indigo-carmine and Chemical-and-Drug-Induced-Liver-Injury

Although Laggera pterodonta as a folk medicine has been widely used for several centuries to ameliorate some inflammatory ailments as hepatitis in China, there have been no studies of the hepatoprotective and antioxidative effects of this plant. In this paper, the hepatoprotective effect of total phenolics from L. pterodonta (TPLP) against CCI4-, D-GalN-, TAA-, and t-BHP-induced injury was examined in primary cultured neonatal rat hepatocytes. TPLP inhibited the cellular leakage of two enzymes, hepatocyte ASAT and ALAT, caused by these chemicals and improved cell viability. Moreover, TPLP afforded much stronger protection than the reference drug silibinin. Meanwhile, DPPH and superoxide radicals scavenging activities of TPLP were also determined. The present investigation is the first to report chemical-induced injury model in primary cultured neonatal rat hepatocytes and provide evidence for the hepatoprotective and antioxidative effects of L. pterodonta. Neutralizing reactive oxygen species by nonenzymatic mechanisms may be one of main mechanisms of TPLP against chemical-induced hepatocyte injury. Furthermore, The total phenolic content of L. pterodonta and its main component type were quantified, and its principle components isochlorogenic acids were isolated and authenticated. These data support the folkloric uses of L. pterodonta in the treatment of hepatitis.

Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Antioxidants; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Asteraceae; Cell Survival; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chlorogenic Acid; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Free Radical Scavengers; Hepatocytes; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Monosaccharides; Quinic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Superoxides; Xenobiotics

Forty patients with stomach cancer, including 25 patients with early carcinoma, were examined endoscopically during the perfusion of Indigo carmine dye into the celiac artery in association with vasomotors. In all of these patients the diagnosis had been established definitively by aimed biopsies before the procedure. This new endoscopic examination is useful not only to determine the margin of the superficial carcinoma, even when it is covered with regenerative epithelium, but also to detect small lesion less than 10 mm in diameter. Liver function tests in 31 patients who underwent the examination have negated the possibility of acute toxicity of the dye. But this new method should be employed with caution in hypertensive or high-risk patients.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Celiac Artery; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Epinephrine; Gastroscopy; Humans; Indigo Carmine; Indoles; Injections, Intra-Arterial; Stomach Neoplasms