hydroxyindoleacetic acid and Disease Models, Animal

hydroxyindoleacetic acid has been researched along with Disease Models, Animal in 218 studies

(5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.

Disease Models, Animal: Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.

Research

Studies (218)

Authors

Clinical Trials (4)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Change of Diastolic Blood Pressure (BP) in Response to the TSST

Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on reduction of the increase of the diastolic BP in response to the TSST compared to placebo. (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: 3 minutes before the TSST and 1 minute after the TSST after 5 weeks of study product intake

Change of Mood Scale Scores Over the Course of the Treatment

"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the increase of mood scale scores over the course of the treatment~Measured with a daily online diary. Mood was rated by participants on an 11-point scale (0-10; very bad to very well) and monitored through the washout phase (week 1 and 2) and the subsequent treatment phase (weeks 3-7). Higher scores indicate a better mood. Efficacy is defined as an increase, or (in case of a general decrease) reduced decrease for the active treatment group as compared to the placebo group and operationalized as the interaction between time and treatment group. Time is coded as a continuous variable with one average value for each week and participant. Values reflect summary measures for mood ratings on a scale from 0 to 10 for the averaged ratings per participant and week." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Daily for 2 weeks before treatment intake and 5 weeks during treatment intake

Change of Perceived Health Status Scores Over the Course of the Treatment

"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the increase of perceived health status scores over the course of the treatment.~Measured with a daily online diary. Health status was rated by participants on an 11-point scale (0-10; not at all to very) and monitored through the wash-out phase (week 1 and 2) and the subsequent treatment phase (weeks 3-7). Higher scores indicate a high perceived health.Efficacy is defined as an increase, or (in case of a general decrease) reduced decrease for the active treatment group as compared to the placebo group and operationalized as the interaction between time and treatment group. Time is coded as a continuous variable with one value for each day and participant. Values reflect summary measures for perceived health status on a scale from 0 to 10 for the averaged ratings per participant and week." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Daily for 2 weeks before treatment intake and 5 weeks during treatment intake

Change of Perceived Productivity Scores Over the Course of the Treatment

"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the increase of perceived productivity scores over the course of the treatment~Measured with a daily online diary. Productivity was rated by participants on an 11-point scale (0-10; not at all to very) and monitored through the wash-out phase (week 1 and 2) and the subsequent treatment phase (weeks 3-7). Higher scores indicate a higher perceived productivity. Efficacy is defined as an increase, or (in case of a general decrease) reduced decrease for the active treatment group as compared to the placebo group and operationalized as the interaction between time and treatment group.Time is coded as a continuous variable with one value for each day and participant. The values reflect summary measures for perceived productivity on a scale from 0 to 10 for the averaged ratings per participant and week." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Daily for 2 weeks before treatment intake and 5 weeks during treatment intake

Change of Reported Number of Sleep Disruptions Over the Course of the Treatment

"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the decrease of reported number of sleep disruptions over the course of the treatment measured with a daily online diary (mean of week summary).~Sleep disruptions were monitored through the wash-out phase (Week 1 and 2) and the subsequent treatment phase (Weeks 3-7). In the count version, the value can be 0 or a natural number for each day and each participant. Efficacy is defined as a decrease, or (in case of a general increase) reduced increase for the active treatment group as compared to the placebo group and operationalized as the interaction between time and treatment group. Time is coded as a continuous variable with one value for each day and participant. Values reflect summary measures for sleep disruptions (count) for the summed counts per participant and week." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Daily for 2 weeks before treatment intake and 5 weeks during treatment intake

Change of Reported Sleep Disruptions Over the Course of the Treatment by Week (Proportion Yes/Total)

"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the decrease of sleep disruptions over the course of the treatment measured with a daily online diary (Proportion (yes/total)).~Sleep disruptions were monitored through the wash-out phase and the subsequent treatment phase for each week. In the binary version, the value is either Yes or No for each day and each participant.~Efficacy is defined as a decrease, or (in case of a general increase) reduced increase for the active treatment group as compared to the placebo group and operationalized as the interaction between time and treatment group. Time is coded as a continuous variable with one value for each day and participant.~The proportion of participants with at least one sleep disruption by treatment group is given, treatment commenced after week 2. Data listed here reflect the proportion of participants who answered Yes (e.g. 0,477 * 44 = 20.99 participants answered with Yes in week 1 in the Lpc-37 group)." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Daily for 2 weeks before treatment intake and 5 weeks during treatment intake

Change of sAA in Response to the TSST

Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on reduction of the increase of salivary Alpha-Amylase (sAA) in response to the TSST compared to placebo. (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: 1 minute before the TSST and 1, 10, 20, 30 and 45 minutes after the TSST after 5 weeks of study product intake

Change of Salivary Cortisol in Response to the TSST

Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on reduction of the increase of salivary cortisol in response to the TSST compared to placebo. (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: 1 minute before the TSST and 1, 10, 20, 30 and 45 minutes after the TSST after 5 weeks of study product intake

Change of Sleep Duration Over the Course of the Treatment

"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the increase of sleep duration over the course of the treatment.~Sleep duration was monitored through the wash-out phase (week 1 and 2) and the subsequent treatment phase (weeks 3-7). Efficacy is defined as an increase, or (in case of a general decrease) reduced decrease for the active treatment group as compared to the placebo group and operationalized as the interaction between time and treatment group. Time is coded as a continuous variable with one value for each day and participant. Summary measures for Sleep duration for the averaged ratings per participant and week" (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Daily for 2 weeks before treatment intake and 5 weeks during treatment intake

Change of Sleep Related Recovery Scores Over the Course of the Treatment

"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the increase of sleep related recovery scores over the course of the treatment.~Measured with a daily online diary. Sleep related recovery was rated by participants on an 11-point scale (0-10; not at all to very) and monitored throughout the wash-out phase (Week 1 and 2) and the subsequent treatment phase (weeks 3-7). High scores indicate a high recovery.~Efficacy is defined as an increase, or (in case of a general decrease) reduced decrease for the active treatment group as compared to the placebo group and operationalized as the interaction between time and treatment group. Time is coded as a continuous variable with one value for each day and participant. Summary measures for sleep related recovery for the averaged ratings per participant and week." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Daily for 2 weeks before treatment intake and 5 weeks during treatment intake

Change of STAI-State Scores in Response to the TSST

"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on reduction of the increase of STAI-State scores in response to the TSST compared to placebo.~Measured with the german version of the State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory, scale anxiety as a temporary emotional state (STAI-X1). Answers are given on a four-point rating scale ranging from 1=not at all to 4=very true. The score range is 20-80; Higher scores indicate more anxiety." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: 10 minutes before the TSST and 1 minute after the TSST after 5 weeks of study product intake

Change of Systolic BP in Response to the TSST

Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on reduction of the increase of the systolic BP in response to the TSST compared to placebo. (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: 3 minutes before the TSST and 1 minute after the TSST after 5 weeks of study product intake

Change of the Heart Rate (HR) in Response to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST)

Efficacy was defined as a lower increase in HR in response to the TSST following intervention with Lpc-37, compared to placebo. (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Continuous measurement starting 20 minutes before and ending 20 minutes after the TSST after 5 weeks of product intake. Mean values were calculated per group at seven-time windows before, during and after the TSST

Change of VAS Anxiety Scores in Response to the TSST

"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on reduction of the increase of VAS anxiety scores in response to the TSST compared to placebo.~Measured with a german version of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) as a 10cm bipolar scale ranging from not at all to highly. The participant indicated his/her actual perception by placing a mark on a line. VAS scores were obtained by using a ruler and measuring the position of the participants's mark with millimeter precision. To control for possible variations due to printing, the total length of the line was also measured and percentage scores for each participant were computed. Percentage scores range from 0-100. Higher scores indicating greater anxiety." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: 10 minutes before the TSST, during the TSST and 1 minute after the TSST after 5 weeks of study product intake

Change of VAS Exhaustion Scores in Response to the TSST

"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on reduction of the increase of VAS exhaustion scores in response to the TSST compared to placebo.~Measured with a german version of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) as a 10cm bipolar scale ranging from not at all to highly. The participant indicated his/her actual perception by placing a mark on a line. VAS scores were obtained by using a ruler and measuring the position of the participants's mark with millimeter precision. To control for possible variations due to printing, the total length of the line was also measured and percentage scores for each participant were computed. Percentage scores range from 0-100. Higher scores indicating greater exhaustion." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: 10 minutes before the TSST, during the TSST and 1 minute after the TSST after 5 weeks of study product intake

