interleukin-8 and Communicable-Diseases

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chitosan; Communicable Diseases; Fish Diseases; Immunity, Innate; Interleukin-8; Intestines; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Peptides

Accumulating evidence suggests that prenatal exposure to infection contributes to the etiology of schizophrenia. This line of investigation has been advanced by birth cohort studies that utilize prospectively acquired data from serologic assays for infectious and immune biomarkers. These investigations have provided further support for this hypothesis and permitted the investigation of new infectious pathogens in relation to schizophrenia risk. Prenatal infections that have been associated with schizophrenia include rubella, influenza, and toxoplasmosis. Maternal cytokines, including interleukin-8, are also significantly increased in pregnancies giving rise to schizophrenia cases. Although replication of these findings is required, this body of work may ultimately have important implications for the prevention of schizophrenia, the elaboration of pathogenic mechanisms in this disorder, and investigations of gene-environment interactions.

Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Communicable Diseases; Female; Herpesvirus 2, Human; Humans; Interleukin-8; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Risk Factors; Schizophrenia; Time Factors; Toxoplasma; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

The relationship between cytokine concentrations and transplant-related complications has been studied in bone marrow transplant patients. The changes in TNF-alpha, IL-1 and IL-6 concentrations after transplantation are well documented in the literature but this is not the case for IL-8. The purpose of the present study was to investigate prospectively the plasma concentration of these cytokines and their relationship to transplant-related complications.. Pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-alpha, IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8) levels in plasma were determined in a group of 53 patients undergoing hematopoietic progenitor transplantation. Plasma samples were collected weekly from day -7 to day +35 and stored at -70 degrees C until assayed by ELISA. The major transplant-related toxicities registered were: veno-occlusive disease (VOD), acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), infectious episodes, renal failure and mucositis.. In spite of the great variability of plasma cytokine profiles between the different patients, we came to various conclusions. Patients' TNF-alpha and IL-1 concentrations correlated well over time. IL-6 and IL-8 profiles were similar and correlated well with febrile episodes. In some cases, an increase in IL-6 preceded hematologic recovery. In our study, increased levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and especially IL-8 correlated with hepatic or renal dysfunction as evaluated by increased bilirubin and creatinine in plasma, while pulmonary complications correlated only with increased IL-6 levels. Allogeneic transplant patients had a tendency to have higher TNF-alpha concentrations than autologous transplant patients, probably because an allogeneic transplant is associated with more transplant-related toxicity. Basal disease usually had no effect on cytokine profiles.. IL-6 and IL-8 were the only cytokines studied whose increase correlated with febrile episodes. High IL-8 values may be a useful predictor of renal dysfunction and pulmonary disease and seems to trigger off high IL-6 levels. Plasma TNF-alpha and IL-1 concentrations during the posttransplant period have not been shown to be predictive of the development of transplant-related complications, and none of the profiles was recognized to be specific for a particular complication in this study.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Communicable Diseases; Female; Graft vs Host Disease; Hematologic Neoplasms; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Renal Insufficiency; Transplantation, Autologous; Transplantation, Homologous

To determine serum levels of acute-phase proteins and interleukin 1B, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 8 in children with pertussis.. Cross-sectional study.. Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, and Pediatrics, University of Pavia, Varese, Italy.. Eight children with pertussis, six with acute febrile infections, and eight healthy control children matched for sex, age, and time presentation over a 32-month study period.. None.. An immunoenzymatic assay was used to detect serum levels of all cytokines. Normal values of C-reactive protein, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were observed in the serum of patients with pertussis. The mean (+/- SD) detectable levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (65.0 +/- 50.4 pg/mL) and interleukin 6 (32.3 +/- 17.8 pg/mL) were observed in the serum of patients with pertussis. In contrast, a nonsignificant increment of interleukin 1B levels (66.5 +/- 83.7 pg/mL) and interleukin 8 levels (12.7 +/- 17.8 pg/mL) was noted in the serum of the same patients. Increased and significant levels of all four cytokines were noted in most of the serum samples of patients with acute febrile infections.. Acute-phase response is absent in patients with pertussis, whereas detectable and significant serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 were observed in some such patients.

Topics: Acute-Phase Proteins; Blood Sedimentation; C-Reactive Protein; Child; Communicable Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fever; Hospitals, Teaching; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Italy; Orosomucoid; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Whooping Cough