indigo-carmine and Obesity

COVID-19 as a viral disease has brought up the need to exercise more than before due to its physiological effects on health. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of 12-week of aerobic exercise on female students' hormone levels and lipid profile with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) during the COVID-19 pandemic.. Using a 12-week quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest research design among 40 Iranian female students aged 18-14 with PCOS, we randomly allocated the participants to either an experimental (they performed aerobic exercises three 60-minute sessions per week at home using content production) or a control condition. Their anthropometric and blood samples (e.g., testosterone, estrogen, prolactin, and lipid profile) were taken in two stages before and after the training protocol.. Findings demonstrated that performing aerobic exercises is an effective and non-invasive method that could have a positive effect on young girls' PCOS during COVID-19 pandemic.. La pandémie de COVID-19, en tant que maladie virale, a fait ressortir la nécessité de faire de l’exercice plus que jamais en raison de ses effets physiologiques sur la santé. Par conséquent, cette étude examine l’effet de 12 semaines d’exercice aérobique sur les niveaux hormonaux et le profil lipidique d’étudiantes atteintes du syndrome d’ovaires polykystiques (SOPK) pendant la pandémie de COVID-19.. En utilisant un modèle de recherche quasi-expérimental de 12 semaines avec pré-test, post-test auprès de 40 étudiantes iraniennes âgées de 18 à 14 ans atteintes du SOPK, nous avons réparti au hasard les participantes entre une série expérimentale (elles ont effectué des exercices aérobiques à raison de trois séances de 60 minutes par semaine à la maison) et une série contrôle. Les échantillons anthropométriques et sanguins (testostérone, œstrogène, prolactine et profil lipidique) ont été prélevés en deux étapes, avant et après le protocole d’entraînement.. Les résultats ont démontré que la pratique d’exercices d’aérobic est une méthode efficace et non invasive qui pourrait avoir un effet positif sur le SOPK des jeunes filles pendant la pandémie de COVID-19.. Our research showed that even less than 5 GBq irradiation could induce a transient testicular dysfunction in the first 3 months of therapy, but it was mostly reversible after 12 months.. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13204-023-02822-5.. Embelin is predicted to have a high probability of immunotoxicity potential and affect drug metabolism by inhibiting CYP2D6. In addition, it affects food intake, weight gain, and the number of implantations in pregnant rats. Therefore, it is highly recommended not to take embelin and embelin-rich plants during pregnancy. Further. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42965-023-00306-9.. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11696-023-02771-x.. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00477-023-02476-3.. This study ascribes for a new immunomodulatory role for IL11 during tumor development that is amenable to anti-cytokine based therapy of colon cancer.. Inflammation response do not seem to be enough to explain all the Essure-related adverse outcomes, suggesting the involvement of other biological mechanisms.. NCT03281564.. Inflammation and fibrosis are found in the surrounding tubal tissue around the Essure. Adult patients with BED with co-occurring obesity who have good responses to acute treatment with naltrexone/bupropion should be offered maintenance treatment with naltrexone/bupropion.. dp/dtmax in PiCCO parameter can be used as a bedside indicator to evaluate cardiac function in SIC patients due to its simplicity and ease of operation. Esmolol control of heart rate in SIC patients can improve cardiac function and reduce short-term mortality.. Inverted microscopy showed that compared with the NC group, the OGD/R group had poor cell status, swollen cytosol, visible cell lysis fragments and significantly lower cell activity [(49.1±2.7)% vs. (100.0±9.7)%, P < 0.01]; compared with the OGD/R group, the HW group had improved cell status and remarkably higher cell activity [(63.3±1.8)% vs. (49.1±2.7)%, P < 0.01]. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the neuronal nuclear membrane of cells in the OGD/R group was lysed and a higher number of autophagic lysosomes were visible compared with the NC group; compared with the OGD/R group, the neuronal damage of cells in the HW group was reduced and the number of autophagic lysosomes was notably decreased. The results of immunofluorescence assay showed that the expressions of LC3 and Beclin-1 were outstandingly enhanced in the OGD/R group compared with the NC group, and the expressions of LC3 and Beclin-1 were markedly weakened in the HW group compared with the OGD/R group. Western blotting assay showed that the expressions were prominently higher in both LC3II/I and Beclin-1 in the OGD/R group compared with the NC group (LC3II/I: 1.44±0.05 vs. 0.37±0.03, Beclin-1/β-actin: 1.00±0.02 vs. 0.64±0.01, both P < 0.01); compared with the OGD/R group, the protein expression of both LC3II/I and Beclin-1 in the HW group cells were notably lower (LC3II/I: 0.54±0.02 vs. 1.44±0.05, Beclin-1/β-actin: 0.83±0.07 vs. 1.00±0.02, both P < 0.01).. Hydrogen-rich water has a significant protective effect on OGD/R-causing HT22 cell injury, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of autophagy.. The prevalence of delirium in ICU patients is over 50%, with hypoactive delirium being the most common. Age, APACHE score at ICU admission, neurological disease, sepsis and duration of mechanical ventilation were all independent risk factors for the development of delirium in ICU patients. More than half of patients with delirium were still delirious when they discharged from the ICU.. For individuals ≥75 years, plasma Aβ42 and P-tau181 might not be associated with cognitive impairment, and MRI parameters, including PVWMH, LVBI and cortical atrophy, are related to CI. The cognitive statuses of people over 75 years old were used as the endpoint event in this study. Therefore, it can be considered that these MRI markers might have more important clinical significance for early assessment and dynamic observation, but more studies are still needed to verify this hypothesis.. We recommend using the Art/Zn complex owing to its moderate inhibitory and antiviral effects against the SARS-CoV-2 with a low cytotoxic effect on host (Vero E6) cells. We suggest conducting further prospective studies to investigate the biological effects of Art/Zn in animal models at different concentrations for testing its clinical efficacy and safety in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 activities.. The R/T sequence resulted in a significantly longer OS and PFS and improved disease control compared with the reverse sequence. R and T given not sequentially have similar impacts on survival. More data are needed to define the best sequence and to explore the efficacy of sequential (T/R or R/T) treatment combined with molecular-targeted drugs.

Topics: Actin Cytoskeleton; Actins; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Adenocarcinoma; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adsorption; Adult; Africa, Eastern; Aged; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Air Pollution, Indoor; Alcohol Drinking; Allergens; Alzheimer Disease; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies; Antibodies, Immobilized; Antigen Presentation; Antigens, CD; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Aptamers, Nucleotide; Asthma; Asthma, Exercise-Induced; Atrophy; Autophagy; Azoospermia; Bacillus cereus; Bacterial Infections; Beclin-1; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Biofouling; Biological Monitoring; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biosensing Techniques; Blastocyst; Bone Neoplasms; Bone Regeneration; Bronchoconstriction; Burkitt Lymphoma; C9orf72 Protein; Campylobacter; Campylobacter Infections; Campylobacter jejuni; Carcinogenesis; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cardiomyopathies; Caregivers; Carmine; Case-Control Studies; Catalysis; Cattle; Cause of Death; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cefepime; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Nucleus; Cell Transdifferentiation; Chelating Agents; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic; Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant; Child; Child, Preschool; China; Chlorquinaldol; Cholangiocarcinoma; Cholera; Chromatin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cohort Studies; Colonic Neoplasms; Colorectal Neoplasms; Colorimetry; Cooking; Coordination Complexes; COVID-19; Creatinine; CRISPR-Cas Systems; Critical Care; Critical Illness; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cryopreservation; Cryoprotective Agents; Cysteine; Cytokines; Device Removal; Diet; Diet, High-Fat; Diet, Mediterranean; Dietary Supplements; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Dipeptides; Disease Models, Animal; Dithiothreitol; DNA; DNA Repeat Expansion; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Complementary; Dopamine; Electrochemical Techniques; Electrodes; Endocannabinoids; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Erlotinib Hydrochloride; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli O157; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagitis, Peptic; Ethylene Glycol; Europium; Exanthema; Fallopian Tubes; Feces; Female; Fertilization in Vitro; Fluoresceins; Fluorescent Dyes; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Follow-Up Studies; Food Microbiology; Forced Expiratory Volume; Forkhead Transcription Factors; Frontotemporal Dementia; G-Quadruplexes; Galactose; Gastroenteritis; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Gastrointestinal Tract; Gene Frequency; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genital Neoplasms, Female; Genome-Wide Association Study; Genome, Viral; Genomics; Genotype; Glucose; Glutathione; Glycerol; Gold; Graphite; GTPase-Activating Proteins; Heat-Shock Proteins; Heme Oxygenase-1; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C; Hepatocytes; Histamine; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; Hoarseness; Hospice and Palliative Care Nursing; Humans; Hydrogen; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogen Sulfide; Hydroxybenzoates; Hydroxyl Radical; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Hyperthermia, Induced; Hysteroscopy; Immunoassay; Indigo Carmine; Inflammation; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Insulin Resistance; Intensive Care Units; Interleukin-11; Interleukin-6; Interleukins; Iodine Radioisotopes; Iran; Iridium; Islets of Langerhans; Kinetics; Lactation; Lactobacillus; Lactobacillus plantarum; Lamins; Latin America; Lead; Lectins; Leukopenia; Ligands; Limit of Detection; Lipopolysaccharides; Lipoprotein Lipase; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Neoplasms; Lolium; Luminescent Measurements; Luminol; Lung; Luteinizing Hormone; Macrophages; Magnetic Phenomena; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Malnutrition; Maltose; Manganese Compounds; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Melatonin; Metabolic Engineering; Metal Nanoparticles; Metallocenes; Metaplasia; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Methylation; Mevalonic Acid; Mexico; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbiota; MicroRNAs; Milk; Mitomycin; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Molecular Docking Simulation; Monte Carlo Method; Moringa oleifera; Multiple Sclerosis; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Nanocomposites; Nanotubes, Carbon; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Neoplasms; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neurotransmitter Agents; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Nickel; Nitrogen Dioxide; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Nucleocapsid Proteins; Nutritional Status; Obesity; Osteogenesis; Osteosarcoma; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxides; Oxygen; Oxyquinoline; Pain; Palliative Care; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pandemics; Particulate Matter; Peroxidase; Peroxidases; Phagocytosis; Phaseolus; Photothermal Therapy; Point-of-Care Systems; Polyethyleneimine; Polymers; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Polysomnography; Postoperative Complications; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Prevalence; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Probability; Probiotics; Prognosis; Prophages; Prospective Studies; Proteomics; Proto-Oncogene Proteins; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas putida; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Pulmonary Embolism; Pyridines; Pyrroles; Quality of Life; Quinolones; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Receptors, Histamine; Receptors, Histamine H2; Recombinases; Rectal Neoplasms; Reperfusion Injury; Respiration; Respiratory Function Tests; Respiratory Rate; Respiratory Sounds; Retrospective Studies; rho GTP-Binding Proteins; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; RNA; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Running; Rural Population; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Salpingectomy; Sarcopenia; SARS-CoV-2; Seeds; Semen; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sepsis; Shock, Septic; Signal Transduction; Silicon Dioxide; Silver; Sirtuin 1; Skin Neoplasms; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Soil; Spain; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Sperm Retrieval; Spermatozoa; Spirometry; Staphylococcus aureus; STAT3 Transcription Factor; Stereoisomerism; Sterilization, Tubal; Stroke Volume; Sulfadiazine; Sulfites; Superoxide Dismutase; Surface Plasmon Resonance; tau Proteins; Testis; Testosterone; Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroidectomy; Trans-Activators; Transcription Factor AP-1; Treatment Outcome; Triazoles; Triclosan; Trifluridine; Tumor Microenvironment; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; United States; Uracil; Vagina; Vegetables; Ventricular Function, Left; Ventricular Pressure; Vibrio cholerae; Vietnam; Virulence; Vital Capacity; Vitrification; Walking; Water; Water Pollutants, Radioactive; Whole Genome Sequencing; Wind; YAP-Signaling Proteins; Zeolites; Zinc Oxide

COVID-19 as a viral disease has brought up the need to exercise more than before due to its physiological effects on health. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of 12-week of aerobic exercise on female students' hormone levels and lipid profile with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) during the COVID-19 pandemic.. Using a 12-week quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest research design among 40 Iranian female students aged 18-14 with PCOS, we randomly allocated the participants to either an experimental (they performed aerobic exercises three 60-minute sessions per week at home using content production) or a control condition. Their anthropometric and blood samples (e.g., testosterone, estrogen, prolactin, and lipid profile) were taken in two stages before and after the training protocol.. Findings demonstrated that performing aerobic exercises is an effective and non-invasive method that could have a positive effect on young girls' PCOS during COVID-19 pandemic.. La pandémie de COVID-19, en tant que maladie virale, a fait ressortir la nécessité de faire de l’exercice plus que jamais en raison de ses effets physiologiques sur la santé. Par conséquent, cette étude examine l’effet de 12 semaines d’exercice aérobique sur les niveaux hormonaux et le profil lipidique d’étudiantes atteintes du syndrome d’ovaires polykystiques (SOPK) pendant la pandémie de COVID-19.. En utilisant un modèle de recherche quasi-expérimental de 12 semaines avec pré-test, post-test auprès de 40 étudiantes iraniennes âgées de 18 à 14 ans atteintes du SOPK, nous avons réparti au hasard les participantes entre une série expérimentale (elles ont effectué des exercices aérobiques à raison de trois séances de 60 minutes par semaine à la maison) et une série contrôle. Les échantillons anthropométriques et sanguins (testostérone, œstrogène, prolactine et profil lipidique) ont été prélevés en deux étapes, avant et après le protocole d’entraînement.. Les résultats ont démontré que la pratique d’exercices d’aérobic est une méthode efficace et non invasive qui pourrait avoir un effet positif sur le SOPK des jeunes filles pendant la pandémie de COVID-19.. Our research showed that even less than 5 GBq irradiation could induce a transient testicular dysfunction in the first 3 months of therapy, but it was mostly reversible after 12 months.. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13204-023-02822-5.. Embelin is predicted to have a high probability of immunotoxicity potential and affect drug metabolism by inhibiting CYP2D6. In addition, it affects food intake, weight gain, and the number of implantations in pregnant rats. Therefore, it is highly recommended not to take embelin and embelin-rich plants during pregnancy. Further. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42965-023-00306-9.. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11696-023-02771-x.. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00477-023-02476-3.. This study ascribes for a new immunomodulatory role for IL11 during tumor development that is amenable to anti-cytokine based therapy of colon cancer.. Inflammation response do not seem to be enough to explain all the Essure-related adverse outcomes, suggesting the involvement of other biological mechanisms.. NCT03281564.. Inflammation and fibrosis are found in the surrounding tubal tissue around the Essure. Adult patients with BED with co-occurring obesity who have good responses to acute treatment with naltrexone/bupropion should be offered maintenance treatment with naltrexone/bupropion.. dp/dtmax in PiCCO parameter can be used as a bedside indicator to evaluate cardiac function in SIC patients due to its simplicity and ease of operation. Esmolol control of heart rate in SIC patients can improve cardiac function and reduce short-term mortality.. Inverted microscopy showed that compared with the NC group, the OGD/R group had poor cell status, swollen cytosol, visible cell lysis fragments and significantly lower cell activity [(49.1±2.7)% vs. (100.0±9.7)%, P < 0.01]; compared with the OGD/R group, the HW group had improved cell status and remarkably higher cell activity [(63.3±1.8)% vs. (49.1±2.7)%, P < 0.01]. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the neuronal nuclear membrane of cells in the OGD/R group was lysed and a higher number of autophagic lysosomes were visible compared with the NC group; compared with the OGD/R group, the neuronal damage of cells in the HW group was reduced and the number of autophagic lysosomes was notably decreased. The results of immunofluorescence assay showed that the expressions of LC3 and Beclin-1 were outstandingly enhanced in the OGD/R group compared with the NC group, and the expressions of LC3 and Beclin-1 were markedly weakened in the HW group compared with the OGD/R group. Western blotting assay showed that the expressions were prominently higher in both LC3II/I and Beclin-1 in the OGD/R group compared with the NC group (LC3II/I: 1.44±0.05 vs. 0.37±0.03, Beclin-1/β-actin: 1.00±0.02 vs. 0.64±0.01, both P < 0.01); compared with the OGD/R group, the protein expression of both LC3II/I and Beclin-1 in the HW group cells were notably lower (LC3II/I: 0.54±0.02 vs. 1.44±0.05, Beclin-1/β-actin: 0.83±0.07 vs. 1.00±0.02, both P < 0.01).. Hydrogen-rich water has a significant protective effect on OGD/R-causing HT22 cell injury, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of autophagy.. The prevalence of delirium in ICU patients is over 50%, with hypoactive delirium being the most common. Age, APACHE score at ICU admission, neurological disease, sepsis and duration of mechanical ventilation were all independent risk factors for the development of delirium in ICU patients. More than half of patients with delirium were still delirious when they discharged from the ICU.. For individuals ≥75 years, plasma Aβ42 and P-tau181 might not be associated with cognitive impairment, and MRI parameters, including PVWMH, LVBI and cortical atrophy, are related to CI. The cognitive statuses of people over 75 years old were used as the endpoint event in this study. Therefore, it can be considered that these MRI markers might have more important clinical significance for early assessment and dynamic observation, but more studies are still needed to verify this hypothesis.. We recommend using the Art/Zn complex owing to its moderate inhibitory and antiviral effects against the SARS-CoV-2 with a low cytotoxic effect on host (Vero E6) cells. We suggest conducting further prospective studies to investigate the biological effects of Art/Zn in animal models at different concentrations for testing its clinical efficacy and safety in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 activities.. The R/T sequence resulted in a significantly longer OS and PFS and improved disease control compared with the reverse sequence. R and T given not sequentially have similar impacts on survival. More data are needed to define the best sequence and to explore the efficacy of sequential (T/R or R/T) treatment combined with molecular-targeted drugs.

Topics: Actin Cytoskeleton; Actins; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Adenocarcinoma; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adsorption; Adult; Africa, Eastern; Aged; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Air Pollution, Indoor; Alcohol Drinking; Allergens; Alzheimer Disease; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies; Antibodies, Immobilized; Antigen Presentation; Antigens, CD; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Aptamers, Nucleotide; Asthma; Asthma, Exercise-Induced; Atrophy; Autophagy; Azoospermia; Bacillus cereus; Bacterial Infections; Beclin-1; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Biofouling; Biological Monitoring; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biosensing Techniques; Blastocyst; Bone Neoplasms; Bone Regeneration; Bronchoconstriction; Burkitt Lymphoma; C9orf72 Protein; Campylobacter; Campylobacter Infections; Campylobacter jejuni; Carcinogenesis; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cardiomyopathies; Caregivers; Carmine; Case-Control Studies; Catalysis; Cattle; Cause of Death; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cefepime; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Nucleus; Cell Transdifferentiation; Chelating Agents; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic; Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant; Child; Child, Preschool; China; Chlorquinaldol; Cholangiocarcinoma; Cholera; Chromatin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cohort Studies; Colonic Neoplasms; Colorectal Neoplasms; Colorimetry; Cooking; Coordination Complexes; COVID-19; Creatinine; CRISPR-Cas Systems; Critical Care; Critical Illness; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cryopreservation; Cryoprotective Agents; Cysteine; Cytokines; Device Removal; Diet; Diet, High-Fat; Diet, Mediterranean; Dietary Supplements; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Dipeptides; Disease Models, Animal; Dithiothreitol; DNA; DNA Repeat Expansion; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Complementary; Dopamine; Electrochemical Techniques; Electrodes; Endocannabinoids; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Erlotinib Hydrochloride; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli O157; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagitis, Peptic; Ethylene Glycol; Europium; Exanthema; Fallopian Tubes; Feces; Female; Fertilization in Vitro; Fluoresceins; Fluorescent Dyes; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Follow-Up Studies; Food Microbiology; Forced Expiratory Volume; Forkhead Transcription Factors; Frontotemporal Dementia; G-Quadruplexes; Galactose; Gastroenteritis; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Gastrointestinal Tract; Gene Frequency; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genital Neoplasms, Female; Genome-Wide Association Study; Genome, Viral; Genomics; Genotype; Glucose; Glutathione; Glycerol; Gold; Graphite; GTPase-Activating Proteins; Heat-Shock Proteins; Heme Oxygenase-1; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C; Hepatocytes; Histamine; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; Hoarseness; Hospice and Palliative Care Nursing; Humans; Hydrogen; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogen Sulfide; Hydroxybenzoates; Hydroxyl Radical; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Hyperthermia, Induced; Hysteroscopy; Immunoassay; Indigo Carmine; Inflammation; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Insulin Resistance; Intensive Care Units; Interleukin-11; Interleukin-6; Interleukins; Iodine Radioisotopes; Iran; Iridium; Islets of Langerhans; Kinetics; Lactation; Lactobacillus; Lactobacillus plantarum; Lamins; Latin America; Lead; Lectins; Leukopenia; Ligands; Limit of Detection; Lipopolysaccharides; Lipoprotein Lipase; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Neoplasms; Lolium; Luminescent Measurements; Luminol; Lung; Luteinizing Hormone; Macrophages; Magnetic Phenomena; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Malnutrition; Maltose; Manganese Compounds; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Melatonin; Metabolic Engineering; Metal Nanoparticles; Metallocenes; Metaplasia; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Methylation; Mevalonic Acid; Mexico; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbiota; MicroRNAs; Milk; Mitomycin; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Molecular Docking Simulation; Monte Carlo Method; Moringa oleifera; Multiple Sclerosis; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Nanocomposites; Nanotubes, Carbon; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Neoplasms; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neurotransmitter Agents; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Nickel; Nitrogen Dioxide; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Nucleocapsid Proteins; Nutritional