interleukin-8 and Arterial-Occlusive-Diseases

Minimally invasive surgical techniques have been shown to reduce the inflammatory response related to a surgical procedure. The main objective of our study was to measure the inflammatory response in patients undergoing a totally laparoscopic versus open aortobifemoral bypass surgery. This is the first randomized trial on subjects in this population.. This is a substudy of a larger randomized controlled multicenter trial (Norwegian Laparoscopic Aortic Surgery Trial). Thirty consecutive patients with severe aortoiliac occlusive disease eligible for aortobifemoral bypass surgery were randomized to either a totally laparoscopic (n=14) or an open surgical procedure (n=16). The inflammatory response was measured by perioperative monitoring of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and C-reactive protein (CRP) at six different time points.. The inflammatory reaction caused by the laparoscopic procedure was reduced compared with open surgery. IL-6 was significantly lower after the laparoscopic procedure, measured by comparing area under the curve (AUC), and after adjusting for the confounding effect of coronary heart disease (. In this substudy of a randomized controlled trial comparing laparoscopic and open aortobifemoral bypass surgeries, we found a decreased perioperative inflammatory response after the laparoscopic procedure measured by comparing AUC for serum IL-6.

Topics: Acute-Phase Reaction; Aged; Aortic Diseases; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Constriction, Pathologic; Female; Humans; Iliac Artery; Inflammation Mediators; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Laparoscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Norway; Severity of Illness Index; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Vascular Surgical Procedures

Although cytokines are known to be pivotal in the development of atherosclerotic diseases, few data exist regarding their expressions in the established stages such as aneurysmal or occlusive lesions. Therefore, in the present study the gene expression levels of cytokine-related substances in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and carotid artery stenosis (CAS) were determined using cDNA macroarray and real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods.. Tissue samples were obtained from 31 patients with AAA and 24 with CAS. The array-specific [33P]-labeled cDNA probe mixture synthesized from 2.5 microg total RNA with gene-specific primers was hybridized with nylon membranes containing 375 cDNA clones. Densitometric analysis confirmed differences in expression (>5-fold) for 97 of the cytokine-related gene products between AAA and adjacent control tissue. Among these, simultaneous upregulation was found in the expression of interleukin (IL)-8 (9-fold) and its receptor, CXCR-2 (11-fold). Thus, the expressions of IL-8 and CXCR-2 were further quantified by real-time RT-PCR. The expression of both the genes was significantly upregulated in both AAA and CAS compared with control regions as followed: IL-8=0.53+/-0.16 vs 0.11+/-0.04 (p<0.01); CXCR-2=2.04+/-0.75 vs 0.29+/-0.10 (p<0.01) in AAA, and IL-8=1.35 +/-0.25 vs 0.60+/-0.16; CXCR-2=2.00 +/-0.51 vs 0.58+/-0.21 (p<0.05) in CAS. Under these conditions, the gene expressions of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and its receptor, CCR-2, were not significantly different in the control and diseased regions of both AAA and CAS.. Sustained upregulation of IL-8 and CXCR-2 was observed in both AAA and CAS, suggesting the inflammatory process is still active in established dilated and occlusive atherosclerotic diseases. Whether upregulation of this system could be protective or not protective for disease development requires further study.

Topics: Aged; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Arteriosclerosis; Chemokines; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-8; Male; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Receptors, Chemokine; Receptors, Interleukin-8B; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Tissue Array Analysis; Up-Regulation

Brain ischemia is characterized by local inflammation reflected by accumulation of inflammatory cells and a multitude of mediators. Among them, cytokines and chemokines may influence the inflammatory cascade that follows cerebral ischemia. Here we report on brain hemispheric and systemic increase of pro-inflammatory IL-17 and IFN-gamma, the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10, and the chemokines IP-10, IL-8 and MIP-2, 1 h to 6 days after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). IL-17 and IFN-gamma mRNA levels were elevated in the ischemic hemispheres of pMCAO-operated rats compared with corresponding hemispheres of sham-operated rats. Levels were slightly elevated at 1 h, and peaked at 6 days after pMCAO. IL-8 and MIP-2 levels in the ischemic hemispheres peaked at 24 h, whereas IP-10 showed a biphasic profile with two peaks at 6 h and 6 days after pMCAO. IL-4 peaked in the ischemic hemispheres at 6 h, when IL-10 levels were lower than in sham-operated rats, and IL-10 levels peaked at 2 days after pMCAO. Systemically, the numbers of IL-17 and IFN-gamma mRNA expressing blood mononuclear cells were elevated already at 1 h after pMCAO, preceding the changes in the ischemic hemispheres. Altered levels of IL-17 and IFN-gamma after pMCAO may affect outcome of brain ischemia.

