icodextrin and Hypertrophy--Left-Ventricular

This paper reviews the most recent clinical data on the volume status of long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. It appears that many PD patients are volume overloaded, associated with a high prevalence of hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. In the presence of the poor results in patients with peritoneal ultrafiltration, the introduction of the polyglucose solution, icodextrin, has ameliorated volume control in some of these patients. In a second part of the review, some of the structural and functional alterations in the peritoneal membrane and the role of glucose degradation products (GDP) in the commonly used dialysates as well as the resulting formation of advanced glycation end products are described. The introduction of low GDP-containing solutions at normal pH has at least in experimental models of PD attenuated the hemodynamic changes observed with the classical solutions. The solutions at normal pH containing either bicarbonate or a mixture of bicarbonate/lactate were clinically associated with less inflow pain.

Topics: Acidosis; Bicarbonates; Blood Volume; Double-Blind Method; Glucans; Glucose; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Hemodialysis Solutions; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Icodextrin; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Lactates; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Pain; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritonitis; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Sodium; Treatment Failure

Left ventricular hypertrophy is a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD). Because icodextrin has a greater ultrafiltration power compared with glucose-based solutions for long dwell, it could improve left ventricular mass by reducing fluid overload. This was a randomized clinical trial that included patients on PD recruited from 2 teaching hospitals, in Sao Paulo-Brazil. Patients were allocated to the control glucose group (GLU) or the intervention icodextrin (ICO) group. Clinical and cardiac magnetic resonance image (MRI) parameters were evaluated at baseline and 6 months after randomization. The primary outcome was the change in left ventricular mass adjusted by surface area (ΔLVMI), measured by cardiac MRI. A total of 22 patients completed the study (GLU, N = 12 and ICO, N = 10). Baseline characteristics such as age, sex, underlying disease, and time on dialysis were similar in both groups. At baseline, 17 patients (77.3%) presented with left ventricular hypertrophy with no difference between groups (p = 0.748). According to the total body water (TBW)/extracellular water (ECW) ratio, 36.8% and 80% of patients from GLU and ICO groups, respectively, were considered hypervolemic (p = 0.044). During follow-up, ΔLVMI was 3.9 g/m (- 10.7, 2.2) in GLU and 5.2 (- 26.8, 16.8) in ICO group (p = 0.651). ΔLVMI correlated with change in brain natriuretic peptide (r = 0.566, p = 0.044), which remained significant in a multiple regression analysis. The use of the icodextrin-based solution in prevalent patients on PD compared with a glucose-based solution was not able to improve LMV. A larger randomized trial with a longer follow-up period may be needed to show changes in LVM in this patient population.Trial registration: this study has been registered at ReBEC (Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clinicos) under the identification #RBR-2mzhmj2, available at: https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/pesquisador .

Topics: Brazil; Dialysis Solutions; Glucans; Glucose; Humans; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Icodextrin; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Peritoneal Dialysis; Prospective Studies; Renal Dialysis

Peritoneal dialysis patients with ultrafiltration failure frequently have fluid overload. It is known that the increase in the ultrafiltration is associated with decrease in the left ventricle (LV) dysfunction. This study was designed to examine the potential effects of serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) on cardiac functions and to determine the relationship between BNP and cardiac parameters in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients with ultrafiltration failure.. Twenty-eight patients with high or high-average membrane permeability as indicated by the peritoneal equilibration test were enrolled and randomized to receive either once or twice daily icodextrin. Serum BNP levels and echocardiographic measurements were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the eighth week. The correlations between the percentage changes of parameters from baseline were also studied.. In both groups there was a significant decrease in serum BNP, LV mass, heart rate (HR) and cardiothoracic index (CTI) and an improvement in ejection fraction (all P < 0.05). However, the percentage of change in all these parameters was significantly better in the twice daily compared with once daily group (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, the percentage decrease in BNP was positively correlated with the percentage decrease in HR, LV mass and BP.. Twice daily icodextrin treatment might be useful in hypervolaemic CAPD patients for the improvement of cardiac functions. BNP monitoring may be useful to follow up these patients.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; Down-Regulation; Echocardiography; Female; Glucans; Glucose; Heart Rate; Hemodialysis Solutions; Humans; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Icodextrin; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; Prospective Studies; Recovery of Function; Stroke Volume; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left; Ventricular Function, Left; Young Adult