inosinic-acid and Dementia

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disorder involving the exocrine glands, which affects 1.9-3.0% of the elderly population. Approximately 20% of all patients with SS have CNS involvement, including dementia, as a result of angiitis.. The aim of the study was to clarify the prevalence and impact of SS among patients in a memory clinic.. This study prospectively recruited patients with cognitive dysfunction in a memory clinic from 2007 to 2010. In addition to the examinations for dementia, the patients' levels of anti-SSA and SSB antibodies were measured. Schirmer's test and/or a lip biopsy were added if required. SS was diagnosed based on the American European consensus criteria.. Out of 276 cases who completed the examinations, 265 (97/168 males/females, mean age: 77.9, median MMSE score: 23) did not demonstrated cognitive decline. Sixteen (6.3%) and seven (2.7%) patients were positive for anti-SS-A and SS-B antibodies, respectively. Twenty patients (7.5%) were diagnosed with primary SS (mean age: 77.2 years old, median MMSE: 21). Seven of these patients had previously been diagnosed with MCI (VCIND: 5, aMCI: 2), and 13 had been diagnosed with dementia. All had asymmetrical focal hypoperfusion on SPECT, and eighteen had subcortical lesions on MRI. Twelve were treated for dementia (median time: 2.1 years), and their MMSE significantly improved (median MMSE: 26, p=0.0019), while the non-SS subjects' MMSE declined (n=126, median: 22).. The patients with SS accounted for 7.5% of those with a cognitive decline as determined at a memory clinic, and are characterized by subcortical white matter lesions and asymmetric hypoperfusion.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chi-Square Distribution; Dementia; Female; Humans; Inosine Monophosphate; Iodine Isotopes; Longitudinal Studies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Memory Disorders; Mental Status Schedule; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Sjogren's Syndrome; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

Nature of the dementing process in Parkinson's disease, and particularly its relationship with Alzheimer's disease, diffuse Lewy body disease or frontal dementia remains controversial.. We hypothesize that origins of dementia in Parkinson's disease are heterogeneous, so we compared cortical regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) between Parkinson's disease patients with and without dementia.. Forty consecutive patients with Hoehn-Yahr stage III or IV Parkinson's disease were used (13 patients had dementia (PDD group), and 27 patients had no dementia (PDND group)).. There were significant rCBF reductions in the left parietal association cortex and left frontal association cortex in PDD. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that only rCBF of the left frontal association cortex was significant. PDD patients were divided into three groups according to rCBF patterns: frontal hypoperfusion group, Alzheimer's disease-like group, and diffuse Lewy body disease-like group.. Controversial study results involving PDD patients may be mainly due to heterogeneity in dementing processes in Parkinson's disease.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cerebral Cortex; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Dementia; Female; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Inosine Monophosphate; Male; Mental Status Schedule; Parkinson Disease; Severity of Illness Index; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon