interleukin-8 and Coronary-Restenosis

The interplay of oxidative stress, proinflammatory microparticles, and proinflammatory cytokines in recurrent arrhythmias is unknown in elderly patients with coronary restenosis and reocclusions after coronary stenting.. This research sought to investigate the potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for recurrent arrhythmias in patients with coronary restenosis and reocclusions after coronary stenting.. We examined whether oxidative stress, proinflammatory microparticles, and proinflammatory cytokines could have effects that lead to recurrent arrhythmias in elderly patients with coronary restenosis and reocclusions. We measured the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), CD31 + endothelial microparticle (CD31 EMP), CD62E + endothelial microparticle (CD62E + EMP), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin- 1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as well as oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OX-LDL), and assessed the effects of relationship between oxidative stress, proinflammatory microparticles, and proinflammatory cytokines on recurrent atrial and ventricular arrhythmias in elderly patients with coronary restenosis and reocclusions after coronary stenting.. The levels of CD31 + EMP, CD62E + EMP, MDA, hs-CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and OX-LDL were found to be increased significantly in coronary restenosis + recurrent atrial arrhythmia group compared to without coronary restenosis and coronary restenosis + without recurrent atrial arrhythmia groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Patients in the coronary reocclusion + recurrent ventricular arrhythmia group also exhibited significantly increased levels of CD31 + EMP, CD62E + EMP, MDA, hs-CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and OXLDL compared to without coronary reocclusion and coronary reocclusion + without recurrent ventricular arrhythmia groups, respectively (P < 0.001).. Proinflammatory microparticles, proinflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress might act as potential targets for recurrent arrhythmias in patients with coronary restenosis and reocclusions after coronary stenting.

Topics: Aged; Atrial Fibrillation; C-Reactive Protein; Coronary Restenosis; Cytokines; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Prognosis; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

To investigate the effects of a Chinese herbal medicine Fufang-Zhenzhu Tiaozhi Capsule (FTZ) on restenosis and elucidate the mechanism of action.. A restenosis model was established by balloon rubbing the endothelium of the abdominal aorta followed by high fat diet. Rabbits were divided into blank control group, restenosis group, FTZ group (0.66 mg/kg/day), atorvastatin group (5 mg/kg/day) and FTZ + atorvastatin group (n = 8). Vascular stenosis was analyzed by X-ray. Serum levels of chemokines and cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-12 (IL-12), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were measured by ELISA. The levels of NF-κB, IκB-α, P-IκBα, IKK-α, and P-IKKα/β from injured abdominal arteries were detected by Western blotting.. Restenosis was induced successfully via abdominal artery balloon injuries and high fat diet. Restenosis was significantly decreased in FTZ group compared with restenosis group (P < 0.05). FTZ group had markedly reduced serum lipid levels (P < 0.05). In addition, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, ICAM-1 and MCP-1 decreased by FTZ treatment (P < 0.05). The expression of NF-κB in the atherosclerotic lesions was significantly attenuated in FTZ group (P < 0.05).. FTZ could reduce restenosis via reducing NF-κB activity and inflammatory factor expression within the atherosclerotic lesion in a rabbit restenosis model. FTZ may be a new therapeutic agent for restenosis.

Topics: Animals; Aorta, Abdominal; Atherosclerosis; Atorvastatin; C-Reactive Protein; Chemokine CCL2; Coronary Restenosis; Diet, High-Fat; Disease Models, Animal; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Endothelium; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-12; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; NF-kappa B; Rabbits; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Interleukin-8 is a strong mediator of inflammation and has been implicated in the biochemical pathways involved in a wide range of inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis. We investigated the potential influence of two common functional polymorphisms of the interleukin (IL)-8 gene: -251A/T and 781C/T on susceptibility to in stent restenosis (ISR) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The hypothesis was tested by screening for the prevalence of the above polymorphisms in 201 coronary artery disease (CAD) patients subjected to PCI and presenting with symptoms or signs of recurrent ischemia. Patients were angiographically re-evaluated and formed the ISR group (n = 73) and the non-ISR group (n = 128) based on the presence or absence of ISR. One hundred and forty-seven subjects without angiographic evidence of CAD formed a reference control group (non-CAD group). A borderline statistically significant higher frequency of the TT(251)TT(781) combined genotype was observed in patients with ISR on re-evaluation compared with patients with normal follow-up angiography. The predominance of TT(251)TT(781) was independent of conventional risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Consequently, T(251)T(781) haplotype was significantly more common in the ISR group. The above observations indicate that the genetic diversity of the IL-8 gene influences patient susceptibility to ISR and suggests the implication of IL-8-mediated pathways in the process of ISR. However, the rarity of T(251)T(781) haplotype makes any clinical application of the above observations unfeasible.

