interleukin-8 and Insect-Bites-and-Stings

Venom immunotherapy (VIT) is an effective treatment method and is addressed to patients with a history of an anaphylactic reaction to Hymenoptera stings. However, the immunological mechanisms of protection have not been explained yet. The objective of this study was to analyze neutrophils, interleukin 8 (IL-8) and interleukin 17 (IL-17) before and after the initial phase of the immunotherapy.. Overall, 40 individuals, including 20 wasp venom sensitized and 20 bee venom sensitized patients, were included in the study. The patients had had a history of severe allergic reactions type III and IV according to Mueller's classification. An ultra-rush VIT protocol was used in this study. The concentration of serum IL-8 and IL-17A was determined using the ELISA enzymatic method.. The authors demonstrated a significant rise in the IL-8 level after the immunotherapy, compared to baseline (14.9 vs. 24.7, p < 0.05). The rise in the neutrophils level was also noticeable but proved to be barely out of the range of statistical significance (4.3 vs. 5.0, p = 0.06). The shift in IL-17A was negligent and not statistically significant in the paired samples t-test (1.6 vs. 1.5, p = 0.34).. Venom immunotherapy induces neutrophils and IL-8 activity after 2 days. After the desensitization, the level of IL-17A did not change. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2020;33(6):811-7.

Topics: Adult; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Arthropod Venoms; Bees; Desensitization, Immunologic; Female; Humans; Insect Bites and Stings; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-8; Leukocyte Count; Male; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Wasps

The plasma levels of interleukin-8 (

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Case-Control Studies; China; Female; Humans; Incidence; Insect Bites and Stings; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Receptors, Interleukin-8A; Receptors, Interleukin-8B; ROC Curve; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome; Wasps; Young Adult

Mosquito bites can elicit dermal hypersensitivity reactions, but little is known about the chemotactic factors for host leukocytes in mosquito saliva. In this study, we determined that saliva from a malarial vector mosquito, Anopheles stephensi, possesses intense neutrophil chemotactic activity. In contrast, the midgut extract had only marginal neutrophil chemotactic activity. Eosinophil chemotactic activity was detected in the midgut but not in the saliva. According to the results of size-exclusion HPLC on a G3000SW column and Western blot analysis, the apparent molecular weight (MW) of the main neutrophil chemotactic factor (NCF) was estimated to be 200 kDa. NCF could bind with IgG from the pooled serum of Solomon islanders, whereas not with that of healthy Japanese. NCF activity was increased upon heating to 56 degrees C for 30 min or protease digestion, whereas it was affected by periodate treatment. Protease-digested NCF and naive NCF bound to lentil lectin-Sepharose, and both were eluted with a competitive sugar, methyl-alpha-D-glucoside. These results indicate that A. stephensi saliva-derived NCF is a high MW glycoprotein, and its protein moiety is important for neutrophil chemotactic activity. This NCF is thought to contribute to the inflammatory reactions through the accumulation of neutrophils at the site of the mosquito bite.

Topics: Allergens; Animals; Anopheles; Antigens; Blotting, Western; Chemotactic Factors, Eosinophil; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Eosinophils; Female; Humans; Insect Bites and Stings; Interleukin-8; Male; Mice; Molecular Weight; Neutrophils; Saliva; Salivary Glands

The mechanism by which specific immunotherapy exerts its beneficial effect remains unclear. Chemokines are implicated in inflammatory and allergic diseases, in particular via their ability to induce histamine release from basophils, a potential early target of rush venom immunotherapy (RVIT), In this study, the authors evaluated ex vivo regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) production and mRNA expression by mononuclear cells (MNC) from nine patients undergoing a 3.5-h ultra rush treatment, before treatment at Day 0 (D0), at the end of the 3.5-h of the rush at Day 4h (D4h), at Day 15 (D15) and Day 45 (D45) after treatment. Increased RANTES release and mRNA expression were observed in 24-h culture of peripheral blood MNC collected at D4h. This was followed by a decrease in the production of RANTES, IL-8 and MCP-1, 45 days after initiation of RVIT. The same pattern was observed after in vitro venom stimulation of MNC. At the mRNA level, similar profiles were observed except for IL-8 mRNA which inversely increased during RVIT. These results suggest that RVIT is associated with a general decrease in chemokines which may explain, in part, the clinical efficacy of specific immunotherapy.

Topics: Animals; Chemokine CCL2; Chemokine CCL5; Desensitization, Immunologic; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Insect Bites and Stings; Interleukin-8; RNA, Messenger; Wasp Venoms; Wasps