interleukin-8 and Depressive-Disorder

Unipolar depression is a common and debilitating disorder. Immunological explanatory approaches have become increasingly important in recent years and can be studied particularly well in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Previous studies discerned alterations in interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 levels; however, findings regarding IL-8 were partly contradictory. The aim of the present study was to investigate the concentrations of different cytokines and chemokines, focusing on IL-8, in the CSF of patients with unipolar depression.. Participants included 40 patients with unipolar depression and 39 mentally healthy controls with idiopathic intracranial hypertension. CSF cytokine levels were measured using a magnetic bead multiplexing immunoassay.. IL-8 levels in the CSF of the patient group with depression were significantly higher than those in the control group (Mean ± SD: 38.44 ± 6.26 pg/ml versus 21.40 ± 7.96 pg/ml; p < .001).. The significance of the results is limited by the retrospective design and methodological aspects.. The main findings of this study were significantly higher concentrations of IL-8 in the CSF of patients with unipolar depression than in the control group. The detection of high CSF IL-8 levels in this study supports the idea that inflammatory processes might play a role in the pathophysiology of a subgroup of patients with depression.

Topics: Chemokines; Cytokines; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Interleukin-8; Retrospective Studies

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory condition characterized by chronic dysregulation of immune responses leading to repeated episodes of inflammation in the central nervous system. Depression and fatigue are common among MS patients, even in early disease phases, and the disease course can be negatively affected by stressful events. IL-6 and IL-8 have been associated with depression and stressful life events in non-MS patients. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between depression, fatigue, and exposure to violence, with IL-6 and IL-8 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MS patients. Levels of IL-6 and -8 were analyzed in the CSF of 47 patients with relapsing-remitting MS. Correlations between IL-6 and IL-8 levels and self-rated depression and fatigue symptoms, as well as clinician-rated history of being exposed to interpersonal violence, were analyzed with correction for age, sex and MS disability status. IL-6 correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with depressive symptoms (adjusted Spearman's ρ = 0.39), fatigue (ρ = 0.39), and exposure to violence in adult life (ρ = 0.35). Depression correlated with both fatigue and being exposed to violence. Associations were not present among patients exposed to disease modifying drugs. In exploratory analyses, the relationship between exposure to violence and IL-6 was non-significant when controlled for depression. Further research should focus on replication of these results, as well as exploring the impact of stressful life events on immune regulation and the clinical characteristics and prognosis of MS patients.

Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Disability Evaluation; Exposure to Violence; Fatigue; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Severity of Illness Index

To study the correlation between depression and blood cytokine levels in lung cancer patients.. 92 patients with advanced lung cancer were evaluated for depression using the scoring index of depression self-rating scale. Lack of depression (n=24), mild depression (n=45), and moderate depression (n=23) were found in the cohort. Meanwhile, 40 healthy subjects were selected as the control group. The levels of IL-10, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in each group were detected by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and their correlation with the degree of depression was analyzed.. The levels of IL-10, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were all higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Moreover, the depression statuses of patients with lung cancer were positively correlated with IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α levels (r = 0.705, 0.301, and 0.446, P<0.01); however, the level of IL-8 was not relevant (r=0.136, p>0.05).. Serum levels of IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α are associated with depression scoring in patients with lung cancer.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Cytokines; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-8; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Inflammatory processes regulated by cytokines are important in the aetiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and depression. Differences in transcriptional activities associated with several genetic polymorphisms affect cytokine production. We investigated the involvement of alleles associated with higher production of proinflammatory and lower production of anti-inflammatory cytokines in AD and depression in a community-dwelling sample of elderly individuals.. A total of 732 community-dwelling elders were clinically evaluated for AD applying the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria and for depression applying the Geriatric Mental State Schedule. Genotyping was performed for six proinflammatory (interleukin (IL)-1β -511C/T and +3953C/T, IL-6 -174G/C, IL-8 -251T/A, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α -850C/T) and two anti-inflammatory (IL-4 +33T/C, IL-10 -1082G/A) cytokines. The sums of risk alleles of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes were estimated. Age, gender, education and apolipoprotein E genotype were considered covariates.. TNF-α -308G/A and IL-8 -251T/A were significantly associated with AD and IL-1β +3953C/T with late-life depression, while the significance of these associations was lost after Bonferroni correction. A greater number of risk alleles producing proinflammatory cytokines was significantly associated with AD, but not with depression, after adjustment for the covariates. No association was found between an increased number of risk alleles for anti-inflammatory cytokine production and either AD or depression.. The present findings support the inflammatory hypothesis in the aetiology of AD as measured by several cytokine genes associated with increased proinflammatory cytokine production.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Asian People; Cytokines; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Female; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Humans; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-8; Male; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Republic of Korea; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

The literature regarding cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokines in geriatric depression is sparse. The aim of this study was to examine associations between CSF interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and depression in a population-based sample of older women who were followed for 17 years.. 86 dementia-free women aged 70-84 years who participated in the Prospective Population Study of Women in Gothenburg, Sweden took part in a lumbar puncture in 1992-3. CSF IL-6 and CSF IL-8 were measured. Psychiatric symptoms were rated with the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale at baseline and at three subsequent face-to-face examinations. Depression (major or minor) was diagnosed in accordance with DSM-IV/DSM-IV research criteria.. At baseline, women with ongoing major (n=10) or minor depression (n=9) had higher levels of CSF IL-6 (p=0.008) and CSF IL-8 (p=0.007) compared with those without depression (n=67). Higher CSF IL-8 was related to higher MADRS score (p=0.003). New cases of depression were observed in 9 women during follow-ups. No associations between CSF cytokine levels and future depression could be shown in women without depression at baseline.. Higher levels of CSF IL-6 and IL-8 were associated with current depression in this population-based sample. CSF IL-6 and CSF IL-8 may play a role in depression in late life.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Antidepressive Agents; Biomarkers; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Interview, Psychological; Prospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Sweden

To observe the monocytic expression of CD(40) and plasma IL-8 concentration in senile CHD (coronary heart disease) patients with depressive disorder and examine the effects of immunological factors in depressive disorder and CHD.. A total of 100 senile CHD patients (> 60 yr old) were divided into 3 group: control group (A, n = 30), depression score ≤ 20 & anxiety score ≤ 6; therapy group (B, n = 35), depression score ≥ 30 & anxiety score ≤ 6, psychological evaluations with HAMD (Hamilton depression rating scale) from Day 1 pre-operation to Day 7 post-operation; non-therapy group (C, n = 35), depression score ≥ 30 & anxiety score ≤ 6. They underwent the same operation: lumbar decompression & fusion, stripping of great saphenous vein and repair of indirect hernia. At Day 1 pre-operation and Day 7 post-operation, 2 ml venous blood was drawn for the detection of monocytic expression of CD(40) and plasma concentration of IL-8 (interleukin-8).. Depressive value of Group B at post-operation was lower than that at pre-operation and Group C ((25.1 ± 2.9) vs (33.2 ± 1.4) & (34.2 ± 0.8), P < 0.05); the pre-operative expression of CD(40) of Group A was lower than the other groups ((123 ± 18) vs (197 ± 23) & (204 ± 26), P < 0.05). And Group B at post-operation was lower than Group C ((147 ± 19) vs (212 ± 18), P < 0.05); the pre-operative concentration of IL-8 was lowest in Group A ((85 ± 16) ng/L vs (151 ± 18) ng/L & (164 ± 22) ng/L, P < 0.05). And Group B at post-operation was lower than Group C ((158 ± 19) ng/L vs (197 ± 24) ng/L, P < 0.05). There were significantly positive correlations between depression scores, the expression of CD(40) and the plasma concentration of IL-8.. Depressive disorders elevate the monocytic expression of CD(40) and raise the plasma concentration of IL-8 in senile CHD patients. Some immunological factors may play a important role in depressive disorder and CHD.

Topics: Coronary Artery Disease; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Interleukin-8

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between psychosocial variables, biomarker hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), and immune modulatory cytokine mediators among diabetic patients in marital or committed long-term relationships.. This is a cross-sectional study of adult patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) presenting at a university-based ambulatory medical clinic. Social/interpersonal constructs were assessed using measures of dyadic adjustment, interpersonal sensitivity and social functioning, and expressed emotion. HbA1c and cytokines were measured from blood samples using standard laboratory tests. Associations of relational systems constructs with biomarkers were assessed using bivariate tests.. Dyadic adjustment was significantly associated with cytokine IL-8. Interpersonal relationship functioning was significantly associated with biomarker HbA1c, and cytokines TNF-alpha, and IL-1ra. Social functioning was significantly correlated with cytokines IL-17, IL-1ra, IL-2r, IL-6, and eotaxin. Depression was significantly correlated with HbA1C.. Although preliminary in nature, findings revealed significant relationships between molecular mediators of the inflammatory and immune systems and variables measuring the relational context patients with T2DM. The initial findings suggest a next step in understanding and exploring the complex but important biopsychosocial pathways in Type 2 DM.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Cytokines; Depressive Disorder; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Expressed Emotion; Family Conflict; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Personality Inventory; Psychometrics; Self Efficacy; Social Environment; Statistics as Topic

Oxidative damage and immune-inflammatory activation have been suggested to play a role in depression. The purpose of the study was to investigate possible associations and interactions of these pathophysiological mechanisms in geriatric depression by determining the levels of plasma 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2alpha) (8-iso-PGF(2alpha)) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in elderly depressed individuals. Subjects over 60 years of age with depression and controls were randomly selected from a population in the community after screening with the Geriatric Depression Scale. Plasma concentrations of 8-iso-PGF2alpha and IL-6 were measured in both groups. Depressed patients had significantly higher mean (+/-S.D.) 8-iso-PGF2alpha levels compared to healthy controls (245.01+/-179.92 pg/ml vs 97.64+/-42.72 pg/ml, respectively). Similarly, the same groups demonstrated significantly elevated IL-6 levels compared with controls (58.73+/-39.90 pg/ml vs 15.41+/-9.27 pg/ml). This study indicates an association between increased levels of plasma 8-iso-PGF2alpha and IL-6 with depressive symptomatology in elderly individuals and indicates the necessity for further investigation, possibly within the framework of an integrated involvement of oxidative damage and inflammation in the pathophysiology of depression in the elderly.

Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Depressive Disorder; Dinoprost; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-8; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Reference Values; Risk Factors

It is evident that immune cytokines are involved in the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but results of different studies are still inconsistent. Here, serum interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6 and IL-8 levels were compared between earthquake survivors with PTSD, those with non-PTSD and normal controls to investigate whether there is any relationship between cytokine levels and PTSD. In addition, the relationship of these cytokines with psychological parameters of the disorder was examined as well.. Thirty-four earthquake survivors with PTSD (according to DSM-IV criteria), 30 earthquake survivors with non-PTSD and 34 controls were recruited in northern China using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview instrument. Serum IL-2, IL-6 and IL-8 levels were compared. IL-2 levels were measured by radioimmunometric assay, while serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels were measured using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Psychological symptoms were assessed using 3 subscales of the Symptoms Checklist (SCL-90-R), including depression, anxiety and somatization.. Only earthquake survivors diagnosed with PTSD had significantly lower serum IL-8 levels. Also, we found that earthquake survivors (either with PTSD or non-PTSD) had significantly lower serum IL-2 levels and more severe psychological symptoms. The severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms in earthquake survivors was positively related to serum IL-6 levels.. PTSD may be associated with a reduced level of serum IL-8, and traumatic survivors may be associated with a lower level of serum IL-2.

Topics: Anxiety Disorders; Biomarkers; China; Depressive Disorder; Disasters; Immune System Diseases; Interleukin-2; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Interleukins; Radioimmunoassay; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Stress, Psychological