interleukin-8 and Endophthalmitis

The study aimed to understand the differential immune response of methicillin susceptible. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and microglia cells (CHME-3) were exposed to MRSA and MSSA strains and analyzed for expression of inflammatory mediators by real-time quantitative PCR and validated by ELISA or immunofluorescence assay. Heatmap and STRING analysis was used to assess the differential immune expression.. Both microglia and RPE expressed TLR-2, TLR-1, TLR-6, and TLR -9 after challenge with MRSA and MSSA strains though the expression varied. MRSA-infected cells induced higher expression of IL-1β, IL-8, 1 L-10, IL-6, and GM-CSF, while TNF-α and IFN-ϒ were downregulated in comparison to MSSA-infected cells. We also demonstrate that MRSA infection leads to increased activation of MMP-9 and MMP-2 in RPE cells, while microglia expressed only MMP-9 in MRSA-infected cells.. MRSA strain can induce an exacerbated immune response in retinal cells. Giving clues for potential targets in immunomodulatory therapies.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Endophthalmitis; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; Humans; Immunity; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Methicillin; Methicillin Resistance; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Toll-Like Receptor 1; Toll-Like Receptor 2; Toll-Like Receptor 6; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

To investigate the immunopathogenesis of endophthalmitis, and determine if cytokine profiles could serve as biomarkers of disease severity in infectious endophthalmitis.. Vitreous samples of 46 patients clinically diagnosed as endophthalmitis (of which 25 were culture positive) and 20 non-infectious controls from patients with Retinal Detachment (RD) or diabetic retinopathy were included in the study. The cytokine and chemokine expression patterns of 40 immune mediators including 6 antiinflammatory cytokines, 15 proinflammatory cytokines, 9 Growth factors and 10 proinflammatory chemokines in the vitreous were were analyzed by multiplex cytokine immunoassay. In addition, significant immune mediators were correlated with initial and final visual acuity (VA).. Our results demonstrated elevated expression of 16 mediators such as GCSF, GRO, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1 RA, IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-3, MIP-1α, IL-1β, TGF-α, TNF-α in patients with culture positive endophthalmitis. Cytokine profile expression significantly differed between patients with proven endophthalmitis and the non-infectious controls in heat map analysis. PCoA plot indicated five mediators (IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-8, GRO, G-CSF) as biomarkers that could be Independent Predictors of Disease especially in culture negative cases. Correlation of cytokines with VA revealed strong association between the initial VA and intraocular levels of TGF-α, IL-1β and IL-8 but there was no correlation with the severity or visual outcome of infection.. In comparison to non-infectious ocular conditions, the pathogenesis of infectious endophthalmitis correlates with increased expression levels of IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-8, GRO, G-CSF. Understanding cytokine profiles in culture negative endophthalmitis patients could aid in therapy in non-responders to empirical antibiotic therapy.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacterial Infections; Biomarkers; Chemokine CXCL1; Child; Child, Preschool; Diabetic Retinopathy; Endophthalmitis; Female; Gene Expression; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; Humans; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Retinal Detachment; Severity of Illness Index; Visual Acuity; Vitreous Body