interleukin-8 and Eye-Infections--Viral

The inflammatory chemokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and IL-8, are produced by normal trabecular meshwork cells (TM) and elevated in the aqueous humor of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and hypertensive anterior uveitis associated with viral infection. However, their role in TM cells and aqueous humor outflow remains unclear. Here, we explored the possible involvement of MCP-1 and IL-8 in the physiology of TM cells in the context of aqueous outflow, and the viral anterior uveitis. We found that the stimulation of human TM cells with MCP-1 and IL-8 induced significant increase in the formation of actin stress fibers and focal adhesions, myosin light chain phosphorylation, and the contraction of TM cells. MCP-1 and IL-8 also demonstrated elevation of extracellular matrix proteins, and the migration of TM cells. When TM cells were infected with HSV-1 and CMV virus, there was a significant increase in cytoskeletal contraction and Rho-GTPase activation. Viral infection of TM cells revealed significantly increased expression of MCP-1 and IL-8. Taken together, these results indicate that MCP-1 and IL-8 induce TM cell contractibility, fibrogenic activity, and plasticity, which are presumed to increase resistance to aqueous outflow in viral anterior uveitis and POAG.

Topics: Adult; Aqueous Humor; Cell Movement; Cells, Cultured; Chemokine CCL2; Cytomegalovirus; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Eye Infections, Viral; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Humans; Interleukin-8; Middle Aged; Primary Cell Culture; Receptors, CCR2; Receptors, Interleukin-8A; Trabecular Meshwork; Uveitis, Anterior

To describe and to compare the clinical manifestation and laboratory test results of herpetic anterior uveitis (HAU) caused by Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV).. A retrospective, observational study on patients diagnosed with HAU. Etiology, clinical features, ocular complications, and recurrences of the infection were evaluated as main clinical parameters. The aqueous Interleukin-8 (IL-8) level was also measured to assess the intraocular inflammation.. Thirty-two eyes (32 patients) were involved. Among all involved cases, 24 had VZV-AU and 8 had HSV-AU. Common clinical features of HAU included the presence of KPs (90.6%), distorted pupil (83.3%), Iris atrophy (71.9%) and corneal edema (50%). The intraocular fluid analysis showed higher viral load and IL-8 level in VZV-AU.. Compared with HSV-AU, the intraocular inflammation was more severe in VZV-AU. The intraocular fluid analysis was valuable for the etiological diagnosis and the evaluation of disease severity.

Topics: Acyclovir; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antiviral Agents; Aqueous Humor; Asian People; China; Drug Therapy, Combination; Eye Infections, Viral; Female; Glucocorticoids; Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus; Herpesviridae Infections; Herpesvirus 3, Human; Humans; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Referral and Consultation; Retrospective Studies; Simplexvirus; Uveitis, Anterior; Valacyclovir; Viral Load; Visual Acuity; Young Adult

Adenovirus type 19 (Ad19) infection of the human cornea results in a chronic, multifocal, subepithelial keratitis. Existing evidence suggests that early subepithelial corneal infiltrates are composed of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. In this study, the capacity of Ad19-infected human corneal stromal fibroblasts (HCFs) to produce neutrophil chemotactants (chemokines) was tested.. HCFs grown from human donor corneas and passaged thrice were infected with a corneal isolate of Ad19 or mock-infected with virus-free media. Bioactivity of the cell supernatants was tested by a neutrophil chemotaxis assay. Supernatants were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the neutrophil chemotactants interleukin-8 (IL-8) and GRO-alpha. Corneal facsimiles were generated with HCFs and collagen type I, infected with Ad19, and assayed by immunohistochemistry.. Ad19 infection of HCFs increased neutrophil chemotaxis from a baseline of 0.4+/-0.7 cells/high-powered field (hpf; mock-infected) to 21.8+/-2.3 cells/hpf (Ad19-infected). Chemotaxis was reduced by the addition of neutralizing antibodies against IL-8 and GRO-alpha. Infection of HCFs induced quantities of IL-8 protein 300- and 1000-fold over mock-infected controls at 4 and 24 hours, respectively (33 versus 11,813 pg/mL at 4 hours, and 57 versus 76,376 pg/mL at 24 hours, P< or = 0.001 for both). In contrast, GRO-alpha protein levels were only sevenfold higher at 24 hours postinfection (118 pg/mL in mock-infected controls versus 880 pg/mL in Ad19-infected cell supernatants). Neither chemokine was induced by infection of an immortalized human corneal epithelial cell line. Immunohistochemistry of infected corneal facsimiles demonstrated IL-8 in the extracellular matrix within 3 days after infection.. Production of chemokines in infected tissues facilitates an early innate immune response to infection, and in the infected corneal stroma represents an elementary defense mechanism. Interleukin-8 may play a role in the development of subepithelial infiltrates in adenovirus keratitis.

Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Cells, Cultured; Chemokine CXCL1; Chemokines, CXC; Chemotactic Factors; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Corneal Stroma; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Eye Infections, Viral; Fibroblasts; Growth Substances; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Interleukin-8; Keratitis; Neutrophils