interleukin-8 and Altitude-Sickness

Lundeberg, Jenny, John R. Feiner, Andrew Schober, Jeffrey W. Sall, Helge Eilers, and Philip E. Bickler. Increased cytokines at high altitude: lack of effect of ibuprofen on acute mountain sickness, physiological variables or cytokine levels. High Alt Med Biol. 19:249-258, 2018.. There is no consensus on the role of inflammation in high-altitude acclimatization.. To determine the effects of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (ibuprofen 400 mg every 8 hours) on blood cytokines, acclimatization, acute mountain sickness (AMS, Lake Louise Score), and noninvasive oxygenation in brain and muscle in healthy volunteers.. In this double-blind study, 20 volunteers were randomized to receive ibuprofen or placebo at sea level and for 48 hours at 3800 m altitude. Arterial, brain, and leg muscle saturation with near infrared spectroscopy, pulse oximetry, and heart rate were measured. Blood samples were collected for cytokine levels and cytokine gene expression.. All of the placebo subjects and 8 of 11 ibuprofen subjects developed AMS at altitude (p = 0.22, comparing placebo and ibuprofen). On arrival at altitude, the oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry (S. We found that ibuprofen, at the package-recommended adult dose, did not have a significant effect on altitude-related increases in cytokines, AMS scores, blood, or tissue oxygenation in a population of healthy subjects with a high incidence of AMS.

Topics: Acclimatization; Adult; Altitude Sickness; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Brain; Cytokines; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gene Expression; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; Heart Rate; Humans; Ibuprofen; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal; Oximetry; Oxygen; RNA, Messenger; Treatment Failure; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Young Adult

We investigated whether a diet of increased carbohydrate content reduces the symptoms of acute mountain sickness (AMS) and whether concentrations of circulating cytokines rise and correlate with hypoxia and AMS. There were 19 healthy volunteers who ingested in randomized order both a high carbohydrate (68% CHO) or normal carbohydrate (45% CHO) diet for 4 d. On the 4th d, subjects were exposed to 8 h of 10% normobaric oxygen. Each subject completed the Lake Louise Consensus Questionnaire (LLCQ: a questionnaire developed to quantify the common symptoms and consequences of AMS) at the beginning and end of each hypoxic session, at which times venous blood was obtained for the following cytokines: interleukins 1 beta, 6 and 8 (IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). AMS symptoms did not differ significantly between the diets (LLCQ scores: 68% CHO = 10.1 +/- 3.8 vs. 45% CHO = 10.3 +/- 4.1). Cytokine concentrations did not change with hypoxia on either diet, nor did individual changes correlate with AMS symptoms. We conclude that a high carbohydrate diet for 4 d does not reduce the symptoms of AMS; and plasma cytokine concentrations do not change with hypoxia and the development of AMS and, thus, are not likely mediators of this syndrome.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Altitude Sickness; Cross-Over Studies; Dietary Carbohydrates; Female; Humans; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Mountaineering; Oxygen; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

To analyse the correlation between production of angiogenic [vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and interleukin 8 (IL-8)] and lymphangiogenic factors (VEGF-C and D) and adaptation to high altitude (>8000 m). Erythropoietin (EPO) served as a positive control.. We analysed the percentage of oxygen saturation and the plasmatic contents of VEGF-A, C, D, IL-8 and EPO in seven mountaineers and four Sherpas during an expedition to Mount Everest. Acute mountain sickness was also evaluated using the Lake Louise score.. Whereas VEGF-A, IL-8, VEGF-C and EPO were transiently up-regulated at 5000 m and decreased at the highest altitudes, VEGF-D remained elevated throughout the ascent. Sherpas had increased basal levels of VEGF-A, C, IL-8 and EPO and up-regulation of all the tested factors when they passed the altitude at which they lived.. Our data suggest that expression of angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors is up-regulated directly or indirectly by altitude-dependent hypoxia. Both factors could be involved in a mechanism of adaptation to high altitudes.

Topics: Acclimatization; Adult; Altitude; Altitude Sickness; Angiogenic Proteins; Erythropoietin; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Interleukin-8; Lymphangiogenesis; Middle Aged; Mountaineering; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Oxygen; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D

We present a case of high altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE) with pulmonary hypertension and polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), which occurred in a 21 year old man. Plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) concentration in BALF were elevated on admission, and returned to normal level at recovery, when the pulmonary artery pressure and the PMN counts in BALF were normal. In addition, E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in BALF were also slightly increased on admission. These findings suggest that endothelin-1 is a vasoconstrictor which contributes to the pulmonary hypertension in high altitude pulmonary oedema, and that some of the inflammatory mediators play an important role in chemotaxis and accumulation of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in the development of high altitude pulmonary oedema.

Topics: Adult; Altitude Sickness; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; E-Selectin; Endothelin-1; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Interleukin-8; Leukocyte Count; Male; Mountaineering; Neutrophils; Pulmonary Edema; Pulmonary Wedge Pressure; Vasoconstrictor Agents

Topics: Altitude Sickness; Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; Animals; Brain Edema; Cytokines; Endothelial Growth Factors; Endothelium, Vascular; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; Humans; Interferon-alpha; Interleukin-2; Interleukin-8; Lignin; Lymphokines; Macrophage Activation; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Purpura; Retinal Hemorrhage; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors