interleukin-8 and Eye-Diseases

Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Blindness; Blood Vessels; Endothelial Growth Factors; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Eye Diseases; Female; Fibroblast Growth Factor 1; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; Humans; Inflammation; Integrins; Interleukin-8; Lymphokines; Male; Neoplasms; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Receptors, Vitronectin; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors

Anti-inflammatory effect of soluble secreted compounds of probiotic bacteria was widely demonstrated as therapy for different inflammatory diseases, but was not investigated in inflammatory eye disorders. The aim of this study was to determine whether

Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Eye Diseases; Female; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Lactobacillus plantarum; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Ophthalmic Solutions; Probiotics; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Alterations in serum cytokine levels and profiles have been reported in association with a variety of disease conditions (e.g., allergic, immune-mediated, etc.) in both humans and animals. In comparison to serum cytokine measurements, tear cytokine measurements might be expected to more accurately reflect the inflammatory milieu associated with periocular disease. The purpose of this study was to use a multiplexed assay to compare the cytokine profile of tears in healthy dogs to those with inflammatory skin and periocular disease. We were able to detect IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in >47 % of tear samples from both healthy canine patients and those with inflammatory dermatologic disease (with or without concurrent periocular involvement). In contrast, IL-7, IL-10 and IFN-γ were rarely detected. Dogs with both dermatologic and periocular disease (but not dermatologic disease alone) had higher levels of IL-8 (P < 0.001, P > 0.05, respectively) relative to healthy dogs. Patients with concurrent dermatologic and periocular disease also demonstrated significantly greater variability in IL-8 concentrations between eyes than did healthy dogs (P < 0.0001). Our findings suggest that tear cytokine analysis may prove to be a useful tool to investigate the role and interactions of the local ocular immune response in patients with inflammatory periocular disease.

Topics: Animals; Cytokines; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Eye; Eye Diseases; Female; Interleukin-2; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Male; Skin Diseases; Tears; Tumor Necrosis Factors

This study aimed to clarify predictive biomarkers of mild and severe ocular complications of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) by examining the cytokines in tears. In 121 chronic-phase SJS/TEN eyes, cytokines in tear samples collected using Schirmer test strips were measured, and ocular sequelae severity was evaluated using an Ocular Surface Grading Score (OSGS) involving 7 components (conjunctivalization, neovascularization, opacification, keratinization, symblepharon, and upper/lower conjunctival-sac shortening), with findings categorized into grades 0-3 (maximum total OSGS: 21). Changes in cytokines between the mild and severe groups (mild: total OSGS of 10 or less, severe: total OSGS of 11 or more), and changes between SJS/TEN cases with and without each of the 7 components, were compared. In the severe group, there was significant upregulation of interleukin (IL)-8 (P < 0.01) and Granzyme B (GrzB) (P < 0.05). IL-8 was significantly upregulated in eyes with conjunctivalization, neovascularization, or opacification, GrzB was upregulated in eyes with keratinization, interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) was downregulated in eyes with conjunctivalization or neovascularization, and IL-1α was upregulated in eyes with opacification (all: P < 0.05). IL-8 and IP-10 was involved in conjunctivalization and neovascularization, while GrzB was involved in keratinization. IL-8 and GrzB in tears may reflect SJS/TEN-related ocular sequelae severity.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Chemokine CXCL10; Child; Disease Progression; Early Diagnosis; Eye Diseases; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Granzymes; Humans; Interleukin-1alpha; Interleukin-8; Male; Severity of Illness Index; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome; Tears; Young Adult

Delayed keratitis is the most dangerous ocular complication of sulfur mustard (SM) exposure. This study aimed to evaluate the role of tear and serum levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in SM exposed subjects.. In this historical cohort study, the experimental group included 370 participants who had been exposed to SM 20 years prior. Data were compared with those of 128 unexposed participants as the control group. After completing a thorough systemic and ocular examination, serum IL-8 levels in all exposed and controls were compared. According to the statistical calculation, tear IL-8 levels, were compared in randomly selected 48 exposed and 37 controls. Based on the ocular findings, the selected subjects were divided into two subgroups, normal subjects include those participants who had no ocular signs and abnormal subjects, were those who had at least one or more ocular signs.. Bulbar conjunctiva and limbal tissues evaluation in all participants showed a significantly higher number of abnormalities in exposed group than in the control group (P=0.004 and P=0.048 respectively). Serum IL-8 levels in all exposed were significantly lower than the matched controls (P=0.002). Tear IL-8 levels in the selected exposed were significantly lower than in the selected controls (P=0.030). In exposed group with normal conditions of the lids, bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, tear status, limbus, slit lamp findings and final ophthalmic assessment, tear IL-8 levels were significantly lower than in the matched controls (P=0.022, 0.037, 0.027, 0.050, 0.039, 0.029, 0.045 respectively). With respect to the global ophthalmic assessment, tear fluid IL-8 levels in the abnormal controls were significantly lower than in the normal controls (P=0.049), but this decrease in secretion of tear IL-8 were not encountered in abnormal exposed (P=0.415).. Tear IL-8 secretion was significantly inhibited in the unexposed controls with ocular surface abnormalities, while these inhibitory responses were not encountered in SM-exposed cases with ocular surface abnormalities.

Topics: Adult; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cohort Studies; Eye Diseases; Humans; Interleukin-8; Iran; Male; Middle Aged; Mustard Gas; Tears; Veterans; Young Adult

To test a new multiple endpoint analysis (MEA) including occludin gene expression for screening the ocular irritation potential of tear substitutes on human corneal epithelium (HCE), an in vitro model proposed to limit the use of animal testing in pre-clinical studies.. Four chemically-preserved and two non chemically-preserved tear substitutes were tested after acute (24h, 24h+24h post incubation) and repeated applications (for 72h) and compared to the positive control, benzalkonium chloride (BAK) at 0.1% and 0.01%, by assessing complementary parameters. Cellular viability was evaluated using MTT, histomorphologic analysis was performed on H&E stained vertical sections, IL-8 release was measured by ELISA, and occludin gene expression was quantified using qRT-PCR.. Cellular viability was moderately reduced by Perborate and Polyquad-preserved tear substitutes and dramatically reduced by BAK and by Thiomersal and Oxyd preserved tear substitutes. Thiomersal also increased IL-8 release. Occludin expression profiles were modified by the four chemically-preserved tear substitutes and by the mechanically-preserved Comod, but not by the mechanically-preserved Abak. The behavior of BAK and tear substitutes led us to propose a prediction model for the classification of different levels of irritants, mainly based on the occludin transcriptional study.. The versatility and sensitivity of the HCE model allowed the modeling of cumulative effects that may approach conditions obtained after long term application of tear substitutes. Thus, the modified MEA proposed in this study represents a valuable tool for in vitro eye irritation assessment with the power to detect mild irritants and subclinical eye irritant potential.

Topics: Cell Survival; Coloring Agents; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Eye Diseases; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Gene Expression; Genetic Markers; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Interleukin-8; Irritants; Membrane Proteins; Occludin; Ophthalmic Solutions; Reproducibility of Results; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Tetrazolium Salts; Thiazoles

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder. It is caused by mutations in the protein-coding gene of chromosome 7, resulting in chronic pulmonary disease and pancreatic insufficiency. The disease affects all secretory epithelia, including the eye. The pathogenesis of ocular changes in CF is still unknown, but the involvement of immunologic processes in patients with CF has been studied in recent years. We measured interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels in tears in a group of patients and a group of normal controls to determine if the levels of these cytokines are elevated in CF. The levels of these cytokines in tears and the clinical severity of CF and eye disease were compared. Tear samples were collected from 24 patients with CF at the department of pediatric diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland. Cytokine levels were determined by ELISA. Ophthalmic examinations, including tests for keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye), were used to study the ocular surface. The tear levels of IL-8 and IFN-gamma in the CF patients were significantly higher than those in controls. The clinical severity of CF correlated significantly with the IL-8 and IFN-gamma levels. We found positive correlation between the tear levels of IFN-gamma and dry eye findings in CF patients. Our results suggest that the inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and IFN-gamma may play key roles in the regulation of ocular surface inflammation and the immunologic reaction in patients with CF. The tear levels of IL-8 and IFN-gamma may be candidate markers for evaluation of the clinical status of CF and eye disease. These findings help to provide a new insight into the pathogenesis of dry eye in patients with CF and provide potential targets for therapy.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Cystic Fibrosis; Eye Diseases; Female; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-8; Male; Severity of Illness Index; Surface Properties; Tears

Orbital inflammation is common, but the mechanisms underlying leucocytic infiltration of orbital tissue are poorly understood. Human orbital fibroblasts (OF) express chemokines, interleukin 8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), when exposed to proinflammatory cytokines. The effect of dexamethasone (DEX) and cyclosporin A (CSA) on OF IL-8 and MCP-1 were examined.. Cultured human OF were incubated with recombinant interleukin 1 beta (rIL-1 beta; 0.2, 2.0, 20 ng/ml) alone or incubated with rIL-1 beta and DEX (10(-8), 10(-7), 10(-6) M) or CSA (3, 30, 300 ng/ml) for 24 hours. ELISA and northern blot analyses were performed to determine OF IL-8 and MCP-1 protein secretion and mRNA expression, respectively.. OF lacked constitutive IL-8 or MCP-1 expression, but secreted significant amounts of these chemokines and expressed substantial steady state mRNA for both chemokines upon rIL-1 beta stimulation. DEX caused dose dependent inhibition of IL-1 induced IL-8 (p < 0.001) and MCP-1 (p < 0.05) secretion and mRNA expression at all concentrations of rIL-1 beta. CSA enhanced IL-1 induced OF IL-8 (p < 0.001) and suppressed rIL-1 beta induced OF MCP-1 (p < 0.05) secretion when lower doses of rIL-1 beta were used. These effects on secreted chemokines at different concentrations of rIL-1 beta and immunomodulating agents were corroborated by steady state OF IL-8 and MCP-1 mRNA expression.. DEX is a potent inhibitor of OF IL-8 and MCP-1. In contrast, CSA enhances IL-1 induced OF IL-8 and suppresses OF MCP-1. These observations may explain the relative lack of CSA effectiveness in human orbital diseases that respond to corticosteroids.

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Blotting, Northern; Cells, Cultured; Chemokine CCL2; Chemokines; Cyclosporine; Dexamethasone; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Eye Diseases; Fibroblasts; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Interleukin-8; RNA, Messenger

To investigate whether the cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8), a strong chemoattractant and activator for neutrophils, is responsible for neutrophil infiltration and degranulation in the eye in uveitis.. IL-8 and elastase were measured with specific enzyme-linked immunoassays in vitreous fluid samples obtained from 69 patients with various uveitis entities. Vitreous fluid of nonuveitis patients and eye bank eyes served as controls. The chemotactic activity of vitreous fluid was tested with the Boyden chamber technique.. IL-8 was detected in 45% of the vitreous fluid samples from uveitis patients and in 26% of vitreous fluid samples from nonuveitis patients. Vitreous fluid samples with IL-8 levels exceeding 100 pg/ml were chemotactic for neutrophils. This chemotactic activity could be blocked by 41% to 79% with a monoclonal anti-IL-8 antibody. Elastase levels in vitreous fluid of uveitis patients with detectable IL-8 were significantly higher than those in vitreous fluid samples with no detectable IL-8.. These results indicate that IL-8 participates in the inflammatory processes in the eye by attracting and degranulating neutrophils. It is suggested that these processes contribute to the pathogenesis of tissue destruction in uveitis.

Topics: Cell Degranulation; Cells, Cultured; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Eye Diseases; Humans; Interleukin-8; Neutrophils; Pancreatic Elastase; Retinal Diseases; Uveitis; Vitreous Body

Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a cytokine with neutrophil chemotactic and activating properties, is known to be stimulated by IL-1. Fischer rats are more resistant to inflammation than Lewis rats probably due to a higher corticosteroid stress response. To determine the role of IL-8 in ocular inflammation, the effect of intravitreal injection of IL-8 was compared with that of IL-1 in both Lewis and Fischer rats. The IL-8, IL-1 alpha, or sterile balanced salt solution (control) was injected into one eye of each animal. Both IL-8 and IL-1 alpha caused inflammation in the eye of both strains, as detected by leukocyte counts of the anterior chamber and histopathologic examination. The eyes of animals injected with a cytokine had significantly higher numbers of leukocytes compared with eyes of control animals. Histopathologic examination confirmed these findings. The IL-1 alpha induced inflammation more consistently and more severely than the most effective dose of IL-8. This finding agreed with the concept of IL-1 initiating a cascade of inflammatory mediators including IL-8, which acts more specifically on a smaller population of leukocytes. A contralateral response was observed in the uninjected eye of experimental and control animals. The contralateral response in animals receiving the cytokines was significantly greater than that in controls. Lewis rats show a higher inflammatory response to the injections than do the Fischer rats. These data suggest that IL-8 may be active as one component in neutrophil-mediated ocular inflammation.

Topics: Animals; Anterior Chamber; Aqueous Humor; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Eye Diseases; Inflammation; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-8; Leukocyte Count; Male; Neutrophils; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Rats, Inbred Strains; Recombinant Proteins; Vitreous Body