Topics: Aged; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Restenosis; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Humans; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Genetic; Postoperative Complications

Angioplasty with stent placement is commonly used to treat coronary atherosclerosis. However, 20-40% of stainless steel stents restenose within 6 months via a prolonged inflammatory response mediated by monocytic infiltration and cytokine secretion. In the current study, we tested a hypothesis that blood flow and monocytes interact to alter stent corrosion. We assessed the effects of THP1 monocytes on the corrosion rate of 316L stainless steel (316LSS) under shear stress (0.5-50 dyn/cm(2)). In addition, THP1 cytokine secretion was determined using cytokine arrays and ELISA analyses. Data were compared using ANOVA and Tukey post hoc analysis (alpha = 0.05). Monocytes significantly lowered 316LSS corrosion rates without limiting current density. However, shear stress alone did not alter the corrosion rate of 316LSS. THP1 cells adhered to the 316LSS surface at all flow rates. Exposure to the 316LSS/corrosion test under high fluid flow rates increased (>twofold) the secretion of 7 of the 42 cytokines tested (angeogenin, GRO, I309, interleukin 8, interleukin 6, interleukin 1beta, and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1). Each of these cytokines play a role in wound healing, macrophage differentiation, and cell proliferation, all hallmarks of in-stent restenosis. Furthermore, only IL8 levels were significantly higher than any of the system controls during the 316LSS/corrosion test conditions. The IL8 levels from the 316LSS/corrosion tests were not significantly different from the +LPS control. Together, these data suggest that monocytic cells maybe activated by exposure to 316LSS stents and could contribute to in-stent restenosis and altered corrosion of the stent.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Biocompatible Materials; Blood Flow Velocity; Cell Line; Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Restenosis; Corrosion; Cytokines; Electrochemistry; Humans; Interleukin-8; Lipopolysaccharides; Materials Testing; Monocytes; Shear Strength; Stainless Steel; Stents; Stress, Mechanical

The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of coronary stenting on the release of cytokines and cell-mediated immunity factors and to evaluate the association between inflammation and clinical outcomes at 6 months.. Circulating levels of inflammatory markers and cytokines are elevated in patients with acute coronary syndromes and are related to an unfavorable outcome. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of coronary stenting on the release of cytokines and cell-mediated immunity factors and to evaluate the association between inflammation and clinical outcomes at 6 months.. Forty patients with single native coronary artery disease treated with stenting were enrolled. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected before and 6 h, 48 h, and 12 weeks after stenting. Serum concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (markers of inflammation) and serum-soluble interleukin-2 receptor for T-lymphocyte activation (sIL2-R, marker of cell-mediated immunity) were measured. Patients also were evaluated clinically one, 3, and 6 months post-stenting or when they presented with cardiovascular symptoms to identify major adverse cardiac events (cardiac death, MI, revascularization).. Concentrations of interleukins 6 and 8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha peaked at 6 h (11.0, 12.6, and 5.3 pg/ml, respectively). The peak level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (2.77 mg/dL) occurred 48 h post stenting, while sIL2-R peaked (495 U/ml) at 12 weeks. Patients who experienced restenosis had higher levels of C-reactive protein at 48 h (4.94 vs. 1.84 mg/dl; P = 0.043) and of IL-8 at 6 h (26.75 vs. 13.55 pg/mL; P = 0.048) than those without restenosis.. Proinflammatory cytokines and inflammatory markers are released into the peripheral circulation early after coronary stenting, and increased levels of some are associated with clinically relevant restenosis.

Topics: Aged; Angina Pectoris; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Biomarkers; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; C-Reactive Protein; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Restenosis; Coronary Stenosis; Cytokines; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Receptors, Interleukin-2; Research Design; Stents; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Troponin I; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

