interleukin-8 and Arthralgia

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of 8-weeks ingestion of a commercialized joint pain dietary supplement (Instaflex™ Joint Support, Direct Digital, Charlotte, NC) compared to placebo on joint pain, stiffness, and function in adults with self-reported joint pain. Instaflex™ is a joint pain supplement containing glucosamine sulfate, methylsufonlylmethane (MSM), white willow bark extract (15% salicin), ginger root concentrate, boswella serrata extract (65% boswellic acid), turmeric root extract, cayenne, and hyaluronic acid.. Subjects included 100 men and women, ages 50-75 years, with a history (>3 months) of joint pain, and were randomized to Instaflex™ or placebo (3 colored gel capsules per day for 8 weeks, double-blind administration). Subjects agreed to avoid the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and all other medications and supplements targeted for joint pain. Primary outcome measures were obtained pre- and post-study and included joint pain severity, stiffness, and function (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities [WOMAC]), and secondary outcome measures included health-related quality of life (Short Form 36 or SF-36), systemic inflammation (serum C-reactive protein and 9 plasma cytokines), and physical function (6-minute walk test). Joint pain symptom severity was assessed bi-weekly using a 12-point Likert visual scale (12-VS).. Joint pain severity was significantly reduced in Instaflex™ compared to placebo (8-week WOMAC, ↓37% versus ↓16%, respectively, interaction effect P = 0.025), with group differences using the 12-VS emerging by week 4 of the study (interaction effect, P = 0.0125). Improvements in ability to perform daily activities and stiffness scores in Instaflex™ compared to placebo were most evident for the 74% of subjects reporting knee pain (8-week WOMAC function score, ↓39% versus ↓14%, respectively, interaction effect P = 0.027; stiffness score, ↓30% versus ↓12%, respectively, interaction effect P = 0.081). Patterns of change in SF-36, systemic inflammation biomarkers, and the 6-minute walk test did not differ significantly between groups during the 8-week study. Results from this randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled community trial support the use of the Instaflex™ dietary supplement in alleviating joint pain severity in middle-aged and older adults, with mitigation of difficulty performing daily activities most apparent in subjects with knee pain.

Topics: Aged; Arthralgia; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Curcuma; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucosamine; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Plant Bark; Plant Extracts; Plant Roots; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies; Salix; Surveys and Questionnaires; Treatment Outcome; Triterpenes; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Zingiber officinale

This study was designed to investigate the analgesic effects of nimesulide and celecoxib in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). In patients with joint effusion, the effects of these non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on synovial fluid concentrations of substance P (SP), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 also were evaluated.. Patients were randomly assigned either nimesulide (100 mg twice a day) or celecoxib (200 mg once a day) for 2 weeks. The intensity of joint pain was assessed with a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS). Furthermore, patients completed questions about analgesic efficacy and overall tolerability of the treatments on a five-point categorical scale. Synovial fluid samples were drawn at baseline, 30 min after the first drug intake (day 1), and 30 min after the last drug intake (day 14).. We enrolled 44 patients, 20 of whom had a joint effusion. In this group, the effects of nimesulide were more marked than for celecoxib, with evidence of a faster onset of the analgesic action. Both after a single or repeated administration, nimesulide significantly reduced the synovial fluid concentrations of SP and IL-6. Celecoxib, on the other hand, did not change the concentrations of SP and significantly reduced the levels of IL-6 only on day 14. None of the drugs affected IL-8. Both drugs were generally well tolerated.. These results provide evidence that nimesulide is an effective agent for the symptomatic treatment of OA. The effect on inflammatory pain mediators is consistent with the fast analgesic action of this NSAID.

Topics: Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthralgia; Celecoxib; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Male; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Pain Measurement; Pyrazoles; Substance P; Sulfonamides; Synovial Fluid; Treatment Outcome

Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is thought to play an important part under conditions of impaired wound healing. This is not confirmed and it is also unknown whether GM-CSF affects wound healing in healthy subjects. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study in 10 healthy volunteers. Triplicate wounds (10 x 10 x 0.5 mm) on the right and left upper thigh were made by a razor blade and injected with GM-CSF or a solvent control. Four of the 10 volunteers were re-examined after 2 months by investigating the healing of a new set of triplicate wounds injected with solvent control alone (controls). Factors measured were wound healing time, wound-fluid cytokines by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, wound-fluid inflammatory cells and dermal thickness by ultrasonography. Intradermal injection with 20 micrograms GM-CSF per wound caused significantly higher wound-fluid GM-CSF and interleukin 8 (IL-8) levels than in controls, but did not affect the time needed for wound closure (mean 11 days in all groups), dermal thickness, wound-fluid inflammatory cells or other wound-fluid cytokines, e.g. vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Transforming growth factor (TGF) beta 1 and beta 2, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and beta-fibroblast growth factor (beta-FGF) were not measurable in any wound fluid. The lack of efficacy of exogenously delivered GM-CSF on wound healing in healthy subjects is probably based on the failure of GM-CSF to induce 'wound-healing cytokines' like PDGF, FGF, TGF, EGF or VEGF. However, GM-CSF increases IL-8 release, which is a potent chemotactic cytokine, indicating that GM-CSF might be of therapeutic value under conditions of impaired chemotaxis.

Topics: Adult; Arthralgia; Double-Blind Method; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; Headache; Humans; Interleukin-8; Male; Nausea; Recombinant Proteins; Statistics, Nonparametric; Sweating; Wound Healing; Wounds, Penetrating

The immunopathogenesis of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection and the role of acute-phase immune response on joint pain persistence is not fully understood. We investigated the profile of serum chemokine and cytokine in CHIKV-infected patients with acute disease, compared the levels of these biomarkers to those of patients with other acute febrile diseases (OAFD) and healthy controls (HC), and evaluated their role as predictors of chronic arthralgia development. Chemokines and cytokines were measured by flow Cytometric Bead Array. Patients with CHIKV infection were further categorized according to duration of arthralgia (≤ 3 months

Topics: Acute-Phase Reaction; Adolescent; Adult; Arthralgia; Chikungunya Fever; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Young Adult

Osteoarthritis is a painful, chronic joint disease affecting man and animals with no known curative therapies. Palliative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used but they cause adverse side effects prompting the search for safer alternatives. To address this need, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (ASU), glucosamine (GLU), and chondroitin sulfate (CS) with or without the NSAID carprofen.. Canine chondrocytes were propagated in microcarrier spinner culture and incubated with (1) control medium, (2) ASU (8.3 µg/mL) + GLU (11 µg/mL) + CS (20 µg/mL) combination for 24 hours; and/or carprofen (40 ng/mL). Cultures were next incubated with control medium alone or IL-1β (10 ng/mL) for another 24 hours. Production of PGE. Chondrocytes proliferated in microcarrier spinner culture and produced type II collagen and aggrecan. Stimulation with IL-1β induced significant increases in PGE. The potentiating effect of [ASU+GLU+CS] on low-dose carprofen was identified in chondrocyte microcarrier spinner cultures. Our results suggest that the combination of low-dose NSAIDs like carprofen with [ASU+GLU+CS] could offer a safe, effective management for joint pain.

Topics: Aggrecans; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthralgia; Carbazoles; Cells, Cultured; Chemokine CCL2; Chondrocytes; Chondroitin Sulfates; Collagen Type II; Dinoprostone; Dogs; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucosamine; Glycine max; Humans; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Persea

An interesting and so far unexplained feature of chronic pain in autoimmune disease is the frequent disconnect between pain and inflammation. This is illustrated well in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) where pain in joints (arthralgia) may precede joint inflammation and persist even after successful anti-inflammatory treatment. In the present study, we have addressed the possibility that autoantibodies against citrullinated proteins (ACPA), present in RA, may be directly responsible for the induction of pain, independent of inflammation.. Antibodies purified from human patients with RA, healthy donors and murinised monoclonal ACPA were injected into mice. Pain-like behaviour was monitored for up to 28 days, and tissues were analysed for signs of pathology. Mouse osteoclasts were cultured and stimulated with antibodies, and supernatants analysed for release of factors. Mice were treated with CXCR1/2 (interleukin (IL) 8 receptor) antagonist reparixin.. Mice injected with either human or murinised ACPA developed long-lasting pronounced pain-like behaviour in the absence of inflammation, while non-ACPA IgG from patients with RA or control monoclonal IgG were without pronociceptive effect. This effect was coupled to ACPA-mediated activation of osteoclasts and release of the nociceptive chemokine CXCL1 (analogue to human IL-8). ACPA-induced pain-like behaviour was reversed with reparixin.. The data suggest that CXCL1/IL-8, released from osteoclasts in an autoantibody-dependent manner, produces pain by activating sensory neurons. The identification of this new pain pathway may open new avenues for pain treatment in RA and also in other painful diseases associated with autoantibody production and/or osteoclast activation.

