interleukin-8 and Gingival-Pocket

Varying cytokine responses of human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs) by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans subtypes have been found. Most studies have used reference strains, whereas a few has evaluated the cytokine expression in response to clinical subtypes of this bacterial species. This study aimed to examine whether there was any difference in cytokine responses of HGECs stimulated with cell wall extract (CWE) from A. actinomycetemcomitans subtypes included clinical strains from Thai adult periodontitis, various serotypes and non-serotypeable strains, strains from deep or shallow pockets, and reference serotype strains. Totally 50 clinical strains and 7 reference strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans were analyzed for the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α mRNAs in HGECs by real time-PCR, and the IL-8 concentrations in cell-free supernatant measured using ELISA. An in vitro effect of released IL-8 on neutrophil migration was examined using transwell chambers. Result showed that among four cytokines studied, IL-8 mRNA was highly up-regulated by both clinical and reference strains. Serotype f revealed the highest expression compared to other serotypes. The JP2-like leukotoxin promoter gene and non-serotypeable (NS1 and NS2) demonstrated lower IL-8 responses compared to serotypeable strains, and IL-8 responses upon stimulation with clinical strains from deep pockets were also significantly lower than those isolated from shallow pockets (P < 0.01). Our findings suggest that the clinical isolates of A. actinomycetemcomitans associating with deep pockets, JP2-like leukotoxin promoter gene, NS1, and NS2 may interfere neutrophil function via minimal and immunosuppressing IL-8 responses, which may enhance their survival and virulence.

Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Cell Movement; Cell Wall; Cells, Cultured; Exotoxins; Gingiva; Gingival Pocket; Humans; Interleukin-8; Neutrophils; Periodontitis; Promoter Regions, Genetic; RNA, Messenger

The aim of the present study was to compare concentrations of cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and a metalloproteinase inhibitor (TIMP-1) in gingival crevicular fluids (GCF) from sites with gingival inflammation in 28 young patients with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS), and in age- and gender-matched controls. Each group consisted of 17 females and 11 males with a mean age of 11.0 years (range 4-22 years). In both groups, anterior upper sites with a clinical diagnosis of gingival inflammation and with pockets < or = 3 mm were selected for sampling of GCF, which was carried out with filter disks inserted into the gingival crevice until saturated. The concentrations of cytokines (IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-8), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-8, and MMP-9), and their tissue inhibitor (TIMP-1) were analysed using commercial ELISA kits. Significantly higher levels of IL-1beta (P < 0.001) and MMP-8 (P < 0.05) were disclosed among the PLS patients compared with their controls, while the opposite was found for IL-8 (P < 0.05) and MMP-1 (P < 0.001). The individual variations were considerable in both groups. When comparing the expression of cytokines, MMPs, and TIMP-1 in PLS patients with clinically active and non-active periodontitis, the non-active PLS patients showed significantly higher values of IL-1beta than the patients with active periodontal disease (ANOVA, P < 0.01). In conclusion, this study was unable to demonstrate a clear-cut pathognomonic expression of cytokines or MMPs in patients with PLS, but further studies on cytokine and MMP output are warranted.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Cytokines; Female; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingival Pocket; Gingivitis; Humans; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-8; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Papillon-Lefevre Disease; Periodontitis; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

The objective of this study was to determine and compare concentrations and ratios of 3 proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL) IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8 within gingival tissue biopsies adjacent to < or = 3, 4 to 6, or >6 mm sulci. All gingiva adjacent to > or = 4 mm sulci had clinical evidence of active inflammation. Factorial analysis of variance suggested significant effects of sulcus depth on the type and concentration of the three cytokines in the adjacent gingiva (P < 0.001). IL-8 concentrations were highest in gingiva adjacent to < or = 3 and lowest adjacent to >6 mm sulci (P < 0.001). In contrast, IL-6 concentrations were lowest in gingiva adjacent to < or = 6 mm and highest adjacent to >6 mm sites. IL-1beta concentrations were highest in gingiva adjacent to >6 mm and lowest adjacent to 4 to 6 mm sites; they were also higher adjacent to < or = 3 mm than adjacent to 4 to 6 mm sites (P < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis suggested that sulcular depth, type of cytokine, and cytokine concentration were significantly correlated (P < 0.001). Ratios of gingival cytokines changed with increased sulcular depth. In gingiva adjacent to < or = 6 mm sites, IL-8 was the most and IL-6 the least prevalent. In gingiva adjacent to > or = 6 mm sites, IL-8 was the least and IL-1-beta the most prevalent. The data suggest that the characteristics of the gingival cytokine network are affected by adjacent sulcular depth. These data could be used to design adjunct diagnostic tests for progression of periodontal diseases.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Biopsy; Collagen; Disease Progression; Gingiva; Gingival Pocket; Gingivitis; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Neutrophils; Plasma Cells; Regression Analysis