interleukin-8 and Dementia

Delirium is a common and serious complication in geriatric patients. The pathophysiology of delirium is not known.. The objective of the current study was to test the hypothesis that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of inflammatory markers at the time of spinal anesthesia for hip surgery are associated with delirium.. In total 133 hip fracture patients and 125 cognitively healthy controls undergoing elective surgery, together with 73 Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia patients, were recruited at Oslo University Hospital and Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway. Delirium was evaluated daily in hip fracture patients by the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM). Depression was evaluated by Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels were measured in CSF using a Mesoscale Discovery (MSD) immunoassay.. Hip fracture patients had significantly higher IL-8 levels (p < 0.001) compared to cognitively healthy controls or patients with stable AD dementia. Furthermore, preoperative IL-8 levels were significantly higher (p = 0.013) in hip fracture patients who developed delirium (incident delirium) after surgery as compared to patients with no delirium. However, subgroup analyses showed that IL-8 levels were only significantly higher in delirium patients without dementia (p = 0.006). In contrast, depression subgroup analysis showed that IL-8 concentration was significantly higher (p = 0.002) in delirium patients with depression. Both TNF-α and IL-1β were undetected in most patients.. Our study suggests that IL-8 levels are associated with delirium onset and that underlying depression or dementia influences IL-8 levels.

Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Anesthesia; Biomarkers; Delirium; Dementia; Depression; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Hip Fractures; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-8; Male; Mental Status and Dementia Tests; Neuropsychological Tests; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Variations in candidate genes participating in oxidative stress, inflammation, and their interactions are potentially associated with diseases of atherosclerotic origin. We investigated independent and joint associations of variations in cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP), interleukin-8 (IL8), peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-alpha (PPARA), and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) genes with incident nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) or ischemic stroke. In a population-based case-control study, patients (848 with MI and 368 with ischemic stroke) and controls (2,682) were recruited from postmenopausal women and hypertensive men/women who were members of Group Health in western Washington State. Common tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; n=34) representing gene-wide variations were selected from gene sequencing data using pairwise linkage disequilibrium. Haplotypes were inferred using a modified expectation maximization algorithm. Multivariate logistic regression evaluated individual haplotype and SNP-disease associations in log-additive models. Global haplotype tests assessed overall gene-disease associations. Logic regression was used to evaluate gene-gene interactions. False discovery rates and permutation tests were used for multiple testing adjustment in evaluating independent associations and interactions, respectively. Overall, gene-wide variations in PPARA and TLR4 genes were associated with MI. The minor allele of the PPARA SNP, rs4253623, was associated with a higher risk of MI (odds ratio 1.25, 95% confidence interval 1.08 to 1.46), whereas the minor allele of the TLR4 SNP, rs1927911, was associated with a lower risk of MI (odds ratio 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.77 to 0.99). No within-gene or gene-gene interaction was associated with MI or ischemic stroke risk. In conclusion, potential SNP-disease associations identified in the present study are novel and need further investigation.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Alleles; Brain Ischemia; Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; Confidence Intervals; Dementia; DNA; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Variation; Haplotypes; Humans; Incidence; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Odds Ratio; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; PPAR alpha; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Survival Rate; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Washington

We investigated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and other neurological diseases. Concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNF-alpha and TGF-beta 2 were determined in CSF using ELISA. Significant changes were found for IL-8 and TGF-beta 2. IL-8 levels were elevated in the CSF of CJD patients. Of interest, the increase was significant to other dementia and to controls. In contrast, TGF-beta 2 was significantly decreased in CSF of CJD compared to all groups. IL-1beta, IL-12 and TNF-alpha could not be detected in CSF or in case of IL-6 in only low concentrations without significant difference.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Central Nervous System Diseases; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome; Dementia; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Sensitivity and Specificity; Statistics, Nonparametric; Transforming Growth Factor beta

Topics: Age of Onset; Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Biomarkers; Cell Death; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Chemokine CCL2; Chemokines; Cognition Disorders; Dementia; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Nerve Degeneration; Neurons; Predictive Value of Tests; Sex Factors; Spinal Puncture; Up-Regulation

Aging is accompanied by low-grade inflammation. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha initiates the cytokine cascade, and high levels are associated with dementia and atherosclerosis in persons aged 100 years. We hypothesized that TNF-alpha was also a prognostic marker for all-cause mortality in these persons.. We enrolled 126 subjects at or around the time of their 100th birthday. Plasma levels of TNF-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and C-reactive protein were measured at baseline, and we determined the associations between the markers of inflammation and mortality during the subsequent 5 years.. Only 9 subjects were alive after 5 years. Elevated levels of TNF-alpha were associated with mortality in both men and women (hazard ratio = 1.34 per SD of 2.81 pg/mL; 95% confidence interval: 1.12 to 1.60, P = 0.001). Levels of IL-6 and IL-8 did not affect survival; levels of C-reactive protein were not associated with mortality when levels of TNF-alpha were included in the analysis. Dementia and cardiovascular diseases represented the major causes of comorbid conditions at baseline. TNF-alpha was still associated with mortality in multivariate models that included these parameters as confounders.. TNF-alpha was an independent prognostic marker for mortality in persons aged 100 years, suggesting that it has specific biological effects and is a marker of frailty in the very elderly.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dementia; Denmark; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Respiratory Tract Infections; Severity of Illness Index; Statistics as Topic; Survival Analysis