interleukin-8 and Abscess

Systemic anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals showing an extensive infiltrate of neutrophils has been reported and referred to as 'neutrophil-rich' CD30+ ALCL. Secondary cutaneous involvement has been found in a subset of these cases. We report the clinicopathological features of four immunocompetent patients with primary cutaneous neutrophil-rich ALCL and present a new histological subtype with a dissolute growth pattern of CD30+ tumour cells. Four HIV-negative patients presented with rapidly growing solitary or multiple tumours located on the face. Ulceration of the lesions with purulent discharge was a typical finding. Various inflammatory dermatoses were considered clinically in all cases. The histological hallmark was a large number of neutrophils in the infiltrate that masked neoplastic CD30+ anaplastic cells. In two cases, a dissolute growth pattern of anaplastic tumour cells was observed. In two cases, a strong correlation between tumour growth and interleukin (IL)-8 cytokine pattern as well as the production of IL-8 by tumour cells was demonstrated. The diagnosis of neutrophil-rich ALCL is challenging clinically and histologically as the tumour cell compartment is masked by an extensive inflammatory infiltrate of neutrophils and other reactive cells such as histiocytes which may be mainly due to release of IL-8 by tumour cells. The term 'pyogenic' designates the typical feature of this distinct neutrophil-rich ALCL, namely abscess formation ('pyo-') by cytokines (IL-8) produced by tumour cells ('-genic'). The clinical behaviour of this type is the same as in primary cutaneous CD30+ ALCL with classical histological presentation.

Topics: Abscess; Adult; Facial Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Interleukin-8; Ki-1 Antigen; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Male; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Skin Neoplasms; Tumor Cells, Cultured

The aim: To assess of pro-inflammatory IL-8 and anti-inflammatory IL-10 serum concentration in patients with T2DM with intraabdominal postoperative abscesses in perioperative period.. Materials and methods: The 48 participants, aged 40 - 75 years, among them 24 males and 24 females. All patients were divided into groups: group 1 - 12 patients with T2DM and intra-abdominal postoperative abscesses, group 2 - 12 patients without T2DM but with intra-abdominal postoperative abscesses and 24 healthy individuals. The level of IL-8and IL-10 serum was determined on the day before surgery, on the 2-3rd and 5-7th day after surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes and intra-abdominal postoperative abscesses.. Results and conclusions: The trajectories of the level of interleukins in patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus were different from the trajectories of their level in patients without diabetes, which indicates a special immune response to nosocomial infection and surgical trauma. The mechanism of changes in serum levels of IL-8 and IL-10 in patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus and postoperative intra-abdominal abscesses should be further studied in future studies on the specific causative agent of nosocomial infection and the cytokine response to it.

Topics: Abdominal Abscess; Abscess; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged

The optimal time to fulfill the second (plastic) phase delayed early radical surgery in patients over the complicated forms of acute paraproctitis. On the 7th day after the opening of an abscess in a smear from the surface layer of the wound inflammatory regenerative cytogram type was observed in 66.8% of patients, early regenerative type--at 33.2%. On the 10th day was observed regenerative cytogram type. The dynamics of the concentration of cytokines in wound fluid on the 7th day showed a favorable course of wound healing process, without increasing the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, which allowed to perform the second stage of early delayed surgery in 7-10 days.

Topics: Abscess; Acute Disease; Adult; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-4; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Period; Proctitis; Rectum; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Wound Healing

Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) is a small intestinal brush border enzyme that has been shown to function as a gut mucosal defense factor, but its precise mechanism of action remains unclear. We investigated the effects of IAP on specific bacteria and bacterial components to determine its molecular targets. Purulent fluid from a cecal ligation and puncture model, specific live and heat-killed bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes), and a variety of proinflammatory ligands (LPS, CpG DNA, Pam-3-Cys, flagellin, and TNF) were incubated with or without calf IAP (cIAP). Phosphate release was determined by using a malachite green assay. The various fluids were applied to target cells (THP-1, parent HT-29, and IAP-expressing HT-29 cells) and IL-8 secretion measured by ELISA. cIAP inhibited IL-8 induction by purulent fluid in THP-1 cells by >35% (P < 0.005). HT29-IAP cells had a reduced IL-8 response specifically to gram-negative bacteria; >90% reduction compared with parent cells (P < 0.005). cIAP had no effect on live bacteria but attenuated IL-8 induction by heat-killed bacteria by >40% (P < 0.005). cIAP exposure to LPS and CpG DNA caused phosphate release and reduced IL-8 in cell culture by >50% (P < 0.005). Flagellin exposure to cIAP also resulted in reduced IL-8 secretion by >40% (P < 0.005). In contrast, cIAP had no effect on TNF or Pam-3-Cys. The mechanism of IAP action appears to be through dephosphorylation of specific bacterial components, including LPS, CpG DNA, and flagellin, and not on live bacteria themselves. IAP likely targets these bacterially derived molecules in its role as a gut mucosal defense factor.

Topics: Abdomen; Abscess; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; Cattle; Cell Line; DNA, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Flagellin; HT29 Cells; Humans; Interleukin-8; Intestinal Mucosa; Lipopolysaccharides; Listeria monocytogenes; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Phosphorylation; Salmonella typhimurium; Toll-Like Receptors

Cytokines level and cytokines antibodies in the blood serum, oral and gingival fluids was studied in 15 patients with odontogenic maxillofacial abscesses. Increased level of the inflammatory cytokines (IL1β, IL6, IL8) and decreased level of the anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL4, IL10) in oral and dentigingival fluids. Besides, increased content of autoantibodies of class sIgA to IL8 and decreased content of autoantibodies of class sIgA to IL10 was noted.

Topics: Abscess; Adolescent; Adult; Autoantibodies; Cytokines; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Humans; Interleukin-8; Male; Maxillary Diseases; Young Adult

The cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) binds with high affinity to the CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors on neutrophils. In previous studies, we showed that (99m)Tc-IL-8 could rapidly and effectively delineate foci of infection and inflammation in rabbit models of intramuscular infection, colitis, and osteomyelitis. Here, the in vivo kinetics and pharmacodynamics of (99m)Tc-IL-8 are studied in detail. A derivative of hydrazinonicotinamide (HYNIC) was used as a bifunctional coupling agent to label the protein with (99m)Tc.. To address specificity of uptake of (99m)Tc-IL-8 in the abscess, uptake in turpentine-induced abscesses in neutropenic rabbits was compared with uptake in turpentine-induced abscesses in normal rabbits. The pharmacokinetics of (99m)Tc-IL-8 were studied in neutropenic rabbits and compared with those in normal rabbits. To investigate the interaction of (99m)Tc-IL-8 with blood cells in circulation in normal rabbits, the distribution of the radiolabel over circulating white and red blood cells and plasma was determined. The in vivo kinetics of (99m)Tc-IL-8 were studied by quantitative analysis of whole-body images acquired between 0 and 6 h after injection. The results of this analysis (in vivo biodistribution) were validated by ex vivo counting of radioactivity in dissected tissues.. The abscess uptake (percentage of injected dose per gram of tissue [%ID/g] +/- SEM) in immunocompetent rabbits (0.41 +/- 0.05) was 10 times higher than that in neutropenic rabbits (0.038 +/- 0.014), demonstrating specificity of the target uptake of (99m)Tc-IL-8. Abscess-to-muscle ratios +/- SEM were also 10 times higher (110 +/- 10 vs. 10 +/- 5). Lung and spleen uptake in normal rabbits was 3 times higher than that in neutropenic rabbits. The blood clearance of the radiolabel in neutropenic rabbits was similar to that in normal rabbits. In circulation, most of (99m)Tc-IL-8 (70%) was found in the plasma fraction. Less than one third was associated with red blood cells, and only a very low percentage (<2.5%) was associated with white blood cells. Image analysis revealed a gradually increasing abscess uptake over time up to >15%ID, which was confirmed by ex vivo gamma-counting of the infected muscle. The highest increase in uptake in the abscess was observed after 2 h following injection, when most of (99m)Tc-IL-8 was cleared from the blood, suggesting specific neutrophil-mediated accumulation of (99m)Tc-IL-8 in the abscess. Furthermore, region-of-interest analysis revealed that gradual accumulation of (99m)Tc-IL-8 in the abscess was accompanied by a simultaneous clearance of activity from the lungs, suggesting that neutrophil-associated (99m)Tc-IL-8 that was initially trapped in the lungs migrates to the abscess at later time points, favoring neutrophil-bound transportation from the lungs to the abscess.. Substantial support is given for the hypothesis that (99m)Tc-IL-8 localizes in the abscess, mainly bound to peripheral neutrophils. Accumulation in the abscess is a highly specific, neutrophil-driven process. As assessed by in vivo and ex vivo analysis, the total fraction that accumulates in the inflamed tissue is extremely high (up to >15 %ID) compared with that of other agents used for imaging infection and inflammation.

Topics: Abscess; Animals; Erythrocytes; Female; Infections; Inflammation; Interleukin-8; Kinetics; Leukocytes; Neutropenia; Neutrophils; Organ Specificity; Organotechnetium Compounds; Rabbits; Radionuclide Imaging; Radiopharmaceuticals; Tissue Distribution; Turpentine; Whole-Body Counting

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha exerts both physiologic and pathologic effects in response to infection, conferring the benefit of host defense against infection at the risk of eliciting severe pathology if the response is excessive or inappropriate. In the present study, the effects of an anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody (MAb) and a TNF-alpha receptor construct (p75-Fc) were compared with that of saline in a primate model of subcutaneous abscess induced with Staphylococcus aureus. Intravenous administration of anti-TNF-alpha MAb delayed the onset and reduced the incidence and the severity of abscess formation in response to inoculation with S. aureus at concentrations of 10(9) and 10(10) cfu/mL, compared with administration of saline. In contrast, no improvement in abscess formation was observed in animals treated with p75-Fc. These results supply initial evidence that anti-TNF-alpha MAb, unlike p75-Fc, provides a beneficial effect in this abscess model.

Topics: Abscess; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Etanercept; Female; Immunoglobulin G; Interleukin-12; Interleukin-8; Macaca mulatta; Male; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; Skin Diseases, Bacterial; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a chemotactic cytokine involved in activation and recruitment of neutrophils to areas of infection. In our previous studies in rabbits we tested 123I-labeled IL-8 for its potential to image infections and showed that IL-8 rapidly and efficiently accumulated in infectious foci. However, labeling of IL-8 with 123I is costly and laborious and the specific activity of the preparation was low. In this study IL-8 was labeled with 99mTc through the hydrazinonicotinamide (HYNIC) chelator.. The leukocyte receptor-binding capacity of the preparation was determined in vitro. Rabbits with Escherichia coli abscesses were injected intravenously with 7 MBq 99mTc-HYNIC-IL-8. Biodistribution of the radiolabel was determined by gamma camera imaging and tissue counting at 8 h after injection. 99mTc-HYNIC-lysozyme was used as a size-matched control.. The leukocyte receptor-binding capacity of the 99mTc-HYNIC-IL-8 preparation was preserved as determined in vitro, but labeling efficiency was modest with a specific activity of 3 MBq/microg. 99mTc-HYNIC-IL-8 accumulated rapidly in the abscess up to 0.33 +/- 0.06 percentage injected dose per gram (%ID/g) at 8 h after injection (vs. 0.025 +/- 0.003 %lD/g for 99mTc-HYNIC-lysozyme). Total uptake in the abscess was 4.9 +/- 0.7 %ID (vs. 0.44 +/- 0.05 %ID for 99mTc-HYNIC-lysozyme). Abscess-to-contralateral muscle ratios increased up to 127 +/- 23 (compared with 6.7 +/- 1.1 for 99mTc-HYNIC-lysozyme) and abscess-to-blood ratios increased to 11.9 +/- 2.2 (0.24 +/- 0.03 for 99mTc-HYNIC-lysozyme). The radiolabel was excreted renally, with a retention in the kidneys of 28 %ID. Gamma camera imaging rapidly visualized the abscess from 1 h after injection onward, with abscess-to-background ratios improving with time up to 22 at 8 h after injection (vs. 2.7 for 99mTc-HYNIC-lysozyme), as determined by quantitative analysis of the images. Most important, only a transient (30 min) moderate drop of leukocyte counts and no leukocytosis were observed after injection of an imaging dose of 99mTc-HYNIC-IL-8.. IL-8 can be labeled with 99mTc using HYNIC as a chelator. By this method the leukocyte receptor-binding capacity is preserved. The preparation allows rapid visualization of infection in a rabbit model with high target-to-background ratios. The mild transient drop of leukocyte counts and the absence of leukocytosis suggest that 99mTc-HYNIC-IL-8 may be used as an imaging agent with only mild and transient side effects.

Topics: Abscess; Animals; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; Hydrazines; Interleukin-8; Isotope Labeling; Ligands; Nicotinic Acids; Rabbits; Radioimmunodetection; Radiopharmaceuticals; Technetium; Tissue Distribution

Several small receptor-binding agents have been tested for imaging of infection and inflammation. The potential of chemotactic peptides and of interleukins is promising and superior to that of conventional agents. In this study, we investigated the potential of interleukin-8 (IL-8) to image infection in rabbits.. IL-8 was labeled with 123I using the Bolton-Hunter method. Twenty-fours hours after induction of Escherichia coli abscesses in the left thigh muscle, rabbits were injected intravenously with 18.5 MBq 123I-IL-8. Gamma camera images were obtained at 5 min and at 1, 4, and 8 h after injection. Biodistribution was determined 8 h after injection.. 123I-IL-8 rapidly cleared from the blood. Accumulation of 123I-IL-8 in the abscess was visible as early as 1 h after injection. The highest abscess uptake was obtained 4 h after injection (2.6+/-0.2 percentage injected dose [%ID]), whereas 123I-IL-8 rapidly cleared from all other tissues. This resulted in increases in abscess-to-background ratios to 13.0+/-0.7 (8 h after injection), as determined by quantification of the images. In tissue biodistribution (8 h after injection), the abscess uptake was 0.057+/-0.011 %ID/g with abscess-to-contralateral muscle ratios of 114.7+/-23.0. The radioiodination method clearly affected the in vivo biodistribution of IL-8 because IL-8 iodinated using the lodo-Gen method cleared significantly slower from the blood and most other organs, resulting in poor visualization of the abscess.. The superior characteristics of IL-8 radioiodinated using the Bolton-Hunter method--i.e., high abscess uptake and rapid background clearance within a few hours--make IL-8 a promising agent to image infection and inflammation.

Topics: Abscess; Animals; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Interleukin-8; Iodine Radioisotopes; Rabbits; Radioimmunodetection; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution