interleukin-8 and Food-Hypersensitivity

Topics: Arachidonic Acid; Arachidonic Acids; Aspirin; Autacoids; Chemotactic Factors; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Cytoplasmic Granules; Food Hypersensitivity; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Histamine; Histamine Release; Humans; Interleukin-8; Intestinal Mucosa; Lymphoid Tissue; Mast Cells; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; Prostaglandins; Urticaria

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Asthma; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chemotactic Factors; Food Hypersensitivity; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-8; Lung; Mast Cells; Time Factors

The prevalence of fish allergy among fish-processing workers is higher than in the general population, possibly due to sensitization via inhalation and higher exposure. However, the response of the bronchial epithelium to fish allergens has never been explored. Parvalbumins (PVs) from bony fish are major sensitizers in fish allergy, while cartilaginous fish and their PVs are considered less allergenic. Increasing evidence demonstrates that components other than proteins from the allergen source, such as low molecular weight components smaller than 3 kDa (LMC) from pollen, may act as adjuvants during allergic sensitization. We investigated the response of bronchial epithelial cells to PVs and to LMC from Atlantic cod, a bony fish, and gummy shark, a cartilaginous fish. Polarized monolayers of the bronchial epithelial cell line 16HBE14o- were stimulated apically with fish PVs and/-or the corresponding fish LMC. Barrier integrity, transport of PVs across the monolayers and release of mediators were monitored. Intact PVs from both the bony and the cartilaginous fish were rapidly internalized by the cells and transported to the basolateral side of the monolayers. The PVs did not disrupt the epithelial barrier integrity nor did they modify the release of proinflammatory cytokines. In contrast, LMC from both fish species modified the physical and immunological properties of the epithelial barrier and the responses differed between bony and cartilaginous fish. While the barrier integrity was lowered by cod LMC 24 h after cell stimulation, it was increased by up to 2.3-fold by shark LMC. Furthermore, LMC from both fish species increased basolateral and apical release of IL-6 and IL-8, while CCL2 release was increased by cod but not by shark LMC. In summary, our study demonstrated the rapid transport of PVs across the epithelium which may result in their availability to antigen presenting cells required for allergic sensitization. Moreover, different cell responses to LMC derived from bony versus cartilaginous fish were observed, which may play a role in different allergenic potentials of these two fish classes.

Topics: Allergens; Animals; Bronchi; Cell Line; Chemokine CCL2; Cytokines; Epithelial Cells; Fishes; Food Hypersensitivity; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Molecular Weight; Parvalbumins; Seafood

In celiac disease (CD), gluten induces both adaptive and innate immune responses. Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is another form of gluten intolerance where the immune response is less characterized. The aim of our study was to explore and compare the early mucosal immunological events in CD and NCGS.. We challenged 30 HLA-DQ2(+) NCGS and 15 CD patients, all on a gluten-free diet, with four slices of gluten-containing bread daily for 3 days. Duodenal biopsy specimens were collected before and after challenge. The specimens were examined for cytokine mRNA by quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR and for MxA-expression and CD3(+) intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) by immunohistochemistry and compared with specimens from untreated CD patients and disease controls.. In CD patients, tumor necrosis factor alpha (P=0.02) and interleukin 8 (P=0.002) mRNA increased after in vivo gluten challenge. The interferon gamma (IFN-γ) level of treated CD patients was high both before and after challenge and did not increase significantly (P=0.06). Four IFN-γ-related genes increased significantly. Treated and untreated CD patients had comparable levels of IFN-γ. Increased expression of MxA in treated CD patients after challenge suggested that IFN-α was activated on gluten challenge. In NCGS patients only IFN-γ increased significantly (P=0.03). mRNA for heat shock protein (Hsp) 27 or Hsp70 did not change in any of the groups. Importantly, we found that the density of IELs was higher in NCGS patients compared with disease controls, independent of challenge, although lower than the level for treated CD patients.. CD patients mounted a concomitant innate and adaptive immune response to gluten challenge. NCGS patients had increased density of intraepithelial CD3(+) T cells before challenge compared with disease controls and increased IFN-γ mRNA after challenge. Our results warrant further search for the pathogenic mechanisms for NCGS.

Topics: Adult; Aged; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Biopsy; Caspase 1; CD3 Complex; Celiac Disease; Diet, Gluten-Free; Duodenum; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Food Hypersensitivity; Glutens; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-8; Intestinal Mucosa; Lymphocyte Count; Lymphocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; STAT1 Transcription Factor; T-Lymphocytes; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Up-Regulation