Topics: Animals; Arthralgia; Autoantibodies; Behavior, Animal; Case-Control Studies; Chemokine CXCL1; Chemokines; Citrulline; Inflammation; Interleukin-8; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Nociception; Osteoclasts; Receptors, Interleukin-8; Sulfonamides

Topics: Animals; Arthralgia; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoantibodies; Bone and Bones; Bone Resorption; Chemokine CXCL1; Citrulline; Female; Humans; Hydrolases; Interleukin-8; Male; Nociception; Osteoclasts

Topics: Animals; Arthralgia; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoantibodies; Bone and Bones; Bone Resorption; Chemokine CXCL1; Citrulline; Female; Humans; Hydrolases; Interleukin-8; Male; Nociception; Osteoclasts

The purpose of this study was to compare the cytokine profiles of the synovial fluid from the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) spaces of normal individuals and temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients. Thirty-four patients with planned orthognathic surgery did not present abnormalities of the TMJ on magnetic resonance images and radiographs and did not show the symptoms identified by the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC-TMD); as a result, they were assigned to the control group. Twenty-two patients who sought treatment for TMD during the same period were assigned to the TMD group. Synovial fluid was collected from superior TMJ spaces, and cytokine expression was analysed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Significant differences were tested using Fisher's exact test (p<0.05). Granulocyte Macrophage Colony stimulating Factor (GM-CSF), interferon (INF), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α were detected in the TMD group, whereas no cytokines were detected in the control group. The most prevalent cytokines in the TMD group were IL-1β, IL-6 and GM-CSF. IL-4 and IL-5 were not detected in either the TMD group or in the control group. None of the cytokines that were detected in patients with TMD were found in the articular spaces of normal individuals.

Topics: Adult; Arthralgia; Cytokines; Female; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-2; Interleukin-4; Interleukin-5; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Joint Dislocations; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoarthritis; Paracentesis; Synovial Fluid; Temporomandibular Joint; Temporomandibular Joint Disc; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Young Adult

We sought to clarify the nature of joint effusion (JE) on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) by analysis of the synovial fluid in the superior compartment of patients with internal derangement and osteoarthrosis.. One hundred symptomatic TMJs (100 patients) with 65 internal derangements and 35 osteoarthroses were scanned by means of magnetic resonance imaging, and, the synovial fluid was sampled on the same day. The amount of JE was evaluated on a scale of 0 to 3. Grades 0 and 1 indicated absence of JE or a negligible amount of JE, respectively, and grades 2 and 3 indicated the presence of JE. Correlation was evaluated among the amount of JE and the concentrations of the total protein and interleukin-1beta(IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the synovial fluid.. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed the absence of JE in 40 joints (grade 0, 17 joints; grade 1, 23 joints) and the presence of JE in 60 joints (grade 2, 31 joints; grade 3, 29 joints). The joints with JE had, on average, significantly higher concentrations of total protein (1,675 microg vs 714 microg; P = .0001) and IL-6 (42.9 pg vs 10.6 pg; P = .009) than did the joints without JE. Furthermore, there were significant correlations between the JE grade and the concentrations of the total protein (P = .0001), IL-6 (P = .001), and IL-8 (P = .004). The detection ratio of cytokines among the presence-absence groups of JE showed a significant difference in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (68.3% vs 47.5%; P = .037) and IL-6 (86.7% vs 67.5%; P = .012). Conclusions. JE may contain the released products when there is pronounced synovitis. It is probably composed of high concentrations of total protein with inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, IL-6 and IL-8 seem to have an important role in the pathogenesis of JE in TMJ disorders.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arthralgia; Chi-Square Distribution; Cytokines; Female; Humans; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Joint Dislocations; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mandibular Condyle; Middle Aged; Osteoarthritis; Pain Measurement; Proteins; Range of Motion, Articular; Retrospective Studies; Statistics, Nonparametric; Synovial Fluid; Synovitis; Temporomandibular Joint; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha