inosine-pranobex and Bacterial-Infections

Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aging; Antibody Formation; B-Lymphocytes; Bacterial Infections; Disease Susceptibility; Female; Hormones; Humans; Immunity; Immunity, Cellular; Immunoglobulin G; Inosine Pranobex; T-Lymphocytes

The remarkable progress achieved in control of infections in burned patients has significantly increased survival rates. Nevertheless, septic complications are still the leading cause of death in these patients. The immunologic disturbances present after severe burns certainly play a key role in susceptibility to infection, and in particular the impairments of the phagocytic system warrant major investigative efforts in order to increase host defenses. Determination of phagocytic and microbicidal capacity of neutrophils from burned patients evidenced a marked functional impairment of these cells. The alterations recorded were partly due to intrinsic (cellular) defects, and partly to extrinsic (serum) defects. Indeed, opsonic factors are known to be reduced in these patients, but also phagocytosis-inhibiting factors such as immunocomplexes have been detected in the patients we have studied. Administration of the immunomodulating agents methysoprinol and timostimoline were found to be effective in partially restoring neutrophil function. Rational immunotherapy in burned patients will consist of replacement of humoral mediators, clearance of inhibitory factors and stimulation of the cellular effectors of immunity.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Burns; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Fibronectins; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Inosine; Inosine Pranobex; Lymphocytes; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Phagocytosis; Thymus Extracts; Time Factors

The authors used in children in with recurrent respiratory infections in 28 cases isoprenosine, in 30 climatic therapy and in 15 isoprenosine followed by climatic therapy. Isoprenosine was used in a dose 50 mg per kg b.w. for two weeks, followed by 10 days of an interruption, after which isoprenosine was gain given for ten days. Climatic therapy was carried out for six weeks. Thirty healthy children of the same age made up the control. Good or excellent results were seen in 19 out of 28 children treated with isoprenosine, in 16 out of 30 that underwent climatic therapy, and 11 out of 15 in which both modes were used. The authors discuss their own experience in treating children with recurrent respiratory infections suggesting that this model for treating sick cases be used, observing good results in two thirds.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adolescent; Bacterial Infections; Bronchitis; Child; Child, Preschool; Climate; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Health Resorts; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Inosine; Inosine Pranobex; Male; Pneumonia; Poland; Recurrence; Tonsillitis

Therapeutic agents capable of stimulating immune responses could be of great value in the prophylaxis and treatment of infectious diseases. Three classes of compounds, each representing a separate approach to the goal of immune stimulation, are discussed with respect to recent experimental and clinical findings. The action of microbial structures and their derivatives can be understood on the basis of "acquired cellular immunity", a phenomenon first described in connection with infections by mycobacteria and other intracellular organisms. In contrast, there is hardly a common denominator for synthetic compounds which are currently used as immune-stimulatory agents. Substances which influence purine metabolism in lymphocytes on the one hand and histamine H2 blockers such as cimetidine on the other hand seem to represent the most promising developments in this field to date. Products of immune cells such as transfer factor and lymphokines form the third and possibly most important group of immune-stimulating agents. Current experimental and clinical trends in this field are briefly described. It is suggested that the delineation of the mechanism of action of lymphokines will open the door to the identification or synthesis of artificial agonists and antagonists as has been the case in the pharmacology of the endocrine and nervous systems.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cimetidine; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunocompetence; Inosine Pranobex; Levamisole; Lymphokines; Transfer Factor

The influence of ISO, the antiviral drug of immunomodulating activity, on the course of experimental influenza infections and mixed, viral-bacterial infections was studied. Spleen leukocytes migration inhibition test, performed in vitro in the presence of specific antigens stimulating influence of the drug administered to the infected animals was observed.

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Infections; Immunity, Cellular; Influenza A virus; Inosine; Inosine Pranobex; Leukocyte Migration-Inhibitory Factors; Leukocytes; Lymphokines; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Orthomyxoviridae Infections; Spleen; Staphylococcus aureus; Time Factors

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Antiviral Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Bacterial Infections; Glucans; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Immune System Diseases; Inosine; Inosine Pranobex; Levamisole; Lymphocyte Activation; Mycoses; Phagocytosis; Rosette Formation; T-Lymphocytes; Thymus Hormones; Tilorone; Transfer Factor; Virus Diseases