Topics: Animals; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Arteries; Chemokine CXCL10; Chemokine CXCL2; Chemokines; Chemokines, CXC; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-4; Interleukin-8; Lymph Nodes; Male; Monocytes; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Spleen

Sickle cell disease has a worldwide distribution and is a public health problem in Brazil. Although vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) is one of the most important clinical features of the disease, there are still several steps of its pathogenesis which are unknown. The increase of the chemotactic factor interleukin 8 (IL-8) has been reported to be involved in sickle cell disease crisis, but this has not been demonstrated conclusively. In the present study we analyzed serum IL-8 levels by ELISA and hematological parameters and hemoglobin patterns by standard techniques in 23 (21 SS and 2 SC) Brazilian patients with sickle cell syndromes during VOC caused by different inducing factors, 22 (21 SS and 1 SC) sickle cell patients out of crisis, and 11 healthy controls. Increased IL-8 levels were observed in 19 of 23 VOC patients (79.2%), 3 of them with more than 1,000 pg/ml. Seventeen of 22 (77.3%) non-crisis patients showed low IL-8 levels (less than 15 pg/ml). Healthy controls had low IL-8 levels. A significant difference in serum IL-8 levels was observed between crisis and non-crisis sickle cell patients (P<0.0001). There was no correlation between IL-8 levels and hematological data or hemoglobin patterns. High serum IL-8 levels were observed in VOC patients independently of the crisis-inducing factor. We conclude that in the studied population, IL-8 concentration may be a useful VOC marker, although the mechanism of the pathogenic process of sickle cell VOC syndromes remains unclear.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Biomarkers; Brazil; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Hemoglobin, Sickle; Hemoglobins; Humans; Infant; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Syndrome

A growing amount of data supports the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic diseases but the cellular source of cytokines has not been clearly identified. Cytokines could be produced by inflammatory cells, activated endothelial and smooth muscle cells, and by the tissue exposed to recurrent ischemia. Accordingly, we evaluated whether hypoperfusion induces gene expression of interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6 in the skeletal muscle of patients with peripheral arterial disease and critical limb ischemia.. Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained, during a femoral-distal bypass, from normoperfused (control) and hypoperfused skeletal muscles in 8 patients. Gene expression was assessed by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, using glyceraldehyde-phosphate-deydrogenase mRNA levels as a normalization factor.. In the hypoperfused biopsies, the level of IL-1beta gene expression was significantly higher in all but 2 patients (mean upregulation > 8.8 fold, p = 0.043), and the level of IL-6 gene expression was significantly higher in all but 1 patient (mean upregulation > 23.7 fold, p = 0.031).. We report that IL-1beta and IL-6 gene expression is markedly upregulated in hypoperfused skeletal muscle of patients with critical lower limb ischemia. To our knowledge this is the first report of a local activation of the inflammatory cascade at the level of hypoperfused skeletal muscle. This activation, which could worsen symptoms and tissue viability and be involved in the pathophysiology of reperfusion injury, might be considered as a therapeutic target. It remains to be investigated whether our results may also apply to coronary artery disease.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Female; Gene Expression; Humans; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-8; Ischemia; Leg; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal

To evaluate the role of the surgical access with regard to the generation of proinflammatory proteins in patients with aortoiliac occlusive disease.. Non-random, prospective study of patients undergoing an aortobifemoral bypass procedure.. Twenty-six patients were divided into three groups. In the first group of eight patients, a transperitoneal median laparotomy was used. The second group comprised 10 patients in whom a laparoscopically assisted extraperitoneal minilaparotomy was performed and, in the third group, eight patients were operated on using a retroperitoneal access.. Biochemical analysis of acute phase proteins and the cytokines interleukin-6 (Il 6), interleukin-8 (Il 8) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF).. Aortic cross-clamp and total operative time were significantly longer in the laparoscopic group. After 24 h Il-6 concentrations were significantly higher in the transperitoneal (p < 0.05) and the retroperitoneal group (p < 0.006). After 6 h there was a reduced Il-8 concentration in the laparoscopic group compared to patients with a standard retroperitoneal access. Neither TNF nor acute phase proteins showed any significant alterations.. Laparoscopic-assisted vascular surgery allows for a smaller incision and reduces the surgical trauma, as it is reflected by interleukin levels.

Topics: Acute-Phase Proteins; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Aorta; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Constriction; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Iliac Artery; Inflammation Mediators; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Intraoperative Complications; Laparoscopy; Laparotomy; Middle Aged; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Peritoneum; Prospective Studies; Retroperitoneal Space; Time Factors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vascular Patency; Video Recording