The pathologic modifications characterizing vein graft disease resemble those observed in native arteriosclerosis, but in accelerated form. Although both disorders are considered to be inflammatory diseases, it remains to be determined whether diseased vein grafts and atherosclerotic coronary arteries differentially express inflammatory mediators. Therefore, we examined whether differences in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines by these two distinct vascular pathologies favor the accelerated inflammation within diseased vein grafts.. The messengerRNA expression of various cytokines (interleukin-1 beta [IL-1 beta], IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha], interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) was quantified using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in tissue samples of native saphenous veins (NSV, n = 5), diseased coronary arteries (CAD, n = 25), and diseased vein grafts (VG, n = 13).. Native saphenous veins did not contain any detectable transcripts except for IFN-gamma. As expected, CAD was characterized by the expression of IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha mRNA. Interestingly VG also expressed these mediators, but at markedly higher levels. Quantification by RT-PCR revealed that, compared with specimens from the CAD group, VG specimens contained 5.8 +/- 1.2 times, 286 +/- 22 times, and 29 +/- 7.3 times as many transcripts for the cytokines IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha, respectively, as well as 25 +/- 8.3 times more transcripts for the chemokine IL-8. In contrast, the expression of IFN-gamma transcripts did not differ among the groups.. The elevated expression of proinflammatory cytokine transcripts supports the hypothesis that diseased vein grafts, compared with atherosclerotic coronary arteries, are characterized by enhanced inflammatory activity that might accelerate atherosclerotic modifications. This may implicate new therapeutic strategies for the prevention of vein graft disease.

Topics: Aged; C-Reactive Protein; Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Restenosis; Coronary Vessels; Cytokines; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Inflammation Mediators; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Reoperation; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Saphenous Vein; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Veins

The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic value of plasma interleukin-8 (IL-8) for early complications after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The pre- and postprocedural plasma levels of IL-8 and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) were examined by immunoassay, and the expression of CD11b/CD18 on neutrophils was assessed by flow cytometry. Early complications (abrupt occlusion, threatened abrupt occlusion, early recurrence of ischemia, myocardial infarction, cardiac sudden death, and target vessel revascularization) occurred intra-procedure and 30 days after PCI and were observed in 121 consecutive patients with coronary heart disease. Sixteen patients with early complications had high preprocedural levels and high postprocedural differentials of IL-8, CRP, and CD11b/CD18 compared to those without complications (all P < 0.05). The occurrence of complications showed a significant increase in the patients according to the tertiles of IL-8, CRP, and CD11b/CD18. Preprocedural levels of IL-8 (RR = 5.864, CI = 1.658-20.734, P = 0.006) and diabetes (RR = 1.587, CI = 1.246-2.132, P = 0.038) were independent predictors of early complications. There were significant correlations in the postprocedural differential between IL-8 and CD11b/CD18 (r = 0.776, P = 0.002) in patients with complications. The results reveal that the early complications after PCI contribute to preprocedural inflammatory responses. Normal levels of IL-8 may be powerful negative predictors of early complications in patients with CHD following PCI.

Topics: Aged; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; C-Reactive Protein; CD11b Antigen; CD18 Antigens; Coronary Disease; Coronary Restenosis; Female; Forecasting; Humans; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Myocardial Ischemia

The objective of the present study was to investigate the prognostic value of plasma interleukin-8 (IL-8) for adverse cardiac events and restenosis in patients with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The pre- and post-procedural peak plasma levels of IL-8 and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) were examined by immunoassay, while adverse cardiae events and restenosis within one year follow-up were observed in 134 consecutive patients who underwent PCI. Angiography revealed that 23.88% (32/134) of the patients had adverse cardiac events and 29.41% (35/119) of the patients had restenosis. Preprocedural levels of IL-8 and CRP and post-procedural peak levels of IL-8 in patients with adverse cardiac events were higher than those without adverse cardiac events (all P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse cardiac events increased from 6.67% in the bottom tertile to 31.82% in the top tertile of IL-8 levels (P = 0.001): a similar trend was observed for restenosis from 10% in low tertile to 51.28% in high tertile of IL-8 levels to 51.8% (P = 0.012). The preprocedural levels of IL-8 (RR = 5.539, CI = 1.720-17.887, P = 0.001) and CRP (RR = 2.031, CI = 1.132-2.049, P = 0.003) were the only independent predictors of adverse cardiac events. The post-procedure peak level of IL-8 (RR = 3.766, CI = 2.990-5.904, P = 0.002) and stent length (RR = 1.468, CI = 1.161-2.022. P = 0.021) were the independent predictors of restenosis. The results demonstrate that the release of IL-8 after PCI is a powerful prognostic factor for cardiac events and restenosis. The higher the peak level of post-procedure IL-8, the lower the event-free survival observed.

Topics: Aged; C-Reactive Protein; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Disease; Coronary Restenosis; Female; Humans; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Regression Analysis; Stents