Pru p 3 is the major peach allergen and the most frequent cause of food allergy in adults in the Mediterranean area. Although its allergenicity is well characterized, its ability to generate a T-cell response is not completely known.. To investigate the influence of Pru p 3 allergen on dendritic cell (DC) maturation and specific T-cell response (T(H)1/T(H)2) in peach allergic patients.. Peach allergic patients (n = 11) and tolerant controls (n = 14) were included in the study. Monocyte-derived DC maturation after incubation with Pru p 3 was evaluated by the increase of maturational markers (CD80, CD86, and CD83) by flow cytometry. Lymphocyte proliferation was evaluated by coculturing monocyte-derived DCs and 5,6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate N-succinimidyl ester-stained lymphocytes with different concentrations of Pru p 3 (25, 10, and 1 μg/mL) by flow cytometry and cytokine production.. Pru p 3 induced a significant increase in the CD80, CD86, and CD83 expression on stimulated DCs from patients compared with controls. The lymphocyte proliferative response after Pru p 3 stimulation was also significantly higher along with an increase in interleukin 8 in patients compared with tolerant controls.. Pru p 3 allergen induces changes in DC maturational status mainly in peach allergic patients. An increase in lymphocyte proliferative response accompanied with a different cytokine pattern was also observed compared with healthy controls.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Allergens; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Plant; B7-1 Antigen; B7-2 Antigen; Case-Control Studies; CD83 Antigen; Cell Proliferation; Dendritic Cells; Female; Flow Cytometry; Fluoresceins; Food Hypersensitivity; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Interleukin-8; Lymphocyte Activation; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Middle Aged; Monocytes; Plant Proteins; Prunus; Th1 Cells; Th1-Th2 Balance; Th2 Cells

We investigated the inhibitory effects of quercetin and kaempferol treatment on the suppression of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic responses in relation to intestinal epithelium barrier function in RBL-2H3 and Caco-2 cells.. RBL-2H3 cells as a model of intestinal mucosa mast cells were treated with flavonols followed by IgE-anti-dinitrophenyl sensitization. The extent of degranulation and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured. Caco-2 cells were stimulated with interleukin (IL)-4 or IgE-allergen with or without flavonol pretreatment and changes in the expression of CD23 mRNA and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and chemokine release were determined.. Flavonols inhibited the secretion of allergic mediators in RBL-2H3 cells and suppressed the CD23 mRNA expression and p38 MAPK activation in IL-4 stimulated Caco-2 cells. Flavonols also suppressed IgE-OVA induced extra signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) activation and chemokine release.. Quercetin and kaempferol effectively suppressed the development of IgE-mediated allergic inflammation of intestinal cell models.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Caco-2 Cells; Chemokine CCL20; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; Food Hypersensitivity; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immunoglobulin E; Inflammation; Interleukin-8; Intestinal Mucosa; Kaempferols; Molecular Structure; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Quercetin; Receptors, IgE

The evaluation of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) concentration--one of late allergy reaction markers was performed in serum of children with food allergy and children with food allergy and H. pylori or Giardia lamblia infection of the gastrointestinal tract. The ECP values were referred to the characteristics of histopathological changes in gastric mucosa and to the values of cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-8) determined in biopsy specimens of gastric mucosa from these patients. The studies indicate that the exclusive evaluation of ECP concentration in serum does not reflect unequivocally the severity of pathological changes of gastric mucosa in children with food allergy.

Topics: Adolescent; Blood Proteins; Case-Control Studies; Child; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Eosinophil Granule Proteins; Female; Food Hypersensitivity; Gastric Mucosa; Giardiasis; Helicobacter Infections; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Interleukin-4; Interleukin-5; Interleukin-8; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Ribonucleases

Patients with food allergy (FA) have been recently shown to develop bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), despite the absence of any concomitant asthmatic manifestation. In order to explain this observation, we sought to examine the presence of a bronchial inflammation in induced sputum of nonasthmatic patients with FA.. Twelve nonasthmatic patients with FA (urticaria, digestive symptoms, anaphylaxis) were included in the study. Results were compared to these obtained from eight asthmatic patients without food allergy and eight healthy controls. Diagnosis of FA was based on double-blind placebo-controlled challenge. Sputum cells and fluid-phase eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were measured in induced sputum. BHR was evaluated using methacholine inhalation.. Sputum from asthmatics, in comparison with the sputum of healthy subjects and patients with FA contained a higher proportion of eosinophils and higher levels of ECP (< 0.001). In marked contrast, patients with FA exhibited an increased proportion of neutrophils and IL-8 in comparison with asthmatics and controls (P < 0.05 for neutrophils and P < 0.001 for IL-8). There was a significant correlation between sputum neutrophils and IL-8 (r = 0.68, P < 0.001). MPO levels were not different between the groups. There was a trend toward higher levels of IL-8 and ECP in food allergic patients with BHR in comparison with patients with FA without BHR.. Our results demonstrate that a subclinical neutrophil airway inflammation is present in patients with food allergy free of clinical respiratory symptoms and that IL-8 may be an important mediator of this neutrophilia.

Topics: Adult; Asthma; Blood Proteins; Bronchial Hyperreactivity; Double-Blind Method; Eosinophil Granule Proteins; Eosinophils; Food Hypersensitivity; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Interleukin-8; Leukocyte Count; Neutrophils; Peroxidase; Respiratory Function Tests; Ribonucleases; Skin Tests; Sputum; Statistics as Topic