indigo-carmine and Colonic-Neoplasms

COVID-19 as a viral disease has brought up the need to exercise more than before due to its physiological effects on health. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of 12-week of aerobic exercise on female students' hormone levels and lipid profile with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) during the COVID-19 pandemic.. Using a 12-week quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest research design among 40 Iranian female students aged 18-14 with PCOS, we randomly allocated the participants to either an experimental (they performed aerobic exercises three 60-minute sessions per week at home using content production) or a control condition. Their anthropometric and blood samples (e.g., testosterone, estrogen, prolactin, and lipid profile) were taken in two stages before and after the training protocol.. Findings demonstrated that performing aerobic exercises is an effective and non-invasive method that could have a positive effect on young girls' PCOS during COVID-19 pandemic.. La pandémie de COVID-19, en tant que maladie virale, a fait ressortir la nécessité de faire de l’exercice plus que jamais en raison de ses effets physiologiques sur la santé. Par conséquent, cette étude examine l’effet de 12 semaines d’exercice aérobique sur les niveaux hormonaux et le profil lipidique d’étudiantes atteintes du syndrome d’ovaires polykystiques (SOPK) pendant la pandémie de COVID-19.. En utilisant un modèle de recherche quasi-expérimental de 12 semaines avec pré-test, post-test auprès de 40 étudiantes iraniennes âgées de 18 à 14 ans atteintes du SOPK, nous avons réparti au hasard les participantes entre une série expérimentale (elles ont effectué des exercices aérobiques à raison de trois séances de 60 minutes par semaine à la maison) et une série contrôle. Les échantillons anthropométriques et sanguins (testostérone, œstrogène, prolactine et profil lipidique) ont été prélevés en deux étapes, avant et après le protocole d’entraînement.. Les résultats ont démontré que la pratique d’exercices d’aérobic est une méthode efficace et non invasive qui pourrait avoir un effet positif sur le SOPK des jeunes filles pendant la pandémie de COVID-19.. Our research showed that even less than 5 GBq irradiation could induce a transient testicular dysfunction in the first 3 months of therapy, but it was mostly reversible after 12 months.. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13204-023-02822-5.. Embelin is predicted to have a high probability of immunotoxicity potential and affect drug metabolism by inhibiting CYP2D6. In addition, it affects food intake, weight gain, and the number of implantations in pregnant rats. Therefore, it is highly recommended not to take embelin and embelin-rich plants during pregnancy. Further. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42965-023-00306-9.. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11696-023-02771-x.. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00477-023-02476-3.. This study ascribes for a new immunomodulatory role for IL11 during tumor development that is amenable to anti-cytokine based therapy of colon cancer.. Inflammation response do not seem to be enough to explain all the Essure-related adverse outcomes, suggesting the involvement of other biological mechanisms.. NCT03281564.. Inflammation and fibrosis are found in the surrounding tubal tissue around the Essure. Adult patients with BED with co-occurring obesity who have good responses to acute treatment with naltrexone/bupropion should be offered maintenance treatment with naltrexone/bupropion.. dp/dtmax in PiCCO parameter can be used as a bedside indicator to evaluate cardiac function in SIC patients due to its simplicity and ease of operation. Esmolol control of heart rate in SIC patients can improve cardiac function and reduce short-term mortality.. Inverted microscopy showed that compared with the NC group, the OGD/R group had poor cell status, swollen cytosol, visible cell lysis fragments and significantly lower cell activity [(49.1±2.7)% vs. (100.0±9.7)%, P < 0.01]; compared with the OGD/R group, the HW group had improved cell status and remarkably higher cell activity [(63.3±1.8)% vs. (49.1±2.7)%, P < 0.01]. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the neuronal nuclear membrane of cells in the OGD/R group was lysed and a higher number of autophagic lysosomes were visible compared with the NC group; compared with the OGD/R group, the neuronal damage of cells in the HW group was reduced and the number of autophagic lysosomes was notably decreased. The results of immunofluorescence assay showed that the expressions of LC3 and Beclin-1 were outstandingly enhanced in the OGD/R group compared with the NC group, and the expressions of LC3 and Beclin-1 were markedly weakened in the HW group compared with the OGD/R group. Western blotting assay showed that the expressions were prominently higher in both LC3II/I and Beclin-1 in the OGD/R group compared with the NC group (LC3II/I: 1.44±0.05 vs. 0.37±0.03, Beclin-1/β-actin: 1.00±0.02 vs. 0.64±0.01, both P < 0.01); compared with the OGD/R group, the protein expression of both LC3II/I and Beclin-1 in the HW group cells were notably lower (LC3II/I: 0.54±0.02 vs. 1.44±0.05, Beclin-1/β-actin: 0.83±0.07 vs. 1.00±0.02, both P < 0.01).. Hydrogen-rich water has a significant protective effect on OGD/R-causing HT22 cell injury, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of autophagy.. The prevalence of delirium in ICU patients is over 50%, with hypoactive delirium being the most common. Age, APACHE score at ICU admission, neurological disease, sepsis and duration of mechanical ventilation were all independent risk factors for the development of delirium in ICU patients. More than half of patients with delirium were still delirious when they discharged from the ICU.. For individuals ≥75 years, plasma Aβ42 and P-tau181 might not be associated with cognitive impairment, and MRI parameters, including PVWMH, LVBI and cortical atrophy, are related to CI. The cognitive statuses of people over 75 years old were used as the endpoint event in this study. Therefore, it can be considered that these MRI markers might have more important clinical significance for early assessment and dynamic observation, but more studies are still needed to verify this hypothesis.. We recommend using the Art/Zn complex owing to its moderate inhibitory and antiviral effects against the SARS-CoV-2 with a low cytotoxic effect on host (Vero E6) cells. We suggest conducting further prospective studies to investigate the biological effects of Art/Zn in animal models at different concentrations for testing its clinical efficacy and safety in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 activities.. The R/T sequence resulted in a significantly longer OS and PFS and improved disease control compared with the reverse sequence. R and T given not sequentially have similar impacts on survival. More data are needed to define the best sequence and to explore the efficacy of sequential (T/R or R/T) treatment combined with molecular-targeted drugs.

Topics: Actin Cytoskeleton; Actins; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Adenocarcinoma; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adsorption; Adult; Africa, Eastern; Aged; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Air Pollution, Indoor; Alcohol Drinking; Allergens; Alzheimer Disease; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies; Antibodies, Immobilized; Antigen Presentation; Antigens, CD; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Aptamers, Nucleotide; Asthma; Asthma, Exercise-Induced; Atrophy; Autophagy; Azoospermia; Bacillus cereus; Bacterial Infections; Beclin-1; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Biofouling; Biological Monitoring; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biosensing Techniques; Blastocyst; Bone Neoplasms; Bone Regeneration; Bronchoconstriction; Burkitt Lymphoma; C9orf72 Protein; Campylobacter; Campylobacter Infections; Campylobacter jejuni; Carcinogenesis; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cardiomyopathies; Caregivers; Carmine; Case-Control Studies; Catalysis; Cattle; Cause of Death; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cefepime; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Nucleus; Cell Transdifferentiation; Chelating Agents; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic; Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant; Child; Child, Preschool; China; Chlorquinaldol; Cholangiocarcinoma; Cholera; Chromatin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cohort Studies; Colonic Neoplasms; Colorectal Neoplasms; Colorimetry; Cooking; Coordination Complexes; COVID-19; Creatinine; CRISPR-Cas Systems; Critical Care; Critical Illness; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cryopreservation; Cryoprotective Agents; Cysteine; Cytokines; Device Removal; Diet; Diet, High-Fat; Diet, Mediterranean; Dietary Supplements; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Dipeptides; Disease Models, Animal; Dithiothreitol; DNA; DNA Repeat Expansion; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Complementary; Dopamine; Electrochemical Techniques; Electrodes; Endocannabinoids; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Erlotinib Hydrochloride; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli O157; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagitis, Peptic; Ethylene Glycol; Europium; Exanthema; Fallopian Tubes; Feces; Female; Fertilization in Vitro; Fluoresceins; Fluorescent Dyes; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Follow-Up Studies; Food Microbiology; Forced Expiratory Volume; Forkhead Transcription Factors; Frontotemporal Dementia; G-Quadruplexes; Galactose; Gastroenteritis; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Gastrointestinal Tract; Gene Frequency; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genital Neoplasms, Female; Genome-Wide Association Study; Genome, Viral; Genomics; Genotype; Glucose; Glutathione; Glycerol; Gold; Graphite; GTPase-Activating Proteins; Heat-Shock Proteins; Heme Oxygenase-1; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C; Hepatocytes; Histamine; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; Hoarseness; Hospice and Palliative Care Nursing; Humans; Hydrogen; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogen Sulfide; Hydroxybenzoates; Hydroxyl Radical; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Hyperthermia, Induced; Hysteroscopy; Immunoassay; Indigo Carmine; Inflammation; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Insulin Resistance; Intensive Care Units; Interleukin-11; Interleukin-6; Interleukins; Iodine Radioisotopes; Iran; Iridium; Islets of Langerhans; Kinetics; Lactation; Lactobacillus; Lactobacillus plantarum; Lamins; Latin America; Lead; Lectins; Leukopenia; Ligands; Limit of Detection; Lipopolysaccharides; Lipoprotein Lipase; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Neoplasms; Lolium; Luminescent Measurements; Luminol; Lung; Luteinizing Hormone; Macrophages; Magnetic Phenomena; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Malnutrition; Maltose; Manganese Compounds; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Melatonin; Metabolic Engineering; Metal Nanoparticles; Metallocenes; Metaplasia; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Methylation; Mevalonic Acid; Mexico; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbiota; MicroRNAs; Milk; Mitomycin; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Molecular Docking Simulation; Monte Carlo Method; Moringa oleifera; Multiple Sclerosis; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Nanocomposites; Nanotubes, Carbon; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Neoplasms; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neurotransmitter Agents; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Nickel; Nitrogen Dioxide; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Nucleocapsid Proteins; Nutritional Status; Obesity; Osteogenesis; Osteosarcoma; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxides; Oxygen; Oxyquinoline; Pain; Palliative Care; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pandemics; Particulate Matter; Peroxidase; Peroxidases; Phagocytosis; Phaseolus; Photothermal Therapy; Point-of-Care Systems; Polyethyleneimine; Polymers; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Polysomnography; Postoperative Complications; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Prevalence; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Probability; Probiotics; Prognosis; Prophages; Prospective Studies; Proteomics; Proto-Oncogene Proteins; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas putida; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Pulmonary Embolism; Pyridines; Pyrroles; Quality of Life; Quinolones; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Receptors, Histamine; Receptors, Histamine H2; Recombinases; Rectal Neoplasms; Reperfusion Injury; Respiration; Respiratory Function Tests; Respiratory Rate; Respiratory Sounds; Retrospective Studies; rho GTP-Binding Proteins; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; RNA; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Running; Rural Population; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Salpingectomy; Sarcopenia; SARS-CoV-2; Seeds; Semen; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sepsis; Shock, Septic; Signal Transduction; Silicon Dioxide; Silver; Sirtuin 1; Skin Neoplasms; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Soil; Spain; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Sperm Retrieval; Spermatozoa; Spirometry; Staphylococcus aureus; STAT3 Transcription Factor; Stereoisomerism; Sterilization, Tubal; Stroke Volume; Sulfadiazine; Sulfites; Superoxide Dismutase; Surface Plasmon Resonance; tau Proteins; Testis; Testosterone; Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroidectomy; Trans-Activators; Transcription Factor AP-1; Treatment Outcome; Triazoles; Triclosan; Trifluridine; Tumor Microenvironment; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; United States; Uracil; Vagina; Vegetables; Ventricular Function, Left; Ventricular Pressure; Vibrio cholerae; Vietnam; Virulence; Vital Capacity; Vitrification; Walking; Water; Water Pollutants, Radioactive; Whole Genome Sequencing; Wind; YAP-Signaling Proteins; Zeolites; Zinc Oxide

Topics: Colonic Neoplasms; Coloring Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Gentian Violet; Humans; Indigo Carmine; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Staging; Staining and Labeling

Colonoscopic polypectomy continues to be a major activity of gastrointestinal endoscopists, based upon the belief that ridding the colon of polyps prevents colon cancer. We review recent literature bearing on this assumption, emphasizing the benefits and limitations of colonoscopy for screening and surveillance of polyps. CT colonography has developed as an alternative or adjunct to colonoscopy but has not surpassed it in accuracy or therapeutic potential. Other recent technologic developments, such as magnification and chromoendoscopy, are reviewed, and an attempt is made to put them in perspective.

Topics: Colonic Neoplasms; Colonic Polyps; Colonography, Computed Tomographic; Colonoscopy; Coloring Agents; Humans; Image Enhancement; Indigo Carmine; Sensitivity and Specificity

Chromoendoscopy, the intravital staining of gastrointestinal epithelia, provides additional diagnostic information with respect to the epithelial morphology and pathophysiology. Based on experience gathered mainly in Japan, chromoendoscopy is now in more widespread use, in particular to identify preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions. The most promising techniques are the depiction of squamous epithelium neoplasia of the esophagus with Lugol's solution, staining of Barrett's mucosa by methylene blue, including the potential to identify neoplasia, and the demarcation of neoplasia with indigo carmine in stomach and colon for local endoscopic resection. However, the optimal methodology is still to be defined as well as diverging results of diagnostic accuracy to be clarified. High-resolution and magnifying endoscopy have breathed new life into chromoendoscopy. Innovative applications and refinement of the existing ones are soon to be expected.

Topics: Barrett Esophagus; Colonic Neoplasms; Coloring Agents; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Esophageal Neoplasms; Humans; Indigo Carmine; Iodides; Methylene Blue

COVID-19 as a viral disease has brought up the need to exercise more than before due to its physiological effects on health. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of 12-week of aerobic exercise on female students' hormone levels and lipid profile with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) during the COVID-19 pandemic.. Using a 12-week quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest research design among 40 Iranian female students aged 18-14 with PCOS, we randomly allocated the participants to either an experimental (they performed aerobic exercises three 60-minute sessions per week at home using content production) or a control condition. Their anthropometric and blood samples (e.g., testosterone, estrogen, prolactin, and lipid profile) were taken in two stages before and after the training protocol.. Findings demonstrated that performing aerobic exercises is an effective and non-invasive method that could have a positive effect on young girls' PCOS during COVID-19 pandemic.. La pandémie de COVID-19, en tant que maladie virale, a fait ressortir la nécessité de faire de l’exercice plus que jamais en raison de ses effets physiologiques sur la santé. Par conséquent, cette étude examine l’effet de 12 semaines d’exercice aérobique sur les niveaux hormonaux et le profil lipidique d’étudiantes atteintes du syndrome d’ovaires polykystiques (SOPK) pendant la pandémie de COVID-19.. En utilisant un modèle de recherche quasi-expérimental de 12 semaines avec pré-test, post-test auprès de 40 étudiantes iraniennes âgées de 18 à 14 ans atteintes du SOPK, nous avons réparti au hasard les participantes entre une série expérimentale (elles ont effectué des exercices aérobiques à raison de trois séances de 60 minutes par semaine à la maison) et une série contrôle. Les échantillons anthropométriques et sanguins (testostérone, œstrogène, prolactine et profil lipidique) ont été prélevés en deux étapes, avant et après le protocole d’entraînement.. Les résultats ont démontré que la pratique d’exercices d’aérobic est une méthode efficace et non invasive qui pourrait avoir un effet positif sur le SOPK des jeunes filles pendant la pandémie de COVID-19.. Our research showed that even less than 5 GBq irradiation could induce a transient testicular dysfunction in the first 3 months of therapy, but it was mostly reversible after 12 months.. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13204-023-02822-5.. Embelin is predicted to have a high probability of immunotoxicity potential and affect drug metabolism by inhibiting CYP2D6. In addition, it affects food intake, weight gain, and the number of implantations in pregnant rats. Therefore, it is highly recommended not to take embelin and embelin-rich plants during pregnancy. Further. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42965-023-00306-9.. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11696-023-02771-x.. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00477-023-02476-3.. This study ascribes for a new immunomodulatory role for IL11 during tumor development that is amenable to anti-cytokine based therapy of colon cancer.. Inflammation response do not seem to be enough to explain all the Essure-related adverse outcomes, suggesting the involvement of other biological mechanisms.. NCT03281564.. Inflammation and fibrosis are found in the surrounding tubal tissue around the Essure. Adult patients with BED with co-occurring obesity who have good responses to acute treatment with naltrexone/bupropion should be offered maintenance treatment with naltrexone/bupropion.. dp/dtmax in PiCCO parameter can be used as a bedside indicator to evaluate cardiac function in SIC patients due to its simplicity and ease of operation. Esmolol control of heart rate in SIC patients can improve cardiac function and reduce short-term mortality.. Inverted microscopy showed that compared with the NC group, the OGD/R group had poor cell status, swollen cytosol, visible cell lysis fragments and significantly lower cell activity [(49.1±2.7)% vs. (100.0±9.7)%, P < 0.01]; compared with the OGD/R group, the HW group had improved cell status and remarkably higher cell activity [(63.3±1.8)% vs. (49.1±2.7)%, P < 0.01]. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the neuronal nuclear membrane of cells in the OGD/R group was lysed and a higher number of autophagic lysosomes were visible compared with the NC group; compared with the OGD/R group, the neuronal damage of cells in the HW group was reduced and the number of autophagic lysosomes was notably decreased. The results of immunofluorescence assay showed that the expressions of LC3 and Beclin-1 were outstandingly enhanced in the OGD/R group compared with the NC group, and the expressions of LC3 and Beclin-1 were markedly weakened in the HW group compared with the OGD/R group. Western blotting assay showed that the expressions were prominently higher in both LC3II/I and Beclin-1 in the OGD/R group compared with the NC group (LC3II/I: 1.44±0.05 vs. 0.37±0.03, Beclin-1/β-actin: 1.00±0.02 vs. 0.64±0.01, both P < 0.01); compared with the OGD/R group, the protein expression of both LC3II/I and Beclin-1 in the HW group cells were notably lower (LC3II/I: 0.54±0.02 vs. 1.44±0.05, Beclin-1/β-actin: 0.83±0.07 vs. 1.00±0.02, both P < 0.01).. Hydrogen-rich water has a significant protective effect on OGD/R-causing HT22 cell injury, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of autophagy.. The prevalence of delirium in ICU patients is over 50%, with hypoactive delirium being the most common. Age, APACHE score at ICU admission, neurological disease, sepsis and duration of mechanical ventilation were all independent risk factors for the development of delirium in ICU patients. More than half of patients with delirium were still delirious when they discharged from the ICU.. For individuals ≥75 years, plasma Aβ42 and P-tau181 might not be associated with cognitive impairment, and MRI parameters, including PVWMH, LVBI and cortical atrophy, are related to CI. The cognitive statuses of people over 75 years old were used as the endpoint event in this study. Therefore, it can be considered that these MRI markers might have more important clinical significance for early assessment and dynamic observation, but more studies are still needed to verify this hypothesis.. We recommend using the Art/Zn complex owing to its moderate inhibitory and antiviral effects against the SARS-CoV-2 with a low cytotoxic effect on host (Vero E6) cells. We suggest conducting further prospective studies to investigate the biological effects of Art/Zn in animal models at different concentrations for testing its clinical efficacy and safety in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 activities.. The R/T sequence resulted in a significantly longer OS and PFS and improved disease control compared with the reverse sequence. R and T given not sequentially have similar impacts on survival. More data are needed to define the best sequence and to explore the efficacy of sequential (T/R or R/T) treatment combined with molecular-targeted drugs.

Topics: Actin Cytoskeleton; Actins; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Adenocarcinoma; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adsorption; Adult; Africa, Eastern; Aged; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Air Pollution, Indoor; Alcohol Drinking; Allergens; Alzheimer Disease; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies; Antibodies, Immobilized; Antigen Presentation; Antigens, CD; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Aptamers, Nucleotide; Asthma; Asthma, Exercise-Induced; Atrophy; Autophagy; Azoospermia; Bacillus cereus; Bacterial Infections; Beclin-1; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Biofouling; Biological Monitoring; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biosensing Techniques; Blastocyst; Bone Neoplasms; Bone Regeneration; Bronchoconstriction; Burkitt Lymphoma; C9orf72 Protein; Campylobacter; Campylobacter Infections; Campylobacter jejuni; Carcinogenesis; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cardiomyopathies; Caregivers; Carmine; Case-Control Studies; Catalysis; Cattle; Cause of Death; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cefepime; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Nucleus; Cell Transdifferentiation; Chelating Agents; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic; Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant; Child; Child, Preschool; China; Chlorquinaldol; Cholangiocarcinoma; Cholera; Chromatin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cohort Studies; Colonic Neoplasms; Colorectal Neoplasms; Colorimetry; Cooking; Coordination Complexes; COVID-19; Creatinine; CRISPR-Cas Systems; Critical Care; Critical Illness; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cryopreservation; Cryoprotective Agents; Cysteine; Cytokines; Device Removal; Diet; Diet, High-Fat; Diet, Mediterranean; Dietary Supplements; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Dipeptides; Disease Models, Animal; Dithiothreitol; DNA; DNA Repeat Expansion; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Complementary; Dopamine; Electrochemical Techniques; Electrodes; Endocannabinoids; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Erlotinib Hydrochloride; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli O157; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagitis, Peptic; Ethylene Glycol; Europium; Exanthema; Fallopian Tubes; Feces; Female; Fertilization in Vitro; Fluoresceins; Fluorescent Dyes; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Follow-Up Studies; Food Microbiology; Forced Expiratory Volume; Forkhead Transcription Factors; Frontotemporal Dementia; G-Quadruplexes; Galactose; Gastroenteritis; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Gastrointestinal Tract; Gene Frequency; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genital Neoplasms, Female; Genome-Wide Association Study; Genome, Viral; Genomics; Genotype; Glucose; Glutathione; Glycerol; Gold; Graphite; GTPase-Activating Proteins; Heat-Shock Proteins; Heme Oxygenase-1; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C; Hepatocytes; Histamine; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; Hoarseness; Hospice and Palliative Care Nursing; Humans; Hydrogen; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogen Sulfide; Hydroxybenzoates; Hydroxyl Radical; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Hyperthermia, Induced; Hysteroscopy; Immunoassay; Indigo Carmine; Inflammation; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Insulin Resistance; Intensive Care Units; Interleukin-11; Interleukin-6; Interleukins; Iodine Radioisotopes; Iran; Iridium; Islets of Langerhans; Kinetics; Lactation; Lactobacillus; Lactobacillus plantarum; Lamins; Latin America; Lead; Lectins; Leukopenia; Ligands; Limit of Detection; Lipopolysaccharides; Lipoprotein Lipase; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Neoplasms; Lolium; Luminescent Measurements; Luminol; Lung; Luteinizing Hormone; Macrophages; Magnetic Phenomena; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Malnutrition; Maltose; Manganese Compounds; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Melatonin; Metabolic Engineering; Metal Nanoparticles; Metallocenes; Metaplasia; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Methylation; Mevalonic Acid; Mexico; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbiota; MicroRNAs; Milk; Mitomycin; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Molecular Docking Simulation; Monte Carlo Method; Moringa oleifera; Multiple Sclerosis; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Nanocomposites; Nanotubes, Carbon; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Neoplasms; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neurotransmitter Agents; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Nickel; Nitrogen Dioxide; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Nucleocapsid Proteins; Nutritional Status; Obesity; Osteogenesis; Osteosarcoma; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxides; Oxygen; Oxyquinoline; Pain; Palliative Care; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pandemics; Particulate Matter; Peroxidase; Peroxidases; Phagocytosis; Phaseolus; Photothermal Therapy; Point-of-Care Systems; Polyethyleneimine; Polymers; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Polysomnography; Postoperative Complications; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Prevalence; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Probability; Probiotics; Prognosis; Prophages; Prospective Studies; Proteomics; Proto-Oncogene Proteins; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas putida; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Pulmonary Embolism; Pyridines; Pyrroles; Quality of Life; Quinolones; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Receptors, Histamine; Receptors, Histamine H2; Recombinases; Rectal Neoplasms; Reperfusion Injury; Respiration; Respiratory Function Tests; Respiratory Rate; Respiratory Sounds; Retrospective Studies; rho GTP-Binding Proteins; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; RNA; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Running; Rural Population; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Salpingectomy; Sarcopenia; SARS-CoV-2; Seeds; Semen; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sepsis; Shock, Septic; Signal Transduction; Silicon Dioxide; Silver; Sirtuin 1; Skin Neoplasms; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Soil; Spain; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Sperm Retrieval; Spermatozoa; Spirometry; Staphylococcus aureus; STAT3 Transcription Factor; Stereoisomerism; Sterilization, Tubal; Stroke Volume; Sulfadiazine; Sulfites; Superoxide Dismutase; Surface Plasmon Resonance; tau Proteins; Testis; Testosterone; Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroidectomy; Trans-Activators; Transcription Factor AP-1; Treatment Outcome; Triazoles; Triclosan; Trifluridine; Tumor Microenvironment; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; United States; Uracil; Vagina; Vegetables; Ventricular Function, Left; Ventricular Pressure; Vibrio cholerae; Vietnam; Virulence; Vital Capacity; Vitrification; Walking; Water; Water Pollutants, Radioactive; Whole Genome Sequencing; Wind; YAP-Signaling Proteins; Zeolites; Zinc Oxide

