icodextrin and Heart-Failure

The impact of icodextrin (ico) on peritoneal dialysis (PD) extension and patient survival is well established. Predominantly, ico-based solutions were prescribed in high-transporter PD patients. Advantages of the ico-based solutions include increased biocompatibility, avoidance of glucotoxicity, enhanced ultrafiltration failure (UF), sodium removal rates, better metabolic and blood pressure control. Bimodal solutions and twice daily exchanges of ico-based solutions are two newly introduced strategies to avoid glucose exposure and/or enhance UF in PD patients with UF failure. In addition, a simplified schedule of PD using a single nocturnal exchange of ico in patients with refractory congestive heart failure may represent an alternative option to manage fluid removal and azotaemia. The use of a simplified schedule of PD with only two ico exchanges or a single ico exchange is a challenging approach for end-stage renal disease patients with preserved residual function who desire to initiate PD.

Topics: Dialysis Solutions; Glucans; Glucose; Heart Failure; Humans; Icodextrin; Peritoneal Dialysis; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

About 5% of patients with heart failure (HF) reach the end-stage of disease, becoming refractory to therapy. The clinical course of end-stage HF is characterized by repeated hospitalizations, severe symptoms, and poor quality of life. Peritoneal ultrafiltration (PUF), removing water and sodium (Na+), can benefit patients with end-stage HF. However, effects on fluid and electrolyte removal have not been fully characterized. In this pilot study in patients with chronic HF and moderate chronic renal failure, we evaluated the effects of water and sodium removal through PUF on ventricular remodeling, re-hospitalization, and quality of life. Patients with end-stage HF (NYHA class IV, ≥3 HF hospitalization/year despite optimal therapy), not eligible for heart transplantation underwent peritoneal catheter positioning and began a single-day exchange with icodextrin at night (n=6), or 1-2 daily exchanges with hypertonic solution (3.86%) for 2 hours with 1.5-2 L fill volume (n=3). At baseline, average ultrafiltration was 500±200 ml with icodextrin, and 700±100 ml with hypertonic solution. Peritoneal excretion of Na+ was greater with icodextrin (68±4 mEq/exchange) compared to hypertonic solution (45±19 mEq/exchange). After a median 12-month follow-up, rehospitalizations decreased, while NYHA class and quality of life (by Minnesota Living with HF questionnaire), improved. In end-stage HF patients, PUF reduced re-hospitalization and improved quality of life. It can be an additional treatment to control volume and sodium balance.

Topics: Heart Failure; Humans; Icodextrin; Peritoneal Dialysis; Pilot Projects; Quality of Life; Sodium; Ultrafiltration

Icodextrin can enhance ultrafiltration and consequently improve fluid balance and can control blood pressure and reduce left ventricular mass for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. This study investigated whether icodextrin use could reduce the risk of congestive heart failure (CHF) for PD patients.. From the Taiwan National Health Insurance database, we identified 5462 newly diagnosed end-stage renal disease patients undergoing PD from 2005 to 2010. Incidence rates and hazard ratio of CHF were estimated for patients with and without icodextrin treatment by the end of 2011.. Among PD patients, icodextrin users had an overall 26% lower incidence of CHF than non-users (13.7 vs 18.6 per 1000 person-years). Relatively, the adjusted hazard ratio was 0.67 (95% CI = 0.52-0.87) for users compared with non-users. Among PD patients with diabetes, the incident CHF in icodextrin users was 37.5% lower than that in non-users (17.8 vs 28.5 per 1000 person-years). Among PD patients without diabetes, the incident CHF in icodextrin users was 30.4% lower than that in non-users (11.0 vs 15.8 per 1000 person-years).. Icodextrin solution could reduce the risk of new-onset CHF, particularly effective when diabetic PD patients use it.

Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus; Dialysis Solutions; Female; Heart Failure; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Icodextrin; Incidence; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Middle Aged; Peritoneal Dialysis; Proportional Hazards Models; Taiwan; Water-Electrolyte Balance

We present a case of successful peritoneal ultrafiltration (pUF) treatment in a 60 year-old patient diagnosed with diuretic-resistant congestive heart failure fulfilling the criteria for type 2 cardio-renal syndrome. Six months of pUF treatment with one daily dialysis exchange with icodextrin as an osmotic agent resulted in better functional status (from IV to II/III NYHA class), quality of life and improvement of haemodynamic parameters measured by impedance cardiography. During the follow-up (six months), pUF was well tolerated by the patient and he did not require hospitalisation for decompensated heart failure.

Topics: Diuretics; Drug Resistance; Glucans; Glucose; Heart Failure; Hemodiafiltration; Hemodialysis Solutions; Humans; Icodextrin; Male; Middle Aged; Peritoneal Dialysis

Refractory congestive heart failure (RCHF), due to its high mortality and hospitalization rates, is a growing health problem. In this study, as an alternative and/or supportive treatment to conventional medical therapies, we have evaluated the clinical value of peritoneal ultrafiltration, performed as a single daily exchange with icodextrin or conventional dextrose-based peritoneal dialysis solutions, in elderly patients with RCHF.. This was an observational study of 6 elderly patients with RCHF and non-terminal chronic kidney disease (CKD). Their mean age was 72.8 ± 4.9 years. Four of the six patients had NYHA class 4 and two had NYHA class 3 RCHF and a medical history of 18.6 ± 14.9 days/year hospitalization on average, due to decompensated congestive heart failure (CHF). Their baseline glomerular filtration rate, as calculated by the MDRD formula was 49.4 ± 14.6 mL/min/1.73 m(2). During hospitalization, patients were initially treated with several sessions of continuous veno-venous hemofiltration and, following the achievement of hemodynamic stabilization, peritoneal ultrafiltration was initiated as the maintenance ultrafiltration modality. Patients were followed up monthly in terms of their clinical status, hospitalization rates, weight changes, serum sodium levels, and renal function. Echocardiographic changes were also evaluated every 3 months.. All patients tolerated peritoneal ultrafiltration well, their functional status improved by 1 or 2 NYHA classes to reach a mean of NYHA class 2 CHF status. During the follow-up period, with a mean daily ultrafiltration rate of 850 ± 176 mL, no hospitalization for decompensated CHF or acute renal failure was required. The patients' renal function was well preserved, with a mean GFR of 49 ± 14.6 mL/min/1.73 m(2) at baseline and 51.6 ± 22.9 mL/min/1.73 m(2) at the 6th month of the study. Additionally, their mean serum sodium levels increased from 128 ± 5.7 mEq/L to 138 ± 5 mEq/L. Echocardiographic evaluation did not show any significant changes during the observation period. No peritonitis or other non-infectious complication of chronic peritoneal dialysis was seen in any of the patients.. Peritoneal ultrafiltration seems to be an efficient and safe procedure and a treatment of choice in elderly patients with RCHF without non-terminal CKD. Peritoneal ultrafiltration improves the quality of life and the effort capacity, and reduces hospitalization rates due to decompensated heart failure and acute renal failure.

Topics: Aged; Dialysis Solutions; Echocardiography; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glucans; Glucose; Heart Failure; Hospitalization; Humans; Icodextrin; Male; Peritoneal Dialysis; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Retrospective Studies; Sodium; Ultrafiltration

Over a period of 6.5 years, we treated 19 patients, all of whom suffered from severe heart failure and various stages of chronic kidney disease, excluding those with end-stage kidney failure. Before peritoneal catheter implantation, all patients had ascites, dyspnea, orthopnea, and an ejection fraction ranging from 20 to 45%. Seven of them (7/19) were able to take care of themselves, 9/19 needed assistance for their daily activities, and the remaining 3 were bedridden. All of them needed hospitalization 1 - 3 times/month during the year before the initiation of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). With peritoneal dialysis, daily ultrafiltrate volume ranged from 500 to 3,000 ml and, after an average of 2 months of peritoneal dialysis, body weight decreased significantly (74.7 ± 13 vs. 69.7 ± 10.2, p = 0.02). At the same time, diuresis improved significantly, and this allowed a reduction in the dose of diuretics. Dyspnea and orthopnea improved significantly in all patients. The patients' degree of self-care and ability to sleep lying flat improved significantly as the need for hospitalization declined. Before peritoneal dialysis, patients were hospitalized for 5 - 20 days/month for pulmonary edema or overhydration, whereas with peritoneal dialysis, nobody was hospitalized for these causes (chi2, p = 0.0001). Ejection fraction also improved in all of them (28.6 ± 8.6 vs. 36.8 ± 12.5%, p = 0.0001). Actual survival of our patients ranged from 6 to 86 months (mean ± SD = 24.6 ± 20.8). Actuarial survival was 68% at 1 year and 42% at 2 years. During peritoneal dialysis we observed only two episodes of peritonitis. Four patients developed a severe episode of hypotension during implantation of the catheters from the sudden removal of 4 - 6 l of ascitic fluid. We conclude that peritoneal dialysis is a good method for the treatment of congestive heart failure because it increases the quality of life and life expectancy in patients with poor prognosis.

Topics: Actuarial Analysis; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Glucans; Glucose; Heart Failure; Hemodialysis Solutions; Humans; Icodextrin; Middle Aged; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Stroke Volume; Survival Analysis; Treatment Outcome

This report describes the use of continuous peritoneal dialysis (PD) as an alternative to hemodialysis (HD) in a patient with type 2 cardiorenal syndrome in the course of congestive heart failure resistant to standard pharmacological treatment. A 39-year-old man presented with a 24-year history of progressive heart failure. Ineligibility for heart transplant and previous inefficient treatment with different modifications of HD reduced his treatment options to PD. After 7 months of continuous PD (1 overnight exchange with icodextrin and 2 daily standard continuous ambulatory PD exchanges) his overall condition significantly improved compared with his status while on HD. An increase from NYHA class IV to class II, increase in left ventricular ejection fraction from 50% to 55%, decrease in right ventricular systolic pressure from 73 to 53 mmHg, and improvement in the quality of life enabled him to resume his daily activities.

Topics: Adult; Glucans; Glucose; Heart Failure; Hemodialysis Solutions; Humans; Icodextrin; Male; Peritoneal Dialysis; Treatment Outcome

Congestive heart failure (CHF), mainly because of ischemic heart disease, is becoming a common medical problem. As CHF worsens and reaches New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV, many patients can become refractory to medical therapy, especially those who are elderly or who have pre-existing non uremic chronic renal failure. For such patients, quality of life, morbidity, and mortality are expected to be bad. Our objective in the present study was to make a preliminary assessment of the usefulness of icodextrin administered in a single nocturnal peritoneal exchange to patients nonrespondent to the maximal conventional medical therapy. We studied two patients (aged 80 and 87 years), who were affected by severe dilatative cardiomyopathy and moderate-to-severe chronic renal failure. After at least 12 months of treatment, we observed a significant improvement in quality of life and a reduction in morbidity and hospitalization in both patients. Both patients also significantly increased their creatinine clearance. One patient maintained ejection fraction stability (22%-->27%); the other experienced an increase in ejection fraction to 50%from 25%. These preliminary observations suggest that a single nocturnal exchange with icodextrin can be an effective treatment in patients affected by refractory CHF and moderate-to-severe chronic renal failure.

Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Female; Glucans; Glucose; Heart Failure; Hemodialysis Solutions; Hemodialysis, Home; Humans; Icodextrin; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Peritoneal Dialysis; Ultrafiltration