Change of VAS Insecurity Scores in Response to the TSST

"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on reduction of the increase of VAS insecurity scores in response to the TSST compared to placebo.~Measured with a german version of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) as a 10cm bipolar scale ranging from not at all to highly. The participant indicated his/her actual perception by placing a mark on a line. VAS scores were obtained by using a ruler and measuring the position of the participants's mark with millimeter precision. To control for possible variations due to printing, the total length of the line was also measured and percentage scores for each participant were computed. Percentage scores range from 0-100. Higher scores indicating greater insecurity." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: 10 minutes before the TSST, during the TSST and 1 minute after the TSST after 5 weeks of study product intake

Change of VAS Stress Perception Scores in Response to the TSST

"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on reduction of the increase of VAS Stress perception scores in response to the TSST compared to placebo.~Measured with a german version of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) as a 10cm bipolar scale ranging from not at all to highly. The participant indicated his/her actual perception by placing a mark on a line. VAS scores were obtained by using a ruler and measuring the position of the participants's mark with millimeter precision. To control for possible variations due to printing, the total length of the line was also measured and percentage scores for each participant were computed. Percentage scores range from 0-100. Higher scores indicating higher perceived stress." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: 10 minutes before the TSST, during the TSST and 1 minute after the TSST after 5 weeks of study product intake

Changes in Pre and Post Treatment BAI Scores

"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the reduction of Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) scores compared to placebo.~Measured with the german version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory as a self-rating scale designed to measure anxiety. It comprises 21 sentences describing feelings that can occur when being anxious. These sentences are rated on a four-point rating scale ranging from 0=not at all to 3=severely, considering the last 7 days. The score range is 0-63; Higher scores indicate higher anxiety." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Before and after 5 weeks of study product intake.

Changes in Pre and Post Treatment DASS Anxiety Scores

"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the reduction of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) anxiety scores compared to placebo.~Measured with the german version of the DASS as a 42-item self report instrument designed to measure negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress during the past week. The DASS includes three scales (depression, anxiety and stress) of which each scale includes 14 items that are divided into subscales of 2-5 items of similar content.~Items are answered on a four point rating scale ranging from 0 = not at all to 3 = very much. Scores of each scale are calculated by summing the scores for the relevant items.~The anxiety scale assesses autonomic arousal, skeletal muscle effects, situational anxiety, and subjective experience of anxious affect. The items are 2, 4, 7, 9, 15, 19, 20, 23, 25, 28, 30, 36, 40, 41 and individual scores can range from 0 to 42 with higher scores indicating greater severity of the symptoms." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Before and after 5 weeks of study product intake.

Changes in Pre and Post Treatment DASS Depression Scores

"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the reduction of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) depression scores compared to placebo.~Measured with the german version of the DASS as a 42-item self report instrument designed to measure negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress during the past week. The DASS includes three scales (depression, anxiety and stress) of which each scale includes 14 items that are divided into subscales of 2-5 items of similar content.~Items are answered on a four point rating scale ranging from 0 = not at all to 3 = very much. Scores of each scale are calculated by summing the scores for the relevant items.~The Depression scale assesses dysphoria, hopelessness, devaluation of life, self-deprecation, lack of interest/involvement, anhedonia, and inertia. The items are 3, 5, 10, 13, 16, 17, 21, 24, 26, 31, 34, 37, 38, 42 and individual scores can range from 0 to 42 with higher scores indicating greater severity of the symptoms." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Before and after 5 weeks of study product intake.

Changes in Pre and Post Treatment DASS Stress Scores

"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the reduction of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) stress scores compared to placebo.~Measured with the german version of the DASS as a 42-item self report instrument designed to measure negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress during the past week. The DASS includes three scales (depression, anxiety and stress) of which each scale includes 14 items that are divided into subscales of 2-5 items of similar content.~Items are answered on a four point rating scale ranging from 0 = not at all to 3 = very much. Scores of each scale are calculated by summing the scores for the relevant items.~The stress scale (items) is sensitive to levels of chronic non-specific arousal.The stress scale items are 1, 6, 8, 11, 12, 14, 18, 22, 27, 29, 32, 33, 35, 39 and individual scores can range from 0 to 42 with higher scores indicating greater severity of the symptoms." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Before and after 5 weeks of study product intake.

Changes in Pre and Post Treatment Diastolic BP

Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the reduction of diastolic BP. (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Before and after 5 weeks of study product intake.

Changes in Pre and Post Treatment Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) Scores

"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the reduction of Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) scores compared to placebo.~Measured with the german version of the PSS as a psychological instrument for measuring stress perception. It assesses how unpredictable, uncontrollable and overloaded participants perceived their lives to have been within the last month. The PSS comprises 14 items that are answered on a five-point rating scale ranging from 0 = never to 4 = very often. Individual scores on the PSS can range from 0 to 56 with higher scores indicating higher perceived stress." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Before and after 5 weeks of study product intake.

Changes in Pre and Post Treatment STAI-state Scores

"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the reduction of State-Trait-Anxiety-Inventory (STAI)-state scores compared to placebo.~Measured with the german version of the State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory, scale anxiety as a temporary emotional state (STAI-X1). Answers are given on a four-point rating scale ranging from 1=not at all to 4=very true. The score range is 20-80; Higher scores indicate more anxiety." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Before and after 5 weeks of study product intake.

Changes in Pre and Post Treatment Systolic BP

Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the reduction of systolic blood pressure (BP). (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Before and after 5 weeks of study product intake.

Changes in Pre and Post Treatment VAS Anxiety Scores

"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the reduction of VAS anxiety scores compared to placebo.~Measured with a german version of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) as a 10cm bipolar scale ranging from not at all to highly. The participant indicated his/her actual perception by placing a mark on a line. VAS scores were obtained by using a ruler and measuring the position of the participants's mark with millimeter precision. To control for possible variations due to printing, the total length of the line was also measured and percentage scores for each participant were computed. Percentage scores range from 0-100. Higher scores indicating greater anxiety." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Before and after 5 weeks of study product intake.

Changes in Pre and Post Treatment VAS Exhaustion Scores

"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the reduction of VAS exhaustion scores compared to placebo.~Measured with a german version of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) as a 10cm bipolar scale ranging from not at all to highly. The participant indicated his/her actual perception by placing a mark on a line. VAS scores were obtained by using a ruler and measuring the position of the participants's mark with millimeter precision. To control for possible variations due to printing, the total length of the line was also measured and percentage scores for each participant were computed. Percentage scores range from 0-100. Higher scores indicating greater exhaustion." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Before and after 5 weeks of study product intake.

Changes in Pre and Post Treatment VAS Insecurity Scores

"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the reduction of VAS insecurity scores compared to placebo.~Measured with a german version of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) as a 10cm bipolar scale ranging from not at all to highly. The participant indicated his/her actual perception by placing a mark on a line. VAS scores were obtained by using a ruler and measuring the position of the participants's mark with millimeter precision. To control for possible variations due to printing, the total length of the line was also measured and percentage scores for each participant were computed. Percentage scores range from 0-100. Higher scores indicating greater insecurity." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Before and after 5 weeks of study product intake.

Changes in Pre and Post Treatment VAS Stress Perception Scores

"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the reduction of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) stress perception scores compared to placebo.~Measured with a german version of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) as a 10cm bipolar scale ranging from not at all to highly. The participant indicated his/her actual perception by placing a mark on a line. VAS scores were obtained by using a ruler and measuring the position of the participants's mark with millimeter precision. To control for possible variations due to printing, the total length of the line was also measured and percentage scores for each participant were computed. Percentage scores range from 0-100. Higher scores indicating higher perceived stress." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Before and after 5 weeks of study product intake.

