interleukin-8 and Abortion--Spontaneous

To investigate the effects of vaginal microecology and immune status on the pregnancy outcome of cervical cerclage.. The clinical data of 125 patients with cervical incompetence who underwent transvaginal cervical cerclage in our hospital from January 2018 to January 2021 were collected, based on which the associations of vaginal microecology and related immune cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) with the cervical cerclage outcome were explored.. All of the 125 patients had singleton pregnancies, who were aged 20-43 years, with a mean of (32.34 ± 5.17) years. The surgery was successful in 104 patients (full-term delivery or survival of premature infants), while unsuccessful in 21 patients (late miscarriage or death of premature infants), revealing a success rate of 83.20%. There were 70 full-term deliveries, 34 premature deliveries (28 survived while 6 died), and 15 late miscarriages. Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the timing of surgery, gestational age of cerclage, preoperative cervical canal length, genital tract infections and preoperative invasive procedures between the successful and unsuccessful groups (P < 0.05). Insignificant differences were found in the pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (P > 0.05). According to the multivariate analysis results, cerclage timing and genital tract infections were independent risk factors for postoperative pregnancy failure (P < 0.05). The pathogen detection rates in the two groups of pregnant women were analyzed, finding significantly higher incidence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in the unsuccessful group than in the successful group (P < 0.05). Inter-group comparison revealed that the positive rates for vaginal microenvironmental factors (LE, NAG, SNA, H. The pregnancy outcome of patients undergoing cervical cerclage is associated with the imbalance of vaginal microecology and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in cervicovaginal secretions.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Cerclage, Cervical; Female; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Reproductive Tract Infections; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Balanced cytokine required for a healthy pregnancy to avoid miscarriage. There is yet no accord on the effect of raised progesterone on the endometrium, recurrent miscarriage and association with cytokines. The present study see the effect of raised serum progesterone level on ovulation, miscarriage, and association of selected Cytokines polymorphisms with recurrent miscarriage. In a controlled prospective study patients undergoing COS under controlled ovarian hyper stimulation were evaluated. On the day of trigger progesterone levels were measured and serum hormonal estimation assay was done on the day of ovulation trigger by automated immunoassay. Genotyping analysis using allelic discrimination method was conducted which detects SNPs base pair differences by comparing allele-specific fluorescence signal. There was no significant different between cases and controls in age, smoking habit and alcohol consumption habit. The ovulation trigger yielded >6 oocytes retrieval in majority of the patients. The mean stromal day were found to be statistically significant whereas the mean day of glands were insignificant. There is no significant difference observed between two groups for three studied polymorphisms. None of the polymorphisms deviated significantly from the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, suggesting that the distribution in our subjects was representative of the actual population. The level of cytokines is guarded by various parameters, which are essential for a successful pregnancy. It is very complicated to predict the effect on endometrium and corresponding pregnancy rates due to increased progesterone.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Alleles; Female; Genotype; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Ovulation; Ovulation Induction; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; Progesterone; Prospective Studies; Up-Regulation; Young Adult

For a successful pregnancy, the mother's immune system has to tolerate the semiallogeneic fetus. A deleterious immune attack is avoided by orchestration of cellular, hormonal, and enzymatic factors. However, the precise mechanisms underlying fetomaternal tolerance are not yet completely understood. In this study, we demonstrate that sphingolipid metabolism constitutes a novel signaling pathway that is indispensable for fetomaternal tolerance by regulating innate immune responses at the fetomaternal interface. Perturbation of the sphingolipid pathway by disruption of the sphingosine kinase gene (Sphk) during pregnancy caused unusually high expression of neutrophil chemoattractants, CXCL1 and CXCL2, in the decidua, leading to a massive infiltration of neutrophils into the fetomaternal interface with enhanced oxidative damage, resulting in early fetal death. Sphk-deficient mice also exhibited neutrophilia in the peripheral blood, enhanced generation of granulocytes in the bone marrow, and a decrease in the number of decidual natural killer cells. The blockage of neutrophil influx protected Sphk-deficient mice against pregnancy loss. Notably, a similar result was obtained in human decidual cells, in which Sphk deficiency dramatically increased the secretion of CXCL1 and IL-8. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the sphingolipid metabolic pathway plays a critical role in fetomaternal tolerance by regulating innate immunity at the fetomaternal interface both in mice and humans, and it could provide novel insight into the development of therapeutic strategies to treat idiopathic pregnancy loss in humans.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Animals; Chemokine CXCL1; Chemokines; Decidua; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Flow Cytometry; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Immunity, Innate; Interleukin-8; Lymphocyte Activation; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Neutrophils; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Sphingolipids; T-Lymphocytes; Time Factors

The contribution of local inflammation to the pathophysiology of abnormal choromosomally miscarriages remains unclear The objective of this study was to investigate the inflammatory response at the maternofetal interface of women presenting with first trimester miscarriage with abnormal choromosomally. Level of TNF-α , IL-6 ve IL-17 were asseyed using immunohistochemistry technique at decidual and placental bed biopsy samples from 23 women with elective termination of pregnancy 21 euploid and 18 aneuploid missed miscarriages. Immunostainig for TNF-α, IL-6 ve IL-17 has been evaluated semi-quantitatively by 'quickscore' method.. We found that the intensity of TNF-α staining was high in the miscarriage group, and this has been found in previous studies. Unlike some previous studies, the intensity of IL-6 staining was higher in the miscarriage groups only in decidual glandular epithelium. The intensity of IL-6 staining was found to be higher in the miscarriage group with chromosome anomaly than in the miscarriage group without chromosome anomaly. There was no significant difference in IL-17 levels between any of the groups.. Cytokines are considered to play an important role in the maintenance of pregnancy but the exact mechanism between them and the mutual regulation relationship were not been fully understood, which need our further study.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21; Down Syndrome; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Trisomy; Trisomy 18 Syndrome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

We have previously shown in two independent cohorts that circulating first trimester Macrophage Inhibitory Cytokine-1 (MIC-1) levels are lower in women in early pregnancy who are destined to miscarriage. While promising, the diagnostic performance of measuring MIC-1 alone was not sufficient for it to be a useful predictive test for miscarriage. Besides MIC-1, there are other cytokines, as well as chemokines, involved in facilitating early pregnancy. We reasoned that screening these factors in maternal plasma could uncover other predictive markers of miscarriage.. This was a nested case control study, of 78 women from a prospective study of 462 attending the Early Pregnancy Assessment Unit in the first trimester (EPAU) with a threatened miscarriage; 34 of these subsequently miscarried (cases) and 44 went on to have a normal delivery (controls) Cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10, and the chemokines, CXCL8, CCL2, CCL5, CCL7 and CX3CL1 were measured in plasma from our cohort.. The cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and the chemokine CXCL8 were not detectable in first trimester plasma. The chemokines CCL2, CCL5, CCL7 and CX3CL1 were detectable in all samples but levels did not vary across 5-12 weeks of gestation among controls. Plasma levels of these chemokines were no different in the miscarriage cohort compared to controls.. The chemokines CCL2, CCL5, CCL7 and CX3CL1 were detectable in plasma during the first trimester while IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and CXCL8 were not. However, none of the cytokines and chemokines screened were different in maternal plasma in cases or controls. These therefore do not appear to have potential for application as predictive biomarkers of miscarriage.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Chemokine CCL2; Chemokine CCL5; Chemokine CCL7; Chemokine CX3CL1; Chemokines; Female; Humans; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Plasma; Polymers; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Prospective Studies; Young Adult

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in the spontaneous abortion of the first and second trimester of pregnancy and the possibility of IL-6 and IL-8 being used as markers for the pregnancy outcome.. The patients were divided into three groups: group 1, women at the time of first trimester miscarriage (n = 35); group 2, women at the time of second trimester miscarriage (n = 35); group 3 included the women without previous history of abortions submitted to hysterectomy (n = 10). Plasma levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 were measured by bioassays method (ELISA). Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to assess differences between two or more groups of patients, respectively. Post hoc analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni's correction.. Interleukin 6 levels in women who had a second trimester abortion were statistically higher compared to those who had a first trimester abortion. Interleukin-8 levels in patients with second trimester abortion were also statistically higher compared to the control group. No significant differences between women with first trimester abortions and those without previous history of abortions were found.. Our data suggest that IL-6 and IL-8 might be crucial factors which take part in the defensive reaction of maternal organization during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Female; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Prospective Studies; Young Adult

To evaluate morphological and inflammatory events in the uterine cervix in first trimester miscarriages.. Experimental study.. Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.. Nulliparous women with first trimester symptomatic (n = 7) or silent (n = 11) miscarriage scheduled for surgical evacuation and nulliparous women scheduled for surgical termination of first trimester pregnancies (control group n = 11).. Before evacuation, biopsies were obtained from the cervix. The specimens were either fixed in glutaraldehyde for electron microscopy or snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -70 degrees C until analyses of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).. Ultrastructure of cervical tissue, cervical tissue levels of IL-8, immunohistochemistry of MMP-1, MMP-8, MMP-9 and IL-8.. The organization of the cervical collagen framework was deranged, the fibroblasts were reactive and the number of activated mast cells appeared to be increased in specimens from women with miscarriage compared with controls. IL-8 was significantly increased in women with miscarriage. Immunohistochemistry of MMP-1 and MMP-8 did not demonstrate any significant difference between the groups. MMP-9 was significantly lower in specimens from women with symptomatic miscarriage compared to women with silent miscarriage and women in the control group.. An inflammatory-like response takes place in the cervix both in women with symptomatic and silent miscarriage. The intensity of the inflammatory response seems to be similar in the two groups. Therefore, inadequate cervical remodeling does not seem to be the reason why some miscarriages remain silent.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Cervix Uteri; Collagen; Collagenases; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Interleukin-8; Mast Cells; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First

To determine whether early measurement of the serum cytokines interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R), IL-6, and IL-8 along with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and progesterone (P(4)) can differentiate an ectopic from an intrauterine gestation.. Retrospective analysis.. University-based fertility center.. 75 women who underwent treatment with in vitro fertilization (IVF) and subsequently had an ectopic gestation (n = 15), spontaneous abortion (SAB) (n = 30), or term delivery (TD) (n = 30).. Serum samples were obtained 14 (day 28) and 21 (day 35) days after oocyte retrieval.. Serum concentrations of IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, P(4), and hCG.. Median hCG readings on day 28 and day 35 were statistically significantly lower in the ectopic gestation group than in those with spontaneous abortion or term delivery. On day 28, median IL-8 levels were lower in the ectopic gestation group when compared with all intrauterine gestations combined. No statistically significant differences in IL-2R or IL-6 levels were noted between groups. Despite P(4) supplementation, median day-35 P(4) levels were lower in ectopic gestation than in the spontaneous abortion and term delivery cycles.. In the setting of a rise or plateau in hCG levels, low day-28 IL-8 and day-35 P(4) levels suggested an extrauterine implantation. This assay combination may facilitate earlier diagnosis of an ectopic gestation when pregnancy location is unclear.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Biomarkers; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Embryo Implantation; Female; Fertilization in Vitro; Gestational Age; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Live Birth; Predictive Value of Tests; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnancy, Ectopic; Progesterone; Receptors, Interleukin-2; Retrospective Studies; Time Factors; Up-Regulation

Evidence suggests that chemokines, proteins involved in regulation of inflammation and immune response, may have a regulatory function in pregnancy. The authors hypothesized that circulating levels of chemokines are associated with increased risk of miscarriage. Serum samples were obtained from women in the Collaborative Perinatal Project cohort who had had a miscarriage (n=439) and controls (n=373) matched by gestational age at sample collection. Concentrations of interleukin 8, epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating peptide (ENA)-78, macrophage inhibitory protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-1beta, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, and RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T-cell-expressed, and secreted) were determined by multiplex assays, and values were standardized using the standard deviation among controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to model the relation between chemokine levels and risk of miscarriage. In multivariable analysis using all available data, the authors did not observe significant associations between any of the evaluated chemokines and miscarriage risk. In analyses using subsets of the study population based on the collection-outcome interval, elevated ENA-78 levels were associated with increased risk of miscarriage as the collection-outcome interval increased; the adjusted odds ratio was 1.25 (95% confidence interval: 1.04, 1.49) for samples collected more than 35 days prior to pregnancy outcome. The observation regarding ENA-78, which has roles in regulation of angiogenesis and leukocyte recruitment, suggests a possible role for this chemokine as an early indicator of miscarriage risk.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Chemokine CCL2; Chemokine CCL3; Chemokine CCL4; Chemokine CCL5; Chemokine CXCL5; Chemokines; Chemokines, CXC; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Interleukin-8; Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; Odds Ratio; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Reproducibility of Results; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; United States

Stress induces CRH secretion that activates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and is also abortogenic. In addition to hypothalamus, CRH and its analog urocortin (Ucn) are also secreted locally outside the brain where they activate mast cells leading to inflammation; however, the level of CRH and Ucn or mast cell mediators has not been examined in products of conception (POC). CRH and Ucn were measured by enzyme immunoassay, tryptase by fluoroenzyme immunoassay, and IL-8 by ELISA in POC of 7-9 wk gestation from Caucasian women; they were divided into group I with elective abortions (n = 4), group II with one spontaneous abortion (n = 12), and group III with at least two spontaneous abortions (n = 7). CRH, Ucn, tryptase, and IL-8 levels were higher (P < 0.05) in group III (8683 +/- 1201 pg/g, 7961 +/- 1499 pg/g, 1553 +/- 572 ng/g, and 8317 +/- 1874 pg/g, respectively) than group II (2561 +/- 314 pg/g, 2349 +/- 394 pg/g, 403 +/- 97 ng/g, and 3199 +/- 449 pg/g, respectively) and group I (163 +/- 162 pg/g, 328 +/- 327 pg/g, 72 +/- 31 ng/g, and 3681 +/- 931 pg/g, respectively). Immunostaining of POC showed significantly more tryptase in group III women. High POC levels of CRH and Ucn under stress in habitual spontaneous abortions may activate uterine mast cells to secrete abortogenic tryptase and IL-8.

Topics: Abortion, Habitual; Abortion, Spontaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Interleukin-8; Pregnancy; Serine Endopeptidases; Stress, Physiological; Tryptases; Urocortins; Uterus

To investigate the diagnostic relevance of serum cytokine concentrations in ectopic pregnancy (EP).. Cohort study.. University hospital.. Seventeen women with EP, 22 women with miscarriage, and 33 women with normal intrauterine pregnancy, at comparable stages of gestation.. Interleukin (IL)-2 receptor, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) determination by immunoradiometric assay.. Serum concentrations of progesterone, beta-hCG, IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha.. Serum levels of IL-6 were higher in women with EP than in those with miscarriage and normal pregnancy. Serum levels of TNF-alpha were higher in women with EP than in those with miscarriage and normal pregnancy. Serum levels of IL-8 were higher in women with EP than in those with miscarriage and normal pregnancy. An IL-8 cutoff of >40 pg/mL predicted EP with a sensitivity of 82.4%, a specificity of 81.8%, and positive and negative predictive values of 58.3% and 93.8%. No difference in serum IL-2R levels was found among the groups.. Serum IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-alpha concentrations are higher in women with EP than in those with miscarriage and normal pregnancy. Further studies are needed to determine their diagnostic value.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Cohort Studies; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Predictive Value of Tests; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Ectopic; Progesterone; Receptors, Interleukin-2; ROC Curve; Sensitivity and Specificity; Statistics, Nonparametric; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Ultrasonography

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Female; Humans; Interleukin-8; Pregnancy; Serine Endopeptidases; Tryptases; Urocortins; Uterus

To investigate the role of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-11 in the immune-regulatory mechanisms involved in the spontaneous abortion of the first trimester of pregnancy.. Plasma levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-11 were determined in 68 women who had a spontaneous abortion of unknown aetiology during the first trimester of pregnancy. They were compared with the corresponding levels of 73 age-matched pregnant women who had an uneventful pregnancy, and 52 age-matched non-pregnant women. All enrolled women presented without any severe disease, syndrome or recent infection. Cytokine levels were measured by a sensitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay.. The women with spontaneous abortion had significantly decreased plasma levels of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-11 compared to those with normal pregnancies (P<0.05). The non-pregnant women had no detectable cytokine levels.. The reduced plasma levels of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-11 in women with spontaneous abortion may be related to the underlying aetiopathogenetic mechanisms, however, there is no sufficient evidence for their use as predictive markers of pregnancy outcome.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Birth Weight; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Interleukin-11; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Pregnancy