interleukin-8 and Burning-Mouth-Syndrome

Some studies have shown burning mouth syndrome (BMS) as comorbid psychosocial and psychiatric disorders, and as well, pointed at stress as a major risk factor.. The aim of this meta-analysis was to answer the following question: 'Is there an association between BMS and stress, compared to healthy controls?'. Two reviewers searched for the effect of stress in BMS and published on five main databases and three from the grey literature. Various questionnaires and biomarkers were analysed. Of the 2489 selected articles, 30 met the inclusion criteria. Studies englobed questionnaires, such as Perceived Stress Questionnaire, Lipp Stress Symptoms Inventory, Holmes-Rahe scale, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Recent Experience Test; and various biomarkers, such as cortisol, opiorphin, IgA, α-amylase and interleukins.. In all studies with questionnaires, stress was significantly increased in the BMS group vs. control. Patients with BMS presented 25.73% higher cortisol levels, 28.17% higher IgA levels and 40.62% higher α-amylase levels than controls. Meta-analysis found that BMS subjects presented 3.01 nmoL/L [0.53; 5.50] higher cortisol levels, 84.35 kU/L [15.00; 153.71] higher α-amylase levels, 29.25 mg/mL [9.86; 48.64] higher IgA levels and 258.59 pg/mL [59.24; 457.94] higher IL-8 levels than control. No differences were found for opiorphin concentration in ng/mL [-0.96; 2.53]. For interleukins, no differences were founded for IL-1 β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α.. Based on the available evidence, this meta-analysis suggests more stress factors in questionnaire-based studies, and higher levels of cortisol, α-amylase, IgA and IL-8 biomarkers in BMS subjects than controls.

Topics: alpha-Amylases; Biomarkers; Burning Mouth Syndrome; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Immunoglobulin A; Interleukin-8

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a neuropathic orofacial pain condition of unknown aetiology that encompasses intra-oral burning pain without abnormal clinical findings. Psychological, neural and inflammatory processes are associated with BMS pathogenesis. Currently, studies characterising plasma cytokine/chemokine profiles with pain and depression in patients with BMS are lacking. Considering that inflammation is associated with the pathophysiology of BMS, and that inflammation is closely associated with pain and depression, we aimed to correlate depressive symptomatology and oral cavity pain with plasma cytokine/chemokine signatures in a cohort of patients with BMS.. In this study, plasma protein levels of Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12p70, TNF-α), Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-6, IL-13) and the chemokine IL-8 were assessed in patients with BMS (n = 10) and healthy volunteers (n = 10), using pro-inflammatory-10-plex assays. Clinical histories, alongside self-rated oral cavity pain intensities and depressive symptomatology were assessed using a visual analogue scale and the 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology questionnaires, respectively.. We present evidence that BMS is associated with increased depressive symptomatology and enhanced oral cavity pain. Plasma isolated from BMS patients display enhanced expression of the pro-inflammatory chemokine IL-8, when compared to plasma from healthy individuals. Plasma IL-8 signature correlates with pain and depressive symptomatology in the study cohort.. Overall, these findings indicate that plasma IL-8 profiles are dysregulated in BMS and that modulation of IL-8 production in the disorder may be a tool in the management of BMS symptomatology.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Burning Mouth Syndrome; Chemokines; Cohort Studies; Cytokines; Depression; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pilot Projects; Surveys and Questionnaires; Th1 Cells; Th2 Cells

To compare salivary IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha levels between patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and controls.. Forty female patients with BMS (mean age: 61.6+/-10.1 years) and 20 female control subjects (mean age: 65.1+/-9.0 years) were included in the study. Unstimulated (UWS) and stimulated whole saliva samples (SWS) were collected and their flow rates were determined. Salivary IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha levels and total protein concentration were also determined. Salivary transferrin level was determined to investigate the level of blood contamination in saliva samples. Gingival index of the subjects was also examined. Student's t-test, Pearson's correlation analysis, and analysis of covariance were used.. No significant differences were found in the salivary levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha in BMS patients compared with controls. Salivary flow rates and their total protein concentrations did not differ significantly between the groups. The levels of salivary cytokines and total protein concentration correlated significantly with the level of blood contamination in both UWS and SWS.. There were no differences in the salivary levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha in BMS patients compared with controls. Cytokine levels in whole saliva were affected mainly by the amount of blood contamination.

Topics: Aged; Blood; Burning Mouth Syndrome; Case-Control Studies; Female; Gingival Hemorrhage; Gingivitis; Humans; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Middle Aged; Periodontal Index; Saliva; Salivary Proteins and Peptides; Secretory Rate; Transferrin; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha