inositol has been researched along with Depression in 30 studies
Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.
inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.
1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.
muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.
Depression: Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "Data on comparison of myo-inositol and metformin on mental health parameters and biomarkers of oxidative stress in subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are scarce." | 9.27 | Comparison of myo-inositol and metformin on mental health parameters and biomarkers of oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ( Afshar Ebrahimi, F; Asemi, Z; Bahmani, F; Foroozanfard, F; Jamilian, H; Jamilian, M, 2018) |
| "83 weeks) in patients with unipolar depression (studies=4, n=187; monotherapy vs lithium=1, augmentation of antidepressants vs placebo=3) or bipolar depression (studies=14, n=1965; monotherapy vs placebo=5, monotherapy vs lithium or olanzapine+fluoxetine=2, augmentation of antidepressants vs placebo=1, augmentation of mood stabilizers vs placebo=3, augmentation of mood stabilizers vs trancylpromine, citalopram, or inositol=3) were meta-analyzed." | 8.93 | Lamotrigine compared to placebo and other agents with antidepressant activity in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression: a comprehensive meta-analysis of efficacy and safety outcomes in short-term trials. ( Anghelescu, IG; Correll, CU; Gao, K; Normann, C; Reis, C; Schaffer, A; Solmi, M; van der Loos, ML; Veronese, N; Zaninotto, L, 2016) |
| "Inositol, a precursor of the PIP cycle that was reported to have therapeutic effects in depressive patients and to be effective in two animal models of depression, was evaluated in the forced swim test using the genetic Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rats model of depression." | 7.71 | Chronic inositol treatment reduces depression-like immobility of Flinders Sensitive Line rats in the forced swim test. ( Belmaker, RH; Einat, H; Overstreet, DH; Yadid, G; Zangen, A, 2002) |
| "The present study examined the effects of inositol on two animal models of depression: the Porsolt forced swim test, a behaviorally based model; and the reserpine-induced immobility model, a pharmacologically based model." | 7.70 | Inositol reduces depressive-like behaviors in two different animal models of depression. ( Belmaker, RH; Einat, H; Karbovski, H; Korik, J; Tsalah, D, 1999) |
| "Myo-Inositol in the ACC was negatively correlated with MTSD-Trait scores in both patients (ρ=-0." | 5.42 | Evaluation of Myo-Inositol as a Potential Biomarker for Depression in Schizophrenia. ( Chiappelli, J; Gaston, F; Hong, LE; Kochunov, P; McMahon, RP; Muellerklein, F; Rowland, LM; Tagamets, M; Wijtenburg, SA, 2015) |
| "Myo-inositol is an important precursor in cellular second-messenger synthesis." | 5.29 | The effect of peripheral inositol injection on rat motor activity models of depression. ( Alpert, C; Belmaker, RH; Bersudsky, Y; Kofman, O; Vinnitsky, I, 1993) |
| "Data on comparison of myo-inositol and metformin on mental health parameters and biomarkers of oxidative stress in subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are scarce." | 5.27 | Comparison of myo-inositol and metformin on mental health parameters and biomarkers of oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ( Afshar Ebrahimi, F; Asemi, Z; Bahmani, F; Foroozanfard, F; Jamilian, H; Jamilian, M, 2018) |
| "83 weeks) in patients with unipolar depression (studies=4, n=187; monotherapy vs lithium=1, augmentation of antidepressants vs placebo=3) or bipolar depression (studies=14, n=1965; monotherapy vs placebo=5, monotherapy vs lithium or olanzapine+fluoxetine=2, augmentation of antidepressants vs placebo=1, augmentation of mood stabilizers vs placebo=3, augmentation of mood stabilizers vs trancylpromine, citalopram, or inositol=3) were meta-analyzed." | 4.93 | Lamotrigine compared to placebo and other agents with antidepressant activity in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression: a comprehensive meta-analysis of efficacy and safety outcomes in short-term trials. ( Anghelescu, IG; Correll, CU; Gao, K; Normann, C; Reis, C; Schaffer, A; Solmi, M; van der Loos, ML; Veronese, N; Zaninotto, L, 2016) |
| " Concentrations of glutamate + glutamin (Glx), cholin (Cho), myoinositol (mIns), N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) expressed as ratio with creatine (Cr) and NAA were correlated with markers of disease activity (RIO score), Multiple Sclerosis Severity Scale (MSSS), Depressive-Severity Status Scale and Simple Numerical Fatigue Scale." | 3.85 | Hypothalamic damage in multiple sclerosis correlates with disease activity, disability, depression, and fatigue. ( Baranovičová, E; Bittšanský, M; Čierny, D; Hnilicová, P; Kantorová, E; Kurča, E; Nosáľ, V; Poláček, H; Sivák, Š; Zeleňák, K, 2017) |
| "The purpose of this study is to explore depression metabolic markers in rat hippocampus and to investigate the anti-depressant effect of genipin and its mechanisms using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabonomics." | 3.80 | [1H NMR based metabonomics study on the antidepressant effect of genipin in rat hippocampus]. ( Gao, S; Peng, GJ; Qin, XM; Shi, BY; Tian, JS, 2014) |
| "Patients with first-episode depression may have myo-inositol and phosphoric acid metabolism disorder in the thalamus and hypothalamus with malfunction of cellular osmotic pressure adjustment mechanism." | 3.75 | [Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the thalamus and hypothalamus in patients with first-episode depression]. ( Bai, XY; Ning, WD; Wu, XP; Xie, ZC; Yang, JL; Yang, R, 2009) |
| "The effect of inositol as an antidepressant was previously demonstrated in both animal models of depression-like behavior and in clinical trials." | 3.71 | The antidepressant activity of inositol in the forced swim test involves 5-HT(2) receptors. ( Belmaker, RH; Bourin, M; Clenet, F; Einat, H; Shaldubina, A, 2001) |
| "Inositol, a precursor of the PIP cycle that was reported to have therapeutic effects in depressive patients and to be effective in two animal models of depression, was evaluated in the forced swim test using the genetic Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rats model of depression." | 3.71 | Chronic inositol treatment reduces depression-like immobility of Flinders Sensitive Line rats in the forced swim test. ( Belmaker, RH; Einat, H; Overstreet, DH; Yadid, G; Zangen, A, 2002) |
| "The present study examined the effects of inositol on two animal models of depression: the Porsolt forced swim test, a behaviorally based model; and the reserpine-induced immobility model, a pharmacologically based model." | 3.70 | Inositol reduces depressive-like behaviors in two different animal models of depression. ( Belmaker, RH; Einat, H; Karbovski, H; Korik, J; Tsalah, D, 1999) |
| "To identify possible alterations in orbitofrontal cortex levels of cytosolic choline in adolescents with and without depression, 22 depressed and 43 control adolescents were recruited." | 3.70 | Increased orbitofrontal cortex levels of choline in depressed adolescents as detected by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ( Beardslee, WR; Hennen, J; Katic, A; Moore, CM; Moore, JC; Renshaw, PF; Steingard, RJ; Vakili, K; Young, AD; Yurgelun-Todd, DA, 2000) |
| "(1) Methadone was associated with normalisation of dorsal ACC biochemistry (increased N-acetylaspartate and glutamate/glutamine levels, and decreased myo-inositol levels) in a dose-dependent manner; (2) buprenorphine-treated individuals had higher myo-inositol and glutamate/glutamine levels than methadone-treated patients in the right dorsal ACC; and (3) myo-inositol levels were positively correlated with depressive symptoms in participants stabilised on buprenorphine." | 2.78 | Cingulate biochemistry in heroin users on substitution pharmacotherapy. ( Bora, E; Lubman, DI; MacKenzie, T; Roffel, K; Verdejo-García, A; Vilar-López, R; Yücel, M, 2013) |
| "Myo-Inositol in the ACC was negatively correlated with MTSD-Trait scores in both patients (ρ=-0." | 1.42 | Evaluation of Myo-Inositol as a Potential Biomarker for Depression in Schizophrenia. ( Chiappelli, J; Gaston, F; Hong, LE; Kochunov, P; McMahon, RP; Muellerklein, F; Rowland, LM; Tagamets, M; Wijtenburg, SA, 2015) |
| "Agitation and depression are among the commonest behavioural and psychological symptoms exhibited by Alzheimer's disease patients." | 1.39 | Differences in brain metabolism associated with agitation and depression in Alzheimer's disease. ( Fuh, JL; Hung, CW; Lirng, JF; Tsai, CF; Wang, SJ, 2013) |
| "Myo-inositol is an important precursor in cellular second-messenger synthesis." | 1.29 | The effect of peripheral inositol injection on rat motor activity models of depression. ( Alpert, C; Belmaker, RH; Bersudsky, Y; Kofman, O; Vinnitsky, I, 1993) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 4 (13.33) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 2 (6.67) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 7 (23.33) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 14 (46.67) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 3 (10.00) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Pu, J | 1 |
| Liu, Y | 1 |
| Gui, S | 1 |
| Tian, L | 1 |
| Yu, Y | 1 |
| Wang, D | 1 |
| Zhong, X | 1 |
| Chen, W | 1 |
| Chen, X | 2 |
| Chen, Y | 1 |
| Gong, X | 1 |
| Liu, L | 1 |
| Li, W | 1 |
| Wang, H | 1 |
| Xie, P | 1 |
| Filipović, D | 1 |
| Inderhees, J | 1 |
| Korda, A | 1 |
| Tadić, P | 1 |
| Schwaninger, M | 1 |
| Inta, D | 1 |
| Borgwardt, S | 1 |
| Lu, L | 1 |
| Zheng, X | 1 |
| Wang, S | 1 |
| Tang, C | 1 |
| Zhang, Y | 3 |
| Yao, G | 1 |
| Zeng, J | 1 |
| Ge, S | 1 |
| Wen, H | 1 |
| Xu, M | 1 |
| Guyatt, G | 1 |
| Xu, N | 1 |
| Urrila, AS | 1 |
| Hakkarainen, A | 1 |
| Castaneda, A | 1 |
| Paunio, T | 1 |
| Marttunen, M | 1 |
| Lundbom, N | 1 |
| Jamilian, H | 1 |
| Jamilian, M | 1 |
| Foroozanfard, F | 1 |
| Afshar Ebrahimi, F | 1 |
| Bahmani, F | 1 |
| Asemi, Z | 1 |
| Sekar, S | 1 |
| Grandjean, J | 2 |
| Garnell, JF | 1 |
| Willems, R | 1 |
| Duytschaever, H | 1 |
| Seramani, S | 1 |
| Su, H | 1 |
| Ver Donck, L | 1 |
| Bhakoo, KK | 1 |
| Chamard, E | 1 |
| Henry, L | 1 |
| Boulanger, Y | 1 |
| Lassonde, M | 1 |
| Théoret, H | 1 |
| Tsai, CF | 1 |
| Hung, CW | 1 |
| Lirng, JF | 1 |
| Wang, SJ | 1 |
| Fuh, JL | 1 |
| Peng, GJ | 1 |
| Shi, BY | 1 |
| Tian, JS | 1 |
| Gao, S | 1 |
| Qin, XM | 1 |
| Chiappelli, J | 1 |
| Rowland, LM | 1 |
| Wijtenburg, SA | 1 |
| Muellerklein, F | 1 |
| Tagamets, M | 1 |
| McMahon, RP | 1 |
| Gaston, F | 1 |
| Kochunov, P | 1 |
| Hong, LE | 1 |
| Wu, H | 1 |
| Wang, P | 1 |
| Liu, M | 1 |
| Tang, L | 1 |
| Fang, J | 1 |
| Zhao, Y | 1 |
| Li, D | 1 |
| Xu, H | 1 |
| Yang, H | 1 |
| Azzinnari, D | 1 |
| Seuwen, A | 1 |
| Sigrist, H | 1 |
| Seifritz, E | 1 |
| Pryce, CR | 1 |
| Rudin, M | 1 |
| Solmi, M | 1 |
| Veronese, N | 1 |
| Zaninotto, L | 1 |
| van der Loos, ML | 1 |
| Gao, K | 1 |
| Schaffer, A | 1 |
| Reis, C | 1 |
| Normann, C | 1 |
| Anghelescu, IG | 1 |
| Correll, CU | 1 |
| Kantorová, E | 1 |
| Poláček, H | 1 |
| Bittšanský, M | 1 |
| Baranovičová, E | 1 |
| Hnilicová, P | 1 |
| Čierny, D | 1 |
| Sivák, Š | 1 |
| Nosáľ, V | 1 |
| Zeleňák, K | 1 |
| Kurča, E | 1 |
| Galeotti, N | 1 |
| Vivoli, E | 1 |
| Norcini, M | 1 |
| Bartolini, A | 1 |
| Ghelardini, C | 1 |
| Yang, R | 1 |
| Wu, XP | 1 |
| Bai, XY | 1 |
| Ning, WD | 1 |
| Yang, JL | 1 |
| Xie, ZC | 1 |
| Zheng, H | 1 |
| Zhang, L | 1 |
| Li, L | 1 |
| Liu, P | 1 |
| Gao, J | 1 |
| Liu, X | 1 |
| Zou, J | 1 |
| Liu, J | 1 |
| Zhang, Z | 1 |
| Li, Z | 1 |
| Men, W | 1 |
| Wang, X | 1 |
| Li, YH | 1 |
| Li, MH | 1 |
| Lu, J | 1 |
| Zhao, JG | 1 |
| Sun, XJ | 1 |
| Zhang, B | 1 |
| Ye, JL | 1 |
| Verdejo-García, A | 1 |
| Lubman, DI | 1 |
| Roffel, K | 1 |
| Vilar-López, R | 1 |
| Bora, E | 1 |
| MacKenzie, T | 1 |
| Yücel, M | 1 |
| Gruber, S | 1 |
| Frey, R | 1 |
| Mlynárik, V | 1 |
| Stadlbauer, A | 1 |
| Heiden, A | 1 |
| Kasper, S | 1 |
| Kemp, GJ | 1 |
| Moser, E | 1 |
| VIDAL-TEIXIDOR, R | 1 |
| Kofman, O | 1 |
| Bersudsky, Y | 1 |
| Vinnitsky, I | 1 |
| Alpert, C | 1 |
| Belmaker, RH | 4 |
| Einat, H | 3 |
| Karbovski, H | 1 |
| Korik, J | 1 |
| Tsalah, D | 1 |
| Steingard, RJ | 1 |
| Yurgelun-Todd, DA | 1 |
| Hennen, J | 1 |
| Moore, JC | 1 |
| Moore, CM | 1 |
| Vakili, K | 1 |
| Young, AD | 1 |
| Katic, A | 1 |
| Beardslee, WR | 1 |
| Renshaw, PF | 1 |
| Clenet, F | 1 |
| Shaldubina, A | 1 |
| Bourin, M | 1 |
| Dursun, SM | 1 |
| Blackburn, JR | 1 |
| Kutcher, SP | 1 |
| Zangen, A | 1 |
| Overstreet, DH | 1 |
| Yadid, G | 1 |
| Barkai, AI | 1 |
| Dunner, DL | 1 |
| Gross, HA | 1 |
| Mayo, P | 1 |
| Fieve, RR | 1 |
| Lewin, LM | 1 |
| Szeinberg, A | 1 |
| Lepkifker, E | 1 |
| Ritschel, WA | 1 |
| Wagensonner, D | 1 |
| Heringer, EA | 1 |
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The BrainDrugs-Epilepsy Study: A Prospective Open-label Cohort Precision Medicine Study in Epilepsy[NCT05450822] | 550 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2022-02-18 | Recruiting | |||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
2 reviews available for inositol and Depression
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Anti-Aβ agents for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Acitretin; Alanine; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Anx | 2020 |
Lamotrigine compared to placebo and other agents with antidepressant activity in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression: a comprehensive meta-analysis of efficacy and safety outcomes in short-term trials.
Topics: Anticonvulsants; Antidepressive Agents; Antimanic Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Bip | 2016 |
4 trials available for inositol and Depression
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Comparison of myo-inositol and metformin on mental health parameters and biomarkers of oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Biomarkers; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; In | 2018 |
High-frequency rTMS treatment increases left prefrontal myo-inositol in young patients with treatment-resistant depression.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Female; Functional Laterality; Humans; | 2010 |
Cingulate biochemistry in heroin users on substitution pharmacotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Buprenorphine; Depression; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Functiona | 2013 |
[Statistical evaluation of the effect of 3 stimulants of cellular metabolism].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aminobutyrates; Ascorbic Acid; Attention; Calcium; Depression; Emotions; Fatigue; Feedi | 1970 |
24 other studies available for inositol and Depression
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Effects of pharmacological treatment on metabolomic alterations in animal models of depression.
Topics: Animals; Depression; Glucose; Inositol; Kynurenine; Lactic Acid; Models, Animal; Serotonin; Tryptoph | 2022 |
Metabolic Fingerprints of Effective Fluoxetine Treatment in the Prefrontal Cortex of Chronically Socially Isolated Rats: Marker Candidates and Predictive Metabolites.
Topics: Acetylcarnitine; Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Behavior, Animal; Biomarkers; Depression; Fluoxetin | 2023 |
Frontal Cortex Myo-Inositol Is Associated with Sleep and Depression in Adolescents: A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study.
Topics: Adolescent; Aspartic Acid; Creatine; Depression; Female; Frontal Lobe; Humans; Image Processing, Com | 2017 |
Neuro-metabolite profiles of rodent models of psychiatric dysfunctions characterised by MR spectroscopy.
Topics: Anhedonia; Animals; Choline; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; | 2019 |
A follow-up study of neurometabolic alterations in female concussed athletes.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Athletes; Athletic Injuries; Brain Chemistry; Brain Concussion; Creatine; Depression; | 2014 |
Differences in brain metabolism associated with agitation and depression in Alzheimer's disease.
Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Depression; Female; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans | 2013 |
[1H NMR based metabonomics study on the antidepressant effect of genipin in rat hippocampus].
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Aspartic Acid; Behavior, Animal; Chronic Disease; Depressio | 2014 |
Evaluation of Myo-Inositol as a Potential Biomarker for Depression in Schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Depression; Female; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance | 2015 |
A 1H-NMR-Based Metabonomic Study on the Anti-Depressive Effect of the Total Alkaloid of Corydalis Rhizoma.
Topics: Alkaloids; Amino Acids; Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Corydalis; Depres | 2015 |
Chronic psychosocial stress in mice leads to changes in brain functional connectivity and metabolite levels comparable to human depression.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Connectome; Depression; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Disease Model | 2016 |
Hypothalamic damage in multiple sclerosis correlates with disease activity, disability, depression, and fatigue.
Topics: Adult; Aging; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Creatine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depre | 2017 |
An antidepressant behaviour in mice carrying a gene-specific InsP3R1, InsP3R2 and InsP3R3 protein knockdown.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Blotting, Western; Brain Chemistry; Depression; Gene Knockdown Techniques | 2008 |
[Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the thalamus and hypothalamus in patients with first-episode depression].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Creatine; Depression; Female; Humans; Hypothalamus | 2009 |
Glutamate level detection by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with post-stroke depression.
Topics: Aged; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Mapping; Creatine; Depression; Female; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Inos | 2012 |
Quantification of metabolic differences in the frontal brain of depressive patients and controls obtained by 1H-MRS at 3 Tesla.
Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Creatine; Depression; Fe | 2003 |
[On the treatment of depressive states in aged persons].
Topics: Dementia; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Inositol; Pentylenetetrazole; Psychotic Disorders | 1963 |
The effect of peripheral inositol injection on rat motor activity models of depression.
Topics: Amphetamine; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Apomorphine; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Sy | 1993 |
Inositol reduces depressive-like behaviors in two different animal models of depression.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Behavior, Animal; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluatio | 1999 |
Increased orbitofrontal cortex levels of choline in depressed adolescents as detected by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adolescent; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Creatine; Cytosol; Depression; Female; Fro | 2000 |
The antidepressant activity of inositol in the forced swim test involves 5-HT(2) receptors.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Benzylamines; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Interactions; | 2001 |
An exploratory approach to the serotonergic hypothesis of depression: bridging the synaptic gap.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Depression; Humans; Inositol; Second Messenger Syst | 2001 |
Chronic inositol treatment reduces depression-like immobility of Flinders Sensitive Line rats in the forced swim test.
Topics: Animals; Depression; Drug Administration Schedule; Hypokinesia; Inositol; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague- | 2002 |
Reduced myo-inositol levels in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with affective disorder.
Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Depression; Fructose; Glucose; Humans; Inositol; Probenecid | 1978 |
Gas chromatography measurement of myo-inositol in human blood, cerebrospinal fluid and seminal fluid.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Creatine Kinase; D | 1973 |