The risk of colon cancer is greater in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) than in the general population. Chromoendoscopy with dye (CE) is the currently recommended method for detecting dysplasia in screening colonoscopies in IBD patients; however, the role of virtual chromoendoscopy (VC) is not yet well defined.. The object of this study was to compare CE and VC with the iSCAN 1 system in the detection of neoplastic lesions in IBD patients.. We conducted a prospective, single-center, randomized study in IBD patients who underwent a colonoscopy for colon cancer screening. A total of 129 patients were included and were randomized to undergo a CE (n = 67) or a VC (n = 62). The rates of detection of neoplastic lesions by the 2 endoscopic techniques were compared.. A total of 19 neoplastic lesions (9 adenomas and 10 low-grade dysplasias [LGD]) was detected in 16 patients, 12 lesions in the CE group (17.9%), and 7 lesions in the VC group (11.3%; P = 0.2); no differences were found in the overall rate of detection of lesions (neoplastic or nonneoplastic; P = 1). The median of the total examination time and endoscope withdrawal time (minutes) was significantly lower in the VC group than in the CE group (15 vs 20 and 10 vs 14, respectively; P < 0.001).. No differences occurred in the rate of detection of neoplastic lesions between CE and VC with iSCAN 1. The time spent on the technique with VC is significantly less than that with CE.

Topics: Colonic Neoplasms; Colonoscopy; Coloring Agents; Humans; Hyperplasia; Indigo Carmine; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Prospective Studies

Narrow-band imaging (NBI) is a novel technique that may represent an alternative method to chromoendoscopy (CE) for the detection of colitis-associated intraepithelial neoplasia (IN) in patients with long-standing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).. To compare NBI with CE for the detection of IN.. Prospective, randomized, crossover study.. Academic hospital.. Patients with clinically inactive colonic IBD (≥8 years).. Patients underwent both CE and NBI in randomized order. Targeted biopsy specimens from abnormal areas were obtained. Pathological examination was regarded as the reference standard.. Number of false-positive and true-positive lesions in patients undergoing CE and NBI were compared as well as the proportion of patients with missed IN lesions.. Eighty patients were screened, of whom 20 were excluded. Mean ± standard deviation withdrawal time for CE was significantly longer than that for NBI (26.87 ± 9.89 minutes vs 15.74 ± 5.62 minutes, P < .01). Thirteen patients had at least 1 IN lesion on 1 of the examinations. In the per-lesion analysis, NBI resulted in a significantly inferior false-positive biopsy rate (P = .001) and a similar true-positive rate. The percentage of missed IN lesions and patients was superior with NBI, albeit without reaching statistical significance.. Lesions were sampled immediately after detection, which precluded the possibility of paired analysis.. NBI appears to be a less time-consuming and equally effective alternative to CE for the detection of IN. However, given the NBI lesion and patient miss rates, it cannot be recommended as the standard technique.

Topics: Biopsy; Carcinoma in Situ; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonoscopes; Colonoscopy; Coloring Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Humans; Image Enhancement; Indigo Carmine; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Middle Aged; Precancerous Conditions; Sensitivity and Specificity

It remains controversial whether chromocolonoscopy using indigocarmine increases the detection of colorectal polyps. We aimed to assess the impact of indigocarmine dye spray on the detection rate of adenomas and the feasibility of learning the technique in a Western practice.. 400 patients were prospectively allocated into 2 groups; A (n = 200): indigocarmine chromocolonoscopy was performed by a Japanese colonoscopist with expertise in chromoscopy; B (n = 200): initial 100 patients (B-1), a Western colonoscopist with no previous experience of chromoscopy performed conventional colonoscopy, but with at least 10 min observation during colonoscopy withdrawal. In the next 100 patients (B-2), he performed chromocolonoscopy. All polyps found were resected. Regression analysis was used to compare the numbers of polyps detected in groups A, B-1 and B-2, whilst controlling for gender, age, indication and history of colorectal cancer.. There were significant differences in the numbers of neoplastic polyps and flat adenomas between groups A and B-1 as well as between B-1 and B-2, but not between A and B-2. There was no significant difference in numbers of advanced lesions. Chromocolonoscopy (A and B-2) detected more neoplastic polyps of

Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Colon; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonic Polyps; Colonoscopy; Coloring Agents; Female; Humans; Indigo Carmine; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies

Previous data suggest that routine chromoendoscopy may increase detection rates of diminutive or flat lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of chromoendoscopy in the ascending colon and cecum, where the incidence of diminutive or flat lesions is high.. Between June 2006 and September 2006, a total of 316 consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups (control group: 158 patients, chromoendoscopy group: 158 patients). If the quality of bowel preparation was poor or cecal intubation was not achieved, the patient was excluded from the study. In the control group, the ascending colon and cecum were observed twice without chromoendoscopy. In the chromoendoscopy group, the cecum and ascending colon were reinspected following staining with indigocarmine solution after conventional examination of the cecum and ascending colon. Finally, a total of 151 and 149 patients were enrolled in the control and chromoendoscopy groups, respectively.. The chromoendoscopy group differed significantly from the control group in the number of additionally detected polyps (control: 14 versus chromoendoscopy: 62, p<0.001) and in the number of patients with additionally detected polyps (control: 12 versus chromoendoscopy: 50, p<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that detection of polyps after indigocarmine spraying was independently associated with a high body mass index and older age (p = 0.045 and p = 0.006, respectively).. With chromoendoscopy using indigocarmine, more polyps can be detected in the ascending colon and cecum as compared with using conventional colonoscopy.

Topics: Adenoma; Cecal Neoplasms; Cecum; Colon, Ascending; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonic Polyps; Colonoscopy; Coloring Agents; Female; Humans; Indigo Carmine; Male; Middle Aged

High-resolution colonoscopy with chromoscopy (HRC) is a technique designed to improve the detection of colonic neoplasias. We prospectively compared standard colonoscopy (SC) and HRC in a randomized multicenter trial.. Patients (n = 203; age, 58 +/- 10 years; sex ratio, 1) were recruited according to the following criteria: (1) a history of either familial or personal colonic neoplasia or (2) alarm symptoms after the age of 60 years. After randomization, an SC was performed in 100 patients (resolution, < or = 410,000 pixels) and a HRC in 103 patients (Fujinon EC485ZW, 850,000 pixels). In the HRC group, each colonic segment was examined before and after spraying with indigo carmine 0.4%.. Two hundred seventy-six polyps were detected in 198 patients. One hundred sixty of them were hyperplastic polyps, 116 were adenomas, and 2 were carcinomas. The numbers of hyperplastic polyps and purely flat adenomas were significantly higher in the HRC group than in the SC group (1.1 +/- 1.6 vs 0.5 +/- 1.4 and 0.22 +/- 0.68 vs 0.07 +/- 0.29, respectively; P = .01 and P = .04), but there was no significant difference in the total number of adenomas per patient (primary end point) detected between the HRC and the SC groups (0.6 +/- 1.0 vs 0.5 +/- 0.9, respectively).. Although HRC improves detection of purely flat adenomas and hyperplastic polyps, the overall detection of colonic adenomas in a population at increased risk of neoplasia is not significantly improved. These findings do not support the routine use of HRC in clinical practice.

Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonic Polyps; Colonoscopy; Coloring Agents; Female; France; Humans; Image Enhancement; Indigo Carmine; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies

To identify the feasibility of the narrow-band imaging (NBI) method compared with that of conventional colonoscopy and chromoendoscopy for distinguishing neoplastic and nonneoplastic colonic polyps.. This study enrolled consecutive patients who underwent colonoscopy using a conventional colonoscope between January and February 2006 at Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taiwan. These 78 patients had 110 colorectal polyps. During the procedure, conventional colonoscopy first detected lesions, and then the NBI system was used to examine the capillary networks. Thereafter indigo carmine (0.2%) was sprayed directly on the mucosa surface prior to evaluating the crypts using a conventional colonoscope. The pit patterns were characterized using the classification system proposed by Kudo. Finally, a polypectomy or biopsy was performed for histological diagnosis.. Of the 110 colorectal polyps, 65 were adenomas, 40 were hyperplastic polyps, and five were adenocarcinomas. The NBI system and pit patterns for all lesions were analyzed. For differential diagnosis of neoplastic (adenoma and adenocarcinoma) and nonneoplastic (hyperplastic) polyps, the sensitivity of the conventional colonoscope for detecting neoplastic polyps was 82.9%, specificity was 80.0% and diagnostic accuracy was 81.8%, significantly lower than those achieved with the NBI system (sensitivity 95.7%, specificity 87.5%, accuracy 92.7%) and chromoendoscopy (sensitivity 95.7%, specificity 87.5%, accuracy 92.7%). Therefore, no significant difference existed between the NBI system and chromoendoscopy during differential diagnosis of neoplastic and nonneoplastic polyps.. The NBI system identified morphological details that correlate well with polyp histology by chromoendoscopy.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonic Polyps; Colonoscopy; Coloring Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Feasibility Studies; Female; Humans; Indigo Carmine; Male; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Reproducibility of Results

A visual, nonbiopsy technique that could reliably determine the histology of diminutive colorectal polyps could greatly reduce the cost of colon cancer screening. This study was designed to report our experience using a high-resolution colonoscope combined with indigo carmine dye to diagnosis diminutive colorectal polyps.. Colonoscopy using a Fujinon EC-400 HM/HL was performed in 36 patients with polyps <10mm in diameter. Polyps from the first 12 patients (phase 1) were sprayed with 10 mL of 0.2% indigo carmine dye, and a biopsy was performed or a specimen removed and submitted for histological analysis. The morphological data were used to predict polyp histology in the subsequent 24 patients (phase 2).. Hyperplastic polyps had a characteristic surface "pit pattern" of orderly arranged "dots" that resembled the surrounding, nonpolypoid mucosa. Adenomatous polyps had surface "grooves" or "sulci." Sensitivity and specificity of our techniques in distinguishing adenomatous from nonadenomatous colorectal polyps were 93% and 95% respectively.. High-resolution chromoendoscopy provides morphological detail of diminutive colorectal polyps that correlates well with polyp histology. If incorporated into colon cancer screening, these techniques may limit the need for biopsy and/or subsequent colonoscopy and ultimately decrease costs.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Biopsy; Colon; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonic Polyps; Colonoscopy; Coloring Agents; Costs and Cost Analysis; Humans; Indigo Carmine; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Sensitivity and Specificity

Sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) are precursors of colon cancer, especially in cases of large, right colon. However, they are difficult to not only detect, but only clarify the margin of the lesion, which can lead to the poor endoscopic treatment outcomes.. This study evaluated the usefulness of acetic acid spray with narrow-band imaging (A-NBI) for the better visualization of the margin of SSLs.. From January 2013 to March 2022, patients with superficial elevated polyps suspected of being SSLs ≥ 10 mm with an endoscopic diagnosis that had been endoscopically resected at Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital were enrolled. Endoscopic images with white-light imaging (WLI), narrow-band imaging (NBI), indigo-carmine (IC), and A-NBI were recorded in each lesion and were randomly arranged and assessed by 10 endoscopists. We compared the visibility score (1 to 4) and color differences (ΔE) between inside and outside of the lesions among WLI, NBI, IC, and A-NBI.. Forty-one lesions in 33 cases were included, and a total of 164 images were evaluated. As for the visibility score, most of the lesions were scored as 1 or 2 on WLI, whereas most were scored 4 on A-NBI. The median ΔE of A-NBI was also significantly higher than that of WLI, NBI, or IC (20.5 vs. 8.3 vs. 8.2 vs. 12.3, P < 0.01). A significant correlation was observed between the color difference and visibility score (r = 0.53, P < 0.01).. A-NBI may be a useful modality for identifying the margin of SSLs.

Topics: Acetic Acid; Adenoma; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonoscopy; Humans; Indigo Carmine; Narrow Band Imaging

Endoscopic tattooing is often used to facilitate the identification of colorectal lesions before endoscopic treatments. However, tattooing under the lesion can result in technical difficulties because of the dark endoscopic field and submucosal fibrosis. A 65-year-old man with a non-granular-type laterally spreading tumor was referred to our hospital after tattooing with India ink for surgery. However, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was selected for the resection of this lesion because the findings of magnifying endoscopy suggested an intramucosal cancer. Dissection around a dense section was difficult because of the dark endoscopic field and non-lifting as a result of severe fibrosis. We performed ESD using the following strategy: (1) injection with a smaller amount of indigo carmine and (2) cut and dissection from the side of the thinly tattooed area. The lesion was curatively resected en bloc without any complications. This finding suggests that endoscopic tattooing before endoscopic treatment should be performed one or two folds away from the lesion.

Topics: Aged; Carbon; Colon; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonoscopy; Coloring Agents; Dissection; Endoscopic Mucosal Resection; Fibrosis; Humans; Indigo Carmine; Ink; Male; Preoperative Care; Tattooing

Serrated polyposis syndrome is a rare condition in which multiple serrated lesions develop all over the colon, which is thought to be associated with an increased risk for the development of cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of endoscopic treatment and standardised surveillance in patients with this increasingly recognised syndrome.. From September 2010 to November 2013, consecutive patients were included in a prospective study. All patients underwent chromoendoscopy at first presentation and during surveillance. Follow-up examinations were carried out at 3 month intervals until complete clearance was achieved. Afterwards, patients entered a standardised surveillance protocol with a chromoendoscopic colonoscopy annually.. Altogether 100 colonoscopies were carried out in 28 patients, with endoscopic resection of 436 lesions. Total clearance was accomplished in 27 patients (96.0 %) after 2.5 colonoscopies (range 1 - 8). Histology revealed 359 hyperplastic polyps (82.3 %), 37 sessile serrated adenomas (8.5 %), 36 low-grade adenomas (8.3 %), and one patient with advanced colorectal cancer. Twelve patients (42.8 %) had serrated polyps > 10 mm in size. During the surveillance period, 86 additional lesions were detected and resected. The mean follow-up period was 21.5 months (range 2 - 39 months). No interval carcinoma was detected during the surveillance.. The present study indicates that endoscopic management in patients who meet the diagnostic criteria for serrated polyposis syndrome is feasible and safe. In particular, the incidence of colorectal cancer in this cohort was lower in comparison with previous studies.

Topics: Adenomatous Polyposis Coli; Administration, Topical; Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonoscopy; Disease Progression; Feasibility Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Incidence; Indigo Carmine; Male; Middle Aged; Precancerous Conditions; Prospective Studies; Rectal Neoplasms; Tertiary Care Centers; Treatment Outcome; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia

Colonic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas are a rare occurrence and the definitive treatment has not been established. Solitary or multiple, elevated or polypoid lesions are the usual appearances of MALT lymphoma in the large intestine and sometimes the surface may reveal abnormal vascularity. Herein, we report a case of MALT lymphoma and review the relevant literature. Upon colonoscopy, a suspected pathologic lesion was observed in the proximal transverse colon. The lesion could be distinguished more prominently after using narrow-band imaging mode and indigo carmine-dye spraying chromoendoscopy. Histopathologic examination of this biopsy specimen revealed lymphoepithelial lesions with diffuse proliferation of atypical lymphoid cells effacing the glandular architecture and centrocyte-like cells infiltrating the lamina propria. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that tumor cells were positive for CD20 and Bcl-2e, and negative for CD10, CD23, and Bcl-6. According to Ann-Arbor staging system, the patient had stage IIE. A partial colectomy with dissection of the paracolic lymph nodes was performed. Until now, there is no recurrence of lymphoma at follow-up.

Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy; Chromogenic Compounds; Colectomy; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonoscopy; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Indigo Carmine; Lymph Node Excision; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone; Male; Middle Aged; Narrow Band Imaging; Predictive Value of Tests; Treatment Outcome

Blue dyes such as indigo carmine have become a frequent component of the submucosal injectate for EMR. Confirmation of the correct resection plane and assessment of the resection defect are facilitated by the selective staining of the submucosal layer. Nonstained areas are more difficult to evaluate and may contain inadvertent muscularis propria (MP) injury. The use of topical submucosal chromoendoscopy (TSC) may allow rapid and accurate assessment of these unstained areas and visual recognition of MP injury.. To evaluate the utility of a novel technique in the assessment of nonstained areas within the post-EMR defect.. Single-center prospective cohort study.. Academic, tertiary care referral center.. A total of 143 patients undergoing wide-field colonic EMR for sessile lesions 20 mm or larger.. A standard inject-and-resect EMR technique was applied with indigo carmine blue dye in the injectate. Defects with areas of nonstaining were recorded and examined, and then irrigated with the submucosal injectate by using the blunt tip of the injection catheter.. Detection of additional cases of MP injury by using TSC.. A total of 147 EMRs were performed. Focal areas of defect nonstaining were seen in 25 of cases (17%), with no MP injury identified on initial examination. After TSC, 2 additional cases of MP injury were identified, and these were successfully managed endoscopically. Intraprocedural recognition of deep resection increased from 4 cases (2.8%) to 6 cases (4.1%), thereby avoiding potential delayed perforation in 2 patients.. Single-center, nonrandomized study.. TSC is simple and effective and rapidly confirms the plane of resection and may improve detection of intraprocedural perforation.

Topics: Cohort Studies; Colon; Colonic Diseases; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonoscopy; Coloring Agents; Humans; Indigo Carmine; Intestinal Mucosa; Prospective Studies

Cold biopsy forceps polypectomy (CBP) is commonly used for the removal of diminutive polyps; however, evidence for the efficacy of CBP is lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adequacy of resection of diminutive polyps and to identify predictors for complete resection using CBP.. This was a prospective study from a tertiary referral hospital in Korea. A total of 196 patients were screened, and 65 patients with diminutive polyps were enrolled. CBP was used to resect diminutive polyps until no polyp was visible by chromoendoscopy using indigo carmine spray. Each polyp base was then resected using endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) with a 1-3-mm free margin. CBP and EMR specimens were sent to the histopathology department for the evaluation of the completeness of the resection. Cross sections of the EMR specimens made at 1-mm intervals were examined by a pathologist.. A total of 86 diminutive polyps were available for assessment. Overall, 90.7% (78/86) of the diminutive polyps were completely resected using CBP (95%CI 84.6-96.8%). The complete resection rate for all diminutive adenomas was 92.3 % (60/65; 95%CI 85.8-98.8%) and for 1-3-mm adenomas 100% (95%CI 81.5-100%). Polyp size, histology, and location, and number of biopsies were not different between the complete and incomplete resection groups.. In this small study approximately 90 % of all diminutive polyps and 100% of 1-3-mm adenomatous polyps were completely resected using CBP and chromoendoscopy. CBP appears to be adequate for the resection of the majority of diminutive polyps, especially small sized adenomas (≤ 3 mm) if no residual tissue is visible by chromoendoscopy.

Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Aged; Biopsy; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonic Polyps; Colonoscopy; Coloring Agents; Dissection; Female; Humans; Indigo Carmine; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm, Residual; Prospective Studies

The laterally spreading colon tumors (LST) constitute a kind of flat superficial neoplasia, which may cause colorectal cancer. There was studied the efficacy of colonoscopy and chromoscopy, using indigocarmine and acetic acid in the LST diagnosis in 897 patients. In 85 (9.5%) patients, suffering adenoma 113 LST were revealed, including 84 (74.3%) of a nongranular type (LST - NG), 29 (25.7%)--of granular type (LST - G). The diameter of LST was from 10 to 120 mm, 19.6 mm at average. Tubular adenoma was diagnosed in 67 (59%) observations, the dentate one--in 24 (21%), papillary--in 12 (11%), papillary-tubular--in 10 (9%).

Topics: Acetic Acid; Adenoma; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Colon; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonoscopy; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Indigo Carmine; Male; Middle Aged; Tumor Burden; Video Recording

Topics: Carcinoma in Situ; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonoscopy; Coloring Agents; Female; Humans; Indigo Carmine; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Intestinal Mucosa; Male

Topics: Carcinoma in Situ; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonoscopy; Coloring Agents; Female; Humans; Indigo Carmine; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Intestinal Mucosa; Male

The biological functions of caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) derivatives from various plant sources have been partially elucidated. The objectives were to isolate and purify diCQAs from Yerba mate tea leaves and assess their anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer capabilities in vitro and explore their mechanism of action.. Methanol extracts of dried mate leaves were resolved by flash chromatography and further purified resulting in two fractions one containing 3,4- and 3,5-diCQAs and the other 4,5-diCQA with NMR-confirmed structures. Both fractions inhibited LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage inflammation by suppressing nitric oxide/inducible nitric oxide and prostaglandin E(2) /cyclooxygenase-2 pathways through inhibiting nucleus translocation of Nuclear factor κB subunits, p50 and p65. The diCQA fractions inhibited Human colon cancer cells CRL-2577 (RKO) and HT-29 cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, but did not affect the protein levels of p21, p27, p53, and Bax:Bcl-2 ratio in RKO cells. In HT-29 cells, however, the diCQA fractions increased Bax:Bcl-2 ratio. The diCQA fractions increased the activation of caspase-8 leading to cleavage of caspase-3 in both RKO and HT-29 colon cancer cells.. The results suggest that diCQAs in Yerba mate could be potential anti-cancer agents and could mitigate other diseases also associated with inflammation.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Apoptosis; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Caspase 3; Caspase 8; Cell Nucleus; Cell Proliferation; Chlorogenic Acid; Colonic Neoplasms; Cyclooxygenase 2; Dinoprostone; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Enzyme Activation; HT29 Cells; Humans; Ilex paraguariensis; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophages; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; NF-kappa B; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Protein Transport; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2

Individuals carrying germline mutations in one of the genes responsible for hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) have a lifetime risk of up to 80 % of developing colorectal cancer. As there is evidence for a higher incidence of flat adenomatous precursors and because an accelerated adenoma-carcinoma sequence has been postulated for these patients, early detection of these lesions is essential. It was the aim of the present study to assess the detection rate of polypoid lesions by comparing chromocolonoscopy with standard white light colonoscopy and narrow-band imaging (NBI) colonoscopy.. 109 patients were included (98 with a functionally relevant mutation in a mismatch repair gene, 11 fulfilling the strict Amsterdam criteria). In 47 patients, standard colonoscopy was followed by chromocolonoscopy with indigo carmine. In 62 patients, NBI was performed first followed by chromocolonoscopy.. A total of 128 hyperplastic and 52 adenomatous lesions were detected. In the first series, 0.5 lesions/patient were identified by standard colonoscopy and 1.5 lesions/patient by chromocolonoscopy ( P < 0.001). In the second series, 0.7 lesions/patient were detected by NBI colonoscopy and 1.8 lesions/patient by chromocolonoscopy ( P = 0.01). At least one adenoma was detected in 15 % of patients by both standard and NBI colonoscopy compared with 28 % of patients by chromocolonoscopy.. According to this study, chromocolonoscopy detects significantly more hyperplastic and, in particular, adenomatous lesions than standard white light colonoscopy or NBI.

Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Base Pair Mismatch; Colon; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonic Polyps; Colonoscopy; Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis; Coloring Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Early Detection of Cancer; Germ-Line Mutation; Humans; Hyperplasia; Indigo Carmine; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Precancerous Conditions

Topics: Adenoma; Clinical Competence; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonic Polyps; Colonoscopy; Coloring Agents; Humans; Indigo Carmine; Predictive Value of Tests

The aim of this study was to determine the detection rate of polyps using zoom chromoendoscopy (ZE) compared with standard video colonoscopy.. End-to-end colonoscopies were performed in 50 patients by two different endoscopists blinded for each other's results. Lesions detected during initial standard colonoscopy (C1) were biopsied or removed by snare resection. The second colonoscopy (C2) was done with a zoom colonoscope spraying the whole colon with indigocarmine (0.4%). In addition, detected mucosal lesions were documented prior to ZE and then classified according to the pit pattern classification before biopsy or removal. The retrieval time for each procedure was determined.. The average retrieval time for C1 was 13+/-9 min (9-24) and 28+/-11 min (16-38, p<0.05) for ZE. During C1, 56 lesions were detected in 26 of 50 patients (34 hyperplastic and 22 adenomatous). During C2, 19 additional polyps were documented prior to ZE (15% tandem miss rate), and 20 further lesions were detected with ZE (21% additional polyp detection rate compared to C1 and C2 without ZE). Of the 39 additional lesions removed during C2 after ZE, 29 were hyperplastic and 10 were adenomatous. Most adenomas detected during the second investigation were found in patients in whom adenomatous polyps had already been removed during the initial colonoscopy (9 of 26 patients vs 1 of 24 patients, p<0.02). No carcinoma was detected. The pit pattern classification allowed a correct differentiation between hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps (accuracy 93%, sensitivity 90%, specificity 97%).. Using zoom chromoendoscopy, the rate of detecting colonic polyps can be increased at the cost of a longer retrieval time.

Topics: Adenoma; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biopsy; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonoscopy; Coloring Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Errors; Female; Humans; Indigo Carmine; Male; Middle Aged; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies; Video Recording

Topics: Adenoma; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonic Polyps; Colonoscopy; Coloring Agents; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Humans; Indigo Carmine; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sigmoid Neoplasms

The ability to differentiate adenomatous from nonadenomatous colonic polyps by using chromoendoscopy would obviate the need to remove hyperplastic lesions. The aim of this study was to define the accuracy of high-resolution chromoendoscopy for the determination of colonic polyp histology.. In 158 patients, 273 polyps (<5 mm) in the rectosigmoid were estimated for their histology. The endoscopists, in two steps, predicted the histopathology of each lesion on the basis of its surface characteristics by using high-resolution colonoscope without any staining and after indigo carmine dye according to the Kudo classification.. The resected polyps included 48 adenomatous and 225 nonadenomatous polyps. When histologically confirmed hyperplastic polyps were compared with adenomatous polyps, the prediction of hyperplastic polyps based on endoscopic findings had a sensitivity of 93%, a specificity of 60%, and an overall accuracy of 81%. The corresponding sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy after indigo carmine dye were 94%, 64%, and 83%, respectively.. The results suggest that the chromoendoscopy only marginally improves the determination between hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps when using high-resolution colonoscopes. The overall accuracy rate increased after dyeing, from 81% to 83%. The omission of histopathologic analysis cannot yet be achieved by chromoendoscopy.

Topics: Adenoma; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonic Polyps; Colonoscopes; Colonoscopy; Color; Coloring Agents; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Female; Humans; Hyperplasia; Indigo Carmine; Male; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Sigmoid Neoplasms

Colorectal cancer mortality is decreased by endoscopic polypectomy, but conventional colonoscopy may be inadequate for detecting subtle colonic lesions.. We selectively performed chromoendoscopy in all patients undergoing colonoscopy between January 1999 and December 2005 at the International Health Union of Rome. Patients with a history of colorectal polyps, inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal surgery or coagulopathy and those with poor bowel preparation were excluded from this analysis. Whenever colonoscopy revealed suspicious mucosal areas, dye-spraying with 0.2% indigo carmine solution was also performed. Findings from conventional and dyespraying views were classified morphologically, and specimens were analyzed histologically. Non-adenomatous lesions were classified as negative findings.. A total of 2005 patients underwent conventional colonoscopy and in 305 cases (15%) chromoendoscopy was also performed. Conventional colonoscopy identified 508 neoplasms in 381 patients (19%). Selective chromoendoscopy found an additional 244 neoplasms in 212 patients (11%). Thus, chromoendoscopy was positive in 212 (70%) of 305 patients in whom the examination was performed. Overall, 56 large, ulcerated, advanced cancers and 696 non-advanced neoplasms were found. Of the 696 nonadvanced neoplasms, 448 (65%) were polypoid and 248 (35%) were non-polypoid. All but 4 non-polypoid lesions were only detected with chromoendoscopy. Of the 248 non-polypoid lesions, 12 (5%) were depressed and 236 (95%) were flat. Advanced histology was present in 39 non-polypoid lesions (15%) and was more common in depressed lesions than in flat ones (58% vs. 13%; p<0.001).. Our study confirms the existence of flat and depressed neoplasms in an Italian population. The vast majority of non-polypoid lesions were only detected by chromoendoscopy, and many lesions with advanced histology were missed by conventional colonoscopy. We therefore recommend selectively performing chromoendoscopy when conventional colonoscopy provides clues for non-polypoid lesions. Therefore, endoscopists should be trained in the detection of these subtle mucosal clues, as well as in the use of chromoendoscopy to enhance their detection.

Topics: Adenoma; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonoscopy; Coloring Agents; Female; Humans; Indigo Carmine; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Predictive Value of Tests; Retrospective Studies

Chromoscopic colonoscopy using indigo carmine is indispensable for the accurate detection of flat neoplastic lesions. In particular, the dye spray technique facilitates the detection of both flat hyperplastic polyps and highly dysplastic lesions. However, magnification chromo-colonoscopy discriminates adenomas from hyperplastic polyps with greater accuracy than conventional methods by showing distinct and visible pit patterns. A pit pattern represents crypt orifices, which reflect the underlying histological structures and colonoscopists can make histological predictions by observing the pit patterns without obtaining biopsy specimens. The pit patterns are classified as types I, II, IIIL, IIIs, IV and V based on histological characterization of normal mucosa, hyperplastic polyp, polypoid adenoma, flat adenoma, tubulo-villous adenoma and cancerous tissue, respectively. In previous reports, overall accuracy ranged from 80 to 95%. In addition, magnification chromo-colonoscopy is useful for the diagnosis of early cancer associated with substantial invasion of the submucosa, in which type V pits are subclassified as types V-I and V-N. The presence of type V-N pits is significant in correlation to cancer with substantial invasion of the submucosa. Magnification chromo-colonoscopy is useful in clinical decision-making when deciding whether endoscopic resection or bowel resection is the appropriate initial procedure to treat lesions.

Topics: Colonic Neoplasms; Colonic Polyps; Colonoscopy; Coloring Agents; Humans; Indigo Carmine; Neoplasm Invasiveness

Topics: Acetic Acid; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonoscopy; Coloring Agents; Humans; Indigo Carmine

Topics: Colonic Neoplasms; Coloring Agents; Electrocoagulation; Electrosurgery; Hemostasis, Surgical; Humans; Indigo Carmine; Intestinal Mucosa; Sigmoid Neoplasms

Recent data suggest that panchromoscopy using methylene blue can improve the detection of intraepithelial neoplastic lesions in the context of surveillance colonoscopy for patients with chronic ulcerative colitis. This method has also been shown to provide a more accurate diagnosis of the extent of disease and inflammatory activity. Interval cancers are known to occur in patients with chronic ulcerative colitis despite the adoption of currently accepted surveillance biopsy protocols. We hypothesised that targeted chromoscopy alone, with high-magnification imaging, may increase the total number of intraepithelial neoplastic lesions detected, compared with conventional colonoscopy and biopsy surveillance according to current protocols.. A total of 350 patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis (>or=8 years) underwent surveillance colonoscopy using high-magnification chromoscopic colonoscopy (HMCC). Quadrantic biopsies at 10-cm intervals were taken on extubation in addition to targeted biopsies of abnormal mucosal areas. Defined lesions were further evaluated using modified Kudo crypt pattern analysis. These data were compared with data from 350 disease duration- and disease extent-matched control patients who had undergone conventional colonoscopic surveillance between January 2001 and April 2005.. Significantly more intraepithelial neoplastic lesions were detected in the magnification chromoscopy group compared with controls (69 vs. 24, P<0.0001). Intraepithelial neoplasia was observed in 67 lesions, of which 53 (79%) were detected using magnification chromoscopy alone. Chromoscopy increased the number of flat lesions with intraepithelial neoplasia detected compared with controls (P<0.001). Twenty intraepithelial neoplastic lesions were detected from 12,850 non-targeted biopsies in the HMCC group (0.16%), while 49 intraepithelial neoplastic lesions were detected from the 644 targeted biopsies in the HMCC group (8%). From 12,482 non-targeted biopsies taken in the control group patients, 18 (0.14%) showed intraepithelial neoplasia. The yield of intraepithelial neoplastic lesions from targeted biopsies in the control group (i. e. without HMCC imaging), however, was only modestly improved at 1.6% (6/369). Using modified Kudo criteria, the sensitivity and specificity for differentiating neoplastic from non-neoplastic lesions using HMCC were 93% and 88% respectively. The total procedure time was significantly longer in the HMCC group compared with controls (P<0.02).. Magnification chromoscopy improves the detection of intraepithelial neoplasia in the endoscopic screening of patients with chronic ulcerative colitis. Neoplastic and non-neoplastic mucosal change can be predicted with a high overall accuracy using magnification techniques. These adjunctive endoscopic techniques have important clinical implications and may lead to changes in current practice guidelines.

Topics: Biopsy, Needle; Carcinoma in Situ; Cohort Studies; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonoscopy; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Image Enhancement; Immunohistochemistry; Indigo Carmine; Male; Precancerous Conditions; Probability; Prospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Sensitivity and Specificity; Statistics, Nonparametric

This study describes the feasibility of magnifying colonoscopy with indigo carmine dye contrast to distinguish neoplastic and nonneoplastic colonic polyps. This study sampled consecutive patients undergoing colonoscopy using an Olympus CF240ZI from January to October 2000 at Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Lin-Kou Medical Center. This study analyzed a total of 270 polyps. Indigo carmine (0.2%) was sprayed directly on the mucosa surface before observing the crypts using a magnifying colonoscope (1.5x-100x). The pit patterns were described using the classification proposed by Kudo. Finally, polypectomy or biopsy was performed for histological diagnosis. The study identified 155 adenomas, 99 hyperplastic polyps, 9 adenocarcinomas, and 7 other nonneoplastic lesions (harmatoma, inflammatory polyps, and mucosal tag). The pit pattern was analyzed for all lesions. Further classification into neoplastic (adenoma and adenocarcinoma) and nonneoplastic (hyperplastic and others) polyps revealed 156 neoplastic and 14 nonneoplastic polyps among the type III to type V pits and 92 nonneoplastic and 8 neoplastic polyps among the type I and II pits. The sensitivity of type III to type V pits in detecting neoplastic polyps was 95.1%, with a specificity of 86.8% and diagnostic accuracy of 91.9%. The positive likelihood ratio was 7.3, and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.06. Magnifying colonoscopy with indigo carmine dye contrast provides morphological detail that correlates well with polyp histology. Small flat lesions with typical type II pit pattern should have minimal neoplastic risk, thus endoscopic resection is not necessary.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenoma; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonic Polyps; Colonoscopy; Coloring Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Combinations; Female; Ferrous Compounds; Humans; Image Enhancement; Indigo Carmine; Male; Middle Aged; Mucins

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonoscopes; Colonoscopy; Coloring Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Gentian Violet; Humans; Image Enhancement; Indigo Carmine; Intestinal Mucosa; Microscopy

Topics: Colonic Neoplasms; Colonoscopy; Coloring Agents; Humans; Indigo Carmine

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Biopsy, Needle; Colectomy; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonoscopy; Coloring Agents; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Indigo Carmine; Intestinal Mucosa; Laparoscopy; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Video Recording

Flat and depressed cancers of the colon have now been recognized in several centers throughout the world. We report here a case of a 0.8-mm depressed adenoma with high-grade dysplasia in a 70-year-old man. We believe this to be the smallest adenoma ever reported, and unusually (for a small lesion) it was positive for the K-ras mutation.

Topics: Adenoma; Aged; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonoscopy; Genes, ras; Humans; Indigo Carmine; Indoles; Male; Mutation

Topics: Colonic Neoplasms; Colonoscopes; Coloring Agents; Humans; Indigo Carmine; Injections, Intralesional; Sensitivity and Specificity

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Colectomy; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonoscopy; Coloring Agents; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Indigo Carmine; Indoles; Intestinal Mucosa; Laparoscopy; Neoplasm Staging

Thirty-seven diminutive flat depressed neoplastic lesions of the colon, smaller than 5 mm, were detected by contrast chromoscopy using an indigo carmine capsule and subsequently removed by endoscopic mucosal resection. We investigated the endoscopic, macroscopic, and histologic characteristics of these lesions and also evaluated the usefulness of chromoscopy and the magnifying endoscope for detecting this type of lesion. The lesions were classified into two types according to the measured height of the histologic sections: 28 lesions were truly flat depressed and the remaining 9 lesions were flat elevated. Of the 37 lesions, 18 were adenomas with mild atypia, 14 with moderate atypia, and 5 with severe atypia. The flat depressed lesions included 12 with mild atypia, 11 with moderate atypia, and 5 with severe atypia. No invasive carcinoma was present in either type, and no adenoma with severe atypia was identified in any of the flat elevated lesions. The overall rate of severe atypia was 13.5%; the rate of severe atypia for the flat depressed type was 17.9%, which is approximately 14-fold greater than that of ordinary diminutive polypoid adenomas (1.3%). The detection of these lesions was facilitated by the use of indigo carmine dye, which clearly demonstrated the mucosal irregularities. The frequency of detection of these lesions was increased four to five times with a magnifying endoscope, as occurred in nearly 10% of all of the patients examined. These data suggest that the finding of endoscopically minute flat depressed neoplastic lesions is not at all uncommon when examination is meticulously performed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Adenoma; Adenomatous Polyps; Adult; Aged; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonoscopy; Color; Female; Humans; Indigo Carmine; Male; Middle Aged