Status; Obesity; Osteogenesis; Osteosarcoma; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxides; Oxygen; Oxyquinoline; Pain; Palliative Care; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pandemics; Particulate Matter; Peroxidase; Peroxidases; Phagocytosis; Phaseolus; Photothermal Therapy; Point-of-Care Systems; Polyethyleneimine; Polymers; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Polysomnography; Postoperative Complications; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Prevalence; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Probability; Probiotics; Prognosis; Prophages; Prospective Studies; Proteomics; Proto-Oncogene Proteins; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas putida; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Pulmonary Embolism; Pyridines; Pyrroles; Quality of Life; Quinolones; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Receptors, Histamine; Receptors, Histamine H2; Recombinases; Rectal Neoplasms; Reperfusion Injury; Respiration; Respiratory Function Tests; Respiratory Rate; Respiratory Sounds; Retrospective Studies; rho GTP-Binding Proteins; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; RNA; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Running; Rural Population; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Salpingectomy; Sarcopenia; SARS-CoV-2; Seeds; Semen; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sepsis; Shock, Septic; Signal Transduction; Silicon Dioxide; Silver; Sirtuin 1; Skin Neoplasms; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Soil; Spain; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Sperm Retrieval; Spermatozoa; Spirometry; Staphylococcus aureus; STAT3 Transcription Factor; Stereoisomerism; Sterilization, Tubal; Stroke Volume; Sulfadiazine; Sulfites; Superoxide Dismutase; Surface Plasmon Resonance; tau Proteins; Testis; Testosterone; Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroidectomy; Trans-Activators; Transcription Factor AP-1; Treatment Outcome; Triazoles; Triclosan; Trifluridine; Tumor Microenvironment; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; United States; Uracil; Vagina; Vegetables; Ventricular Function, Left; Ventricular Pressure; Vibrio cholerae; Vietnam; Virulence; Vital Capacity; Vitrification; Walking; Water; Water Pollutants, Radioactive; Whole Genome Sequencing; Wind; YAP-Signaling Proteins; Zeolites; Zinc Oxide

Low-grade chronic inflammation in visceral adipose tissue and the intestines are important drivers of obesity associated insulin resistance. Bioactive compounds derived from plants are an important source of potential novel therapies for the treatment of chronic diseases. In search for new immune based treatments of obesity associated insulin resistance, we screened for tissue relevant anti-inflammatory properties in 20 plant-based extracts.. We screened 20 plant-based extracts to assess for preferential production of IL-10 compared to TNFα, specifically targetting metabolic tissues, including the visceral adipose tissue. We assessed the therapeutic potential of the strongest anti-inflammatory compound, indigo, in the C57BL/6J diet-induced obesity mouse model with supplementation for up to 16 weeks by measuring changes in body weight, glucose and insulin tolerance, and gut barrier function. We also utilized flow cytometry, quantitative PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and histology to measure changes to immune cells populations and cytokine profiles in the intestine, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and liver. 16SrRNA sequencing was performed to examine gut microbial differences induced by indigo supplementation.. We identifed indigo, an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand agonist, as a potent inducer of IL-10 and IL-22, which protects against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance and fatty liver disease in the diet-induced obesity model. Therapeutic actions were mechanistically linked to decreased inflammatory immune cell tone in the intestine, VAT and liver. Specifically, indigo increased Lactobacillus bacteria and elicited IL-22 production in the gut, which improved intestinal barrier permeability and reduced endotoxemia. These changes were associated with increased IL-10 production by immune cells residing in liver and VAT.. Indigo is a naturally occurring AhR ligand with anti-inflammatory properties that effectively protects against HFD-induced glucose dysregulation. Compounds derived from indigo or those with similar properties could represent novel therapies for diseases associated with obesity-related metabolic tissue inflammation.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cytokines; Diet, High-Fat; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Indigo Carmine; Inflammation; Insulin Resistance; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Obesity; Plant Extracts; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon