changes were calculated. Relative mRNA expression was correlated statistically to clinical parameters.. Fold changes of TNF, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFNγ, and CCL3 were clearly downregulated in all stages of the disease. MMP-9 was downregulated in the acute stage and upregulated in the subacute and chronic phase. Interleukin-8 was upregulated in acute cases. MMP-2 showed mild and CCL2 strong upregulation over the whole course of the disease. In dogs with severe pain, CCL3 and IFNγ were significantly higher compared with dogs without pain (p=.017/.020). Dogs pretreated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs revealed significantly lower mRNA expression of IL-8 (p=.017).. The high CCL2 levels and upregulated MMPs combined with downregulated T-cell cytokines and suppressed pro-inflammatory genes in extruded canine disc material indicate that the epidural reaction is dominated by infiltrating monocytes differentiating into macrophages with tissue remodeling functions. These results will help to understand the pathogenic processes representing the basis for novel therapeutic approaches. The canine IVD disease model will be rewarding in this process.

Topics: Animals; Chemokine CXCL2; Decompression, Surgical; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Epidural Space; Female; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-8; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; RNA, Messenger; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

The expression of proinflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2) ) is significantly correlated with the symptoms of herniated disc disease. Among the different types of immune cells, macrophages are frequently noted in the herniated disc tissue. We undertook this study to clarify the interaction of the intervertebral disc (IVD) and macrophages with regard to the production of TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, and PGE(2) .. We developed 2 animal models to assess the interactions of IVDs with macrophages in terms of TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, and PGE(2) production and pain-related behavior. We also cocultured IVDs and macrophages to assess the role of TNFα in IL-6, IL-8, and PGE(2) production.. IVD autografts induced TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) up-regulation; macrophage infiltration was seen shortly after the autograft was implanted. A significant decrease was noted in the mechanical threshold of the ipsilateral paw following the up-regulation of TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, and COX-2 mRNA. Only IVD and macrophage cocultures resulted in IL-8 and PGE(2) up-regulation. TNFα up-regulation was maximized before that of IL-6 and IL-8. TNFα neutralization attenuated production of IL-6 and PGE(2) , but not that of IL-8. Neutralization of TNFα and IL-8 significantly increased the paw withdrawal mechanical threshold in the IVD autograft and spinal nerve ligation model.. IVD-macrophage interaction plays a major role in sciatica and in the production of TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, and PGE(2) . TNFα is required for IL-6 and PGE(2) production, but not for IL-8 production, during IVD-macrophage interaction. Neutralization of TNFα and IL-8 can be a valuable therapy for herniated disc disease.

Topics: Animals; Cell Communication; Coculture Techniques; Cyclooxygenase 2; Cytokines; Dinoprostone; Hyperalgesia; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Intervertebral Disc; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Macrophages; Male; Models, Animal; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Up-Regulation

Autologous nucleus pulposus obtained from coccygeal intervertebral discs was grafted on the proximal of L5 dorsal root ganglion. Pain behavior, mRNA expression of Interleukin-8 (IL-8), and immunohistochemical changes were assessed.. The purpose of this study is to investigate temporal changes of IL-8 expression in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion and the pain-related behaviors with time course and to elucidate whether repertaxin (IL-8 receptor inhibitor) attenuates pain-related behaviors in a rat model of lumbar disc herniation.. Inflammatory mediators like cytokines and chemokines have been implicated in radicular pain because of disc herniation. IL-8, known as CXCL8, is a chemokine, which has been reported to be associated with painful degenerative disc disorders and chronic inflammatory pain states.. Lumbar disc herniated rat model was made by implantation of the autologous nucleus pulposus, harvested from the coccygeal vertebra of each tail, on the left L5 nerve root just proximal to the dorsal root ganglion. Rats were tested for mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia at 2 days before surgery, and on days 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 postoperatively. Experimental group was intrathecally injected with the IL-8 receptor inhibitor at L5 level on postoperative day 10. Mechanical allodynia of the plantar surface of both hindpaw was tested on 30 minutes, 1, 3 hours, 1, 3, 5, and 10 days after administration. For the staining of astrocytes and microglia, immunohistochemical study was done 20 days after surgery.. Mechanical allodynia in ipsilateral hindpaw developed 1 day after surgery and lasted until 60 days and thermal withdrawal latency decreased significantly on the ipsilateral side 10 days after surgery and gradually increased through day 60. The IL-8 receptor inhibitor attenuated the mechanical allodynia caused by nucleus pulposus when it was administered on postoperative day 10 and reduced microglial activation and phosphorylated form of mitogen-activated protein kinase (pERK) expression in the spinal dorsal horn.. IL-8 might be a potential therapeutic target in chronic radicular neuropathic pain because of disc herniation, CXCL8 inhibitor could be one of its promising therapeutic agents.

Topics: Animals; Chemokine CXCL1; Disease Models, Animal; Ganglia, Spinal; Gene Expression; Hyperalgesia; Immunohistochemistry; Interleukin-8; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Lumbar Vertebrae; Male; Pain; Pain Measurement; Posterior Horn Cells; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Interleukin-8A; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Sulfonamides; Time Factors

To explore the effects of removing dampness and promoting diuresis method on autoimmune and immuno-inflammatory response caused by nucleus pulposus of rats, in order to provide the basis for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation with Chinese medical immunotherapy.. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups randomly according to body weight layer:sham operation group (group A), model contrast group (group B), colchicine tablets group (group C), modified Qingyao decoction group (group D). There were 10 rats in each group. Nucleus pulposus of coccygeal vertebra was transplanted to the gluteal muscle by operation in groups B, C, D, which can lead to autoimmune and immuno-inflammatory response of rats; the rats of group A were only treated with sham operation. At the 3rd day after operation, the rats were fed through intragastric administration, the group A and B with distilled water (10 ml/kg), the group C and D respectively with suspension of colchicine tablets (10 ml/kg, 0.01 mg/ml) and water-decocted liquid of modified Qingyao decoction (10 ml/kg,1.035 g/ml), once a day and continuous medication for 18 days. All rats were killed at the 21th day after operation. The immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-8 (IL-8) level in serum of different groups were detected by ELISA method. At the same time, surrounding tissues of the transplanted nucleus pulposus were observed by pathological section.. The level of IgG, IgM, IL-1beta, IL-8 in serum of group B was significantly higher than that of group A (P < 0.01), while the level of IgG, IgM, IL-1beta, IL-8 in serum of group C, D was significantly lower than that of group B (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Moreover, pathological section indicated that immuno-inflammatory response was hardly found in surgical site of group A, while local immuno-inflammatory response of surrounding tissues of the transplanted nucleus pulposus of group C and D was much lighter than that of group B.. Removing dampness and promoting diuresis method could inhibit autoimmune and immuno-inflammatory response caused by nucleus pulposus of rats.

Topics: Animals; Autoimmunity; Disease Models, Animal; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-8; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Lumbar Vertebrae; Male; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Rats; Rats, Wistar

In vitro stimulation of human intervertebral disc (IVD) cells.. To investigate the oxidative/nitrosative effects of peroxynitrite on human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells.. Peroxynitrite is an important tissue-damaging species generated at sites of inflammation and degeneration. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of oxidative/nitrosative stress caused by peroxynitrite and the peroxynitrite donor SIN-1 in human NP cells.. Degenerated human IVD tissue was analyzed for nitrosylation by immunofluorescence. In addition, human NP cells were isolated from IVDs, expanded and stimulated either with peroxynitrite itself or a stable peroxynitrite donor (SIN-1). Nitrosylation, accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, and cell viability were analyzed by fluorescence. Gene expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 was quantified by real-time (RT)-PCR.. Degenerated IVD tissue showed strong nitrosylation, especially in the NP. Isolated human NP cells showed a strong signal for nitrosylation and intracellular reactive oxygen species on stimulation with peroxynitrite or SIN-1. NF-kappaB/p65 sustained nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB/p65 and stimulation of IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8 expression was noted on treatment of cells with SIN-1.. This study provides evidence that peroxynitrite may play a role in disc degeneration and discogenic back pain development by an increased synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. Nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB was identified as the potential underlying pathway. Therefore, neutralizing peroxynitrite and its derivatives (e.g., via the use of antioxidants) may be a novel treatment option for discogenic back pain.

Topics: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; Adolescent; Adult; Cell Nucleus; Cells, Cultured; Female; Gene Expression; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Intervertebral Disc; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Male; Middle Aged; Molsidomine; Nitric Oxide Donors; Peroxynitrous Acid; Reactive Oxygen Species; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Transcription Factor RelA; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Tyrosine

This study was conducted to investigate the expression of cytokines and growth factors in disc specimens obtained from patients with herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) and degenerated disc disease (DDD).. MRI and Western blot analyses were performed to evaluate the levels of disc degeneration and the expression levels of cytokines and growth factors.. The levels of TNF-alpha and IL-8 were significantly greater in the DDD group than in the HNP group, but no statistical differences were observed in the expression of IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-12 between the HNP and DDD groups. In addition, the expression of TGF beta, VEGF and NGF was significantly higher in the DDD group than in the HNP group.. The greater levels of cytokine and growth factor expression in the DDD group than in the HNP explain why discogenic patients usually have more severe back pain than patients with herniated discs.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Cytokines; Female; Humans; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Interleukin-12; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Low Back Pain; Male; Middle Aged; Nerve Growth Factor; Spinal Diseases; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Herniated intervertebral disc tissue has been shown to produce a number of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines, but there have been no similar studies using discs from patients with discogenic low back pain. We have compared the levels of production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in disc tissue from patients undergoing discectomy for sciatica (63) with that from patients undergoing fusion for discogenic low back pain (20) using an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. There was a statistically significant difference between levels of production of IL-6 and IL-8 in the sciatica and low back pain groups (p < 0.006 and p < 0.003, respectively). The high levels of proinflammatory mediator found in disc tissue from patients undergoing fusion suggest that production of proinflammatory mediators within the nucleus pulposus may be a major factor in the genesis of a painful lumbar disc.

Topics: Adult; Diskectomy; Female; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Intervertebral Disc; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Male; Sciatica; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha