i(3)so3-galactosylceramide and Nutrition-Disorders

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain; Brain Stem; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Cerebrosides; Child Development; Cholesterol; DNA; Female; Fetal Diseases; Gangliosides; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Infant Nutrition Disorders; Infant, Newborn; Intellectual Disability; Intelligence; Myelin Sheath; Nutrition Disorders; Organ Size; Phospholipids; Pregnancy; Rats; Sulfoglycosphingolipids

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; DNA; Dopamine; Female; Gangliosides; Gestational Age; Humans; Intelligence; Myelin Sheath; Neuroglia; Neurons; Norepinephrine; Nutrition Disorders; Organ Size; Pregnancy; Proteins; Rats; Sulfoglycosphingolipids; Thyroid Gland; Time Factors

Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain; Cats; Cell Membrane; Cerebrosides; Electrophoresis, Disc; Gangliosides; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Microscopy, Electron; Microsomes; Mitochondria; Myelin Sheath; Nucleotidases; Nutrition Disorders; Optic Nerve; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Rats; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Sulfoglycosphingolipids; Sulfur Isotopes; Synaptic Membranes; Synaptic Transmission; Synaptic Vesicles; Thyroxine; Time Factors

Incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA and of [35S]sulfate into sulfatides of oligodendroglial cells isolated from brain slices incubated with the radioactive precursor was studied in normal and malnourished rats at different ages. The pattern and the values of incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA were similar in both groups of animals. The maximum value of incorporation was observed at 7 days of age decreasing rapidly thereafter and leveling off between 18-21 days. In both groups of animals labeling of sulfatides attained a maximum at 18 days of age, showing similar values of incorporation up to that age. However, at 21 days of age; the values corresponding to malnourished rats were found to be 40% lower in comparison to controls. The results suggest that (a) proliferation of oligodendroglial cells stops at similar ages in normal and malnourished rats, (b) expression of sulfatide synthesis by oligodendroglial cells is similar in both groups of animals up to 18 days, and (c) the starved rats seem to be unable to maintain a normal synthesis of these galactolipids throughout the entire period of active myelinogenesis.

Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Brain; Cell Division; DNA; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Neuroglia; Nutrition Disorders; Oligodendroglia; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sulfates; Sulfoglycosphingolipids; Thymidine

Brain slices from 18 day old normal and malnourished rats were incubated in the presence of [35S]sulfate to explore its incorporation into sulfatides of a total brain homogenate and the appearance of labeled sulfatides in different subcellular fractions. While the incorporation of label into sulfatides of the total homogenate was similar in both groups of animals, in subcellular fractions separated on a linear sucrose density gradient, labeling of sulfatides in malnourished animals was relatively higher in the region corresponding to the microsomal fraction. Time course incorporation and pulse-chase experiments were carried out to explore the kinetics of labeling of microsomal and myelin sulfatides. In pulse-chase experiments, normal controls showed a decrease in the specific radioactivity of sulfatides in the microsomal fraction after the chase, which was not observed in malnourished animals, while the appearance of labeled sulfatides in the myelin fraction of the latter group of animals was found to be lower than in normals. These results suggest that in neonatal malnutrition there is a defect in the transport of de novo synthesized sulfatides towards myelin or/and a problem in the assembly of these lipids into the myelin membrane.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Male; Microsomes; Myelin Sheath; Nutrition Disorders; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sulfoglycosphingolipids

The action of neonatal hypothyroidism and early undernutrition on the lipid and protein composition, as well as, on the activity of 2'3' cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphohydrolase was studied in different subcellular fractions isolated from 20 day old hypothyroid and undernourished rats. Based on protein content, a marked decrease (70%) in the recovery of myelin was observed in both experimental conditions. The lipid composition of myelin in both groups was, however, different; while cholesterol, total phospholipids, and total galactolipids decreased in a similar fashion in the two situations; sulfatides and plasmalogens were much more affected in hypothyroid rats.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Body Weight; Brain; Female; Gangliosides; Hypothyroidism; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Nutrition Disorders; Organ Size; Phospholipids; Rats; Sulfoglycosphingolipids

Topics: Autopsy; Body Constitution; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Cerebellar Cortex; Cerebral Cortex; Cerebrosides; Child; Cholesterol; Gangliosides; Glycolipids; Humans; Hypoxia; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Nutrition Disorders; Phospholipids; Pierre Robin Syndrome; Proteins; Sulfoglycosphingolipids