The Change of the Difference From Baseline and 5 Weeks of Treatment to the Respective Mean of CAR 8pm Measures

"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the reduction of the difference of cortisol at 8 pm values to the respective mean before and after 5 weeks of treatment~Efficacy for the CAR variable cortisol at 8 pm is defined in terms of a normalization: Number of participants with normal values (between first and third quantile of reference measures) and numbers of participants with low or high values are compared before treatment and after treatment. More participants in the normal range after treatment is defined as efficacy." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Baseline (average of 2 days before first product intake) and end of study (average of 2 days before last product intake

The Change of the Difference From Baseline and 5 Weeks of Treatment to the Respective Mean of CAR AUCg Measures

"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the reduction of the difference of Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) area under the curve with respect to the ground (AUCg) values to the respective mean before and after 5 weeks of treatment.~The CAR is summarized in the variables AUCg, AUCi, mean increase and peak value. These cortisol indices are frequently used to describe hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and represent information either of the total cortisol production or of the change in cortisol levels. AUCg is the total area under the curve of all measurements (i.e., the intensity or magnitude of the response).~Efficacy for the CAR variables AUCg is defined in terms of a normalization: Number of participants with normal values (between first and third quantile of reference measures) and numbers of participants with low or high values are compared before treatment and after treatment. More participants in the normal range after treatment is defined as efficacy." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Baseline (average of 2 days before first product intake) and end of study (average of 2 days before last product intake)

The Change of the Difference From Baseline and 5 Weeks of Treatment to the Respective Mean of Cortisol at Awakening Measures

"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the reduction of the difference of Cortisol at Awakening values to the respective mean before and after 5 weeks of treatment~Efficacy for the CAR variable cortisol at awakening is defined in terms of a normalization: Number of participants with normal values (between first and third quantile of reference measures) and numbers of participants with low or high values are compared before treatment and after treatment. More participants in the normal range after treatment is defined as efficacy." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Baseline (average of 2 days before first product intake) and end of study (average of 2 days before last product intake)

The Change of the Difference From Baseline and 5 Weeks of Treatment to the Respective Mean of Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) AUCi Measures

"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the reduction of the difference of CAR area under the curve with respect to the increase (AUCi) values to the respective mean before and after the treatment.~The CAR is summarized in the variables AUCg, AUCi, mean increase and peak value. These cortisol indices are frequently used to describe hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and represent information either of the total cortisol production or of the change in cortisol levels. AUCi is calculated with reference to the baseline measurement and it ignores the distance from zero for all measurements and emphasizes the changes over time. Efficacy for the CAR variables AUCi is defined in terms of a normalization: Number of participants with normal values (between first and third quantile of reference measures) and numbers of participants with low or high values are compared before treatment and after treatment. More participants in the normal range after treatment is defined as efficacy." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Baseline (average of 2 days before first product intake) and end of study (average of 2 days before last product intake)

Cumulative Percent Adherence of Medication Events Monitoring (MEMs) Cap

To evaluate the adherence of lorcaserin vs. placebo, the investigators measured adherence as the frequency of taking the study drug as measured by the number of MEMS cap openings (wireless medication monitoring devices that record each opening as a real-time medication event). Cumulative percent adherence was calculated by dividing the frequency of openings at a given time point divided by the number of days since baseline. (NCT03192995)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Mean Percentage of Weekly Follow-up Visits of Randomized Study Participants

To determine the feasibility of retaining individuals on lorcaserin vs. placebo, the investigators have calculated the mean weekly percentage of follow-up visits of those randomized in the study (NCT03192995)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Proportion of Self-reported Past Week Cocaine Use Among Lorcaserin and Placebo Groups at Baseline and at 12 Weeks

The outcome measure determines the proportion of self-reported past week cocaine use by Time-Line-Follow-back (TLFB) among lorcaserin and placebo groups at Baseline and at 12 weeks. (NCT03192995)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Proportion of Urine-positive Samples With Cocaine Positivity Among Lorcaserin and Placebo Groups at Baseline and at Week 12

The outcome measure determines the proportion of urine-positive samples with cocaine positivity among lorcaserin and placebo groups at Baseline and at Week 12 (NCT03192995)
Timeframe: Week 12

Executive Function Composite Score Comparing Visit 2 (Week 0) to Visits 5 (Week 12) & 6 (Week 15) for the Citalopram Cohort Versus Placebo Cohort.

Full Scale Name: The Executive Composite Score (ECS). Definition: Subscales were averaged to compute this composite total score. The ECS is the weighted average of performance on 6 subtests of executive function, including (1) the Controlled Oral Word Association Test, (2) Symbol Digit Modalities test; (3) Stroop Color Word Test (Interference Trial), (4) Trail Making test (Part B), (5) Letter-Number Sequencing, and (6) Animal Naming. Construct Measured: Thinking tasks involving planning, working memory, attention, problem solving, verbal reasoning, inhibition, mental flexibility, and task switching. ECS Scale Range: The ECS score ranges from -5 to +5 on a standardized (Z) score scale, where lower scores indicate poorer performance on executive functioning tasks. Change Calculation Details: Compares change in executive functioning performance from visit 2 (week 0) to the weighted average of visits 5 (week 12) & 6 (week 15) for the citalopram versus placebo cohort. (NCT00271596)
Timeframe: after 15 weeks of treatment

Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression Comparing Screening (Intake Visit) to Visit 6 (Week 15) for the Citalopram Cohort Versus Placebo Cohort

Full Scale Name: Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). Definition: The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression is a clinician-administered multiple item questionnaire used to provide an indication of depression. Construct Measured: Depression. HAM-D Score Range: Raw scores may range from 0 to 54, where higher scores indicate worsening mood. Change Calculation Details: Compares change in mood from screening (intake visit) to visit 6 (week 15) for the citalopram versus placebo cohort. (NCT00271596)
Timeframe: after 15 weeks of treatment

Letter Number Sequencing Score Comparing Visit 2 (Week 0) to Visits 5 (Week 12) & 6 (Week 15) for the Citalopram Cohort Versus Placebo Cohort

Full Scale Name: Letter Number Sequencing (LNS) subtest from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) third edition. Definition: LNS is a task that requires the reordering of an initially unordered set of letters and numbers. Construct Measured: Working memory. LNS Score Range: Raw scores may range from 0 to 21, where lower scores indicate poorer performance in working memory. Change Calculation Details: Compares change in working memory performance from visit 2 (week 0) to the weighted average of visits 5 (week 12) & 6 (week 15) for the citalopram versus placebo cohort. (NCT00271596)
Timeframe: after 15 weeks of treatment

Semantic Fluency Score Comparing Visit 2 (Week 0) to Visits 5 (Week 12) & 6 (Week 15) for the Citalopram Cohort Versus Placebo Cohort

Semantic Fluency Score. Definition: The Semantic Fluency Score is the number of words a person can produce given a category, including naming (1) Animal names, (2) Fruit names, (3) Boy names, (4) Girl names, and (5) Vegetable names. Construct Measured: Working memory and verbal initiation. Scale Range: The Semantic Fluency Score ranges from -5 to +5 on a standardized (Z) score scale, where lower scores indicate poorer performance on working memory tasks. Change Calculation Details: Compares change in working memory performance from visit 2 (week 0) where patients named fruit names to the weighted average of visits 5 (week 12) & 6 (week 15) where patients named girl names and vegetable names respectively for the citalopram versus placebo cohort. (NCT00271596)
Timeframe: after 15 weeks of treatment

Stroop Interference Score Comparing Visit 2 (Week 0) to Visits 5 (Week 12) & 6 (Week 15) for the Citalopram Cohort Versus Placebo Cohort

"Full Scale Name: Stroop Interference subtest from The Stroop Color and Word Test. Definition: Participants are asked to name the ink color in which a word is printed when the word itself (which is irrelevant to the task) is the name of a different color rather than the same color. For example, participants may be asked to say red to the word blue printed in red ink. Constructs Measured: Selective attention, response inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and processing speed. Scale Range: The Stroop Interference score ranges from -5 to +5 on a standardized (Z) score scale, where lower scores indicate poorer performance. Change Calculation Details: Compares change in attention and processing speed performance from visit 2 (week 0) to the weighted average of visits 5 (week 12) and 6 (week 15) for the citalopram versus placebo cohort." (NCT00271596)
Timeframe: after 15 weeks of treatment

Subgroup Analysis of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale Comparing Screening (Intake Visit) to Visit 6 (Week 15) for the Citalopram Cohort Versus Placebo Cohort

Full Scale Name: Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). Definition: The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression is a clinician-administered multiple item questionnaire used to provide an indication of depression. Construct Measured: Depression. HAM-D Score Range: Raw scores may range from 0 to 54, where higher scores indicate worsening mood. Change Calculation Details: This analysis was restricted to a subgroup and, accordingly, does not reflect the total number of participants as reported in the Participant Flow. This analysis compares change in mood from screening (intake visit) to visit 6 (week 15) for the citalopram versus placebo cohort. (NCT00271596)
Timeframe: after 15 weeks of treatment

Symbol-Digit Modalities Score Comparing Visit 2 (Week 0) to Visits 5 (Week 12) & 6 (Week 15) for the Citalopram Cohort Versus Placebo Cohort

Full Scale Name: The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). Definition: The SDMT screens for organic cerebral dysfunction by having the examinee use a reference key to pair specific numbers with given geometric figures in 90 seconds. Construct Measured: Attention, processing speed, and working memory. SDMT Scale Range: Raw scores may range from 0 to 110, where lower scores indicate poorer performance. Change Calculation Details: Compares change in performance from visit 2 (week 0) to the weighted average of visits 5 (week 12) & 6 (week 15) for the citalopram versus placebo cohort. (NCT00271596)
Timeframe: after 15 weeks of treatment

Total Functional Capacity Score Comparing Baseline (Week -4) to Visits 4 (Week 6) & 6 (Week 15) for the Citalopram Cohort Versus Placebo Cohort

Full Scale Name: The Total Functional Capacity (TFC) subscale from the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS). Definition: The TFC is a score that classifies five stages of Huntington's Disease and five levels of function in the domains of workplace, finances, domestic chores, activities of daily living and requirements for unskilled or skilled care. Construct Measured: Activities of Daily Living. Scale Range: The TFC score ranges from 0 to 13, where lower scores indicate poorer performance in activities of daily living. Change Calculation Details: Compares change in TFC performance from Baseline (week -4) to the weighted average of visits 4 (week 6) and 6 (week 15) for the citalopram versus placebo cohort. (NCT00271596)
Timeframe: after 15 weeks of treatment

Trails B Score Comparing Visit 2 (Week 0) to Visits 5 (Week 12) & 6 (Week 15) for the Citalopram Cohort Versus Placebo Cohort

"Full Scale Name: Trail Making Test Part B (TMT-B). Definition: The TMT-B test requires participants to connect-the-dots of 25 consecutive targets on a sheet of paper where the subject alternates between numbers and letters, going in both numerical and alphabetical order. Constructs Measured: Attention, set shifting, and processing speed. Scale range: The TMT-B score ranges from -5 to +5 on a standardized (Z) score scale, where lower scores indicate poorer performance. Change Calculation Details: Compares change in attention and processing speed performance from visit 2 (week 0) to the weighted average of visits 5 (week 12) and 6 (week 15) for the citalopram versus placebo cohort." (NCT00271596)
Timeframe: after 15 weeks of treatment

Verbal Fluency Score Comparing Visit 2 (Week 0) to Visits 5 (Week 12) & 6 (Week 15) for the Citalopram Cohort Versus Placebo Cohort

Full Scale Name: The Verbal Fluency Score (VFC). Definition: The VFC is the number of words a person can produce given a letter, including (1) Naming words that start with F, A, and S; (2) naming words that start with K, W, and R; (3) naming words that start with V, I, and P; (4) naming words that start with O, G, and B; (5) naming words that start with E, N, and T; and (6) naming words that start with J, C, and S. Construct Measured: Verbal initiation and flexibility. Scale Range: The Verbal Fluency Composite Score ranges from -5 to +5 on a standardized (Z) score scale, where lower scores indicate poorer performance. Change Calculation Details: Compares change in verbal initiation and flexibility from visit 2 (week 0) where patients named words starting with O, G, and B to the weighted average of visits 5 (week 12) and 6 (week 15) where patients named words starting with E, N, and T, and J, C, and S respectively for the citalopram versus placebo cohort. (NCT00271596)
Timeframe: after 15 weeks of treatment

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