Page last updated: 2024-10-28

hydroxychloroquine and Deficiency of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase

hydroxychloroquine has been researched along with Deficiency of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in 17 studies

Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970)
hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"Case records were analyzed for G6PD deficiency, HCQ use, length of exposure to HCQ, demographic characteristics, and laboratory evidence of hemolysis."1.72Association of Hydroxychloroquine use and Hemolytic Anemia in Patients With Low Levels of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase. ( Johnson, BK; Mejia Saldarriaga, M; Ramirez de Oleo, IE, 2022)
"KEY POINTS: • COVID19 studies show higher mortality in men, due to severe pneumonia and ARDS, indicating possible X-linked mediated differences • G6PD, the most common X-linked enzymopathy, highly prevalent in African Americans and Italians, maintains redox homeostasis."1.62G6PD deficiency and severity of COVID19 pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome: tip of the iceberg? ( Ensor, J; Iyer, SP; Padmanabhan, S; Pingali, SR; Sahay, S; Youssef, G; Youssef, JG; Zahiruddin, F; Zu, Y, 2021)
"Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has its own side effects, some of which are very serious like acute haemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient patients."1.56A case report of serious haemolysis in a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient COVID-19 patient receiving hydroxychloroquine. ( Clevenbergh, P; De Bels, D; Leemans, S; Mahadeb, B; Maillart, E; Salaouatchi, MT; Van Noten, H; Vandergraesen, T, 2020)
"The growing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic initially led to widespread use of hydroxychloroquine sulfate as an off-label experimental treatment of this disease."1.56Hemolytic Anemia in a Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase-Deficient Patient Receiving Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19: A Case Report. ( Aguilar, J; Averbukh, Y, 2020)
"The leading diagnoses were systemic lupus erythematosus (32%), rheumatoid arthritis (29%), and inflammatory arthritis (14%)."1.48Examination of Hydroxychloroquine Use and Hemolytic Anemia in G6PDH-Deficient Patients. ( Clowse, MEB; Criscione-Schreiber, LG; Eudy, AM; Mohammad, S, 2018)

Research

Studies (17)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's0 (0.00)29.6817
2010's1 (5.88)24.3611
2020's16 (94.12)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Beauverd, Y1
Adam, Y1
Assouline, B1
Samii, K1
Al-Abdi, S1
Al-Aamri, M1
Naymagon, L1
Berwick, S1
Kessler, A1
Lancman, G1
Gidwani, U1
Troy, K1
Oymak, Y1
Karapinar, TH1
Devrim, İ1
Maillart, E1
Leemans, S1
Van Noten, H1
Vandergraesen, T1
Mahadeb, B1
Salaouatchi, MT1
De Bels, D1
Clevenbergh, P1
Afra, TP1
Vasudevan Nampoothiri, R1
Razmi T, M1
Ibrahim, H1
Perl, A1
Smith, D1
Lewis, T1
Kon, Z1
Goldenberg, R1
Yarta, K1
Staniloae, C1
Williams, M1
De Franceschi, L1
Costa, E1
Dima, F1
Morandi, M1
Olivieri, O1
Schilling, WHK1
Bancone, G1
White, NJ1
Chaney, S1
Basirat, A1
McDermott, R1
Keenan, N1
Moloney, E1
Ramirez de Oleo, IE1
Mejia Saldarriaga, M1
Johnson, BK1
Zuchelkowski, BE1
Wang, L1
Gingras, S1
Xu, Q1
Yang, M1
Triulzi, D1
Page, GP1
Gordeuk, VR1
Kim-Shapiro, DB1
Lee, JS1
Gladwin, MT1
Aguilar, J1
Averbukh, Y1
Youssef, JG1
Zahiruddin, F1
Youssef, G1
Padmanabhan, S1
Ensor, J1
Pingali, SR1
Zu, Y1
Sahay, S1
Iyer, SP1
Onori, ME1
Ricciardi Tenore, C1
Urbani, A1
Minucci, A1
da Rocha, JEB1
Othman, H1
Tiemessen, CT1
Botha, G1
Ramsay, M1
Masimirembwa, C1
Adebamowo, C1
Choudhury, A1
Brandenburg, JT1
Matshaba, M1
Simo, G1
Gamo, FJ1
Hazelhurst, S1
Mohammad, S1
Clowse, MEB1
Eudy, AM1
Criscione-Schreiber, LG1

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Will Hydroxychloroquine Impede or Prevent COVID-19: WHIP COVID-19 Study[NCT04341441]Phase 3624 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-04-07Terminated (stopped due to Interim analysis did not reveal any safety concerns by the DSMB, but unblinded data did not provide support to continue. Event rate did not meet projected magnitude; given low recruitment potential, it is unlikely that a positive result will occur.)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Assess the Impact of Chronic Weight-based Dosing of HCQ for COVID-19 Prevention.

Compare the rates of SARS-CoV 2 infections (number of events of symptomatic patients with a positive COVID-19 test) in the non-randomized comparator arm to the randomized hydroxychloroquine and placebo arms to assess the impact of chronic weight-based dosing of HCQ for COVID-19 prevention via weekly questionnaire and/or blood samples. This analysis includes all randomized and non-randomized groups in the study. (NCT04341441)
Timeframe: 8 Weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Study Drug - Daily Dose1
Study Drug - Weekly Dose1
Placebo1
Non-Randomized Active Comparator0

Compare the Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV 2 IgM and/or IgG Positive Samples at Study Entry and Study Conclusion in All Participants Receiving HCQ Compared to Those Receiving Placebo.

Measurement of the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV 2 IgM and/or IgG positive samples in all arms of the study, randomized and non-randomized (Study Drug - Daily Dose, Study Drug - Weekly Dose, Placebo, and Non-Randomized Active Comparator). (NCT04341441)
Timeframe: 8 Weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Study Drug - Daily Dose1
Study Drug - Weekly Dose1
Placebo2
Non-Randomized Active Comparator0

Comparison of the Emergence of Clinical Symptoms or COVID-19 Diagnosis in Participants Presenting Asymptomatically at Study Entry But Identified as Seropositive by Serology at Entry Between the Randomized Treatment Arms and Comparator Arm.

Measurement of the emergence of clinical symptoms or COVID-19 diagnosis in participants presenting asymptomatically at study entry but identified as seropositive by serology at entry between the randomized treatment arms and comparator arm and via weekly questionnaire and/or blood samples. (NCT04341441)
Timeframe: 8 Weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Study Drug - Daily Dose1
Study Drug - Weekly Dose0
Placebo0
Non-Randomized Active Comparator0

Comparison of the Rate of SARS-CoV 2 Infections as Measured by IgM/IgG Seroconversion in Study Participants Receiving Randomized HCQ Versus Placebo.

Measurement of the rate of SARS-CoV 2 infections as measured by IgM/IgG seroconversion in study participants receiving randomized HCQ versus placebo via blood samples in the randomized arms of the study (Study Drug - Daily Dose, Study Drug - Weekly Dose, and Placebo). (NCT04341441)
Timeframe: 8 Weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Study Drug - Daily Dose1
Study Drug - Weekly Dose1
Placebo2

Determine the Effect of Hydroxychloroquine Dose in the Prevention of COVID-19 Viremia and Disease.

Compare the rates of SARS-CoV 2 symptomatic infections (number of events with both symptoms and positive test for COVID-19) between the randomized hydroxychloroquine treatment arms and the placebo control arm to determine the effect of HCQ dose in the prevention of COVID-19 viremia and disease. This analysis only includes only the randomized arms in the study (Study Drug - Daily Dose, Study Drug - Weekly Dose, and Placebo). (NCT04341441)
Timeframe: 8 Weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Study Drug - Daily Dose1
Study Drug - Weekly Dose1
Placebo1

Examine the Correlation Between HCQ Drug Levels and Development of COVID-19 Symptoms or Positive COVID-19 Test Results.

Examination of the correlation between HCQ drug levels and development of COVID-19 clinical symptoms and/or positive COVID-19 test results via weekly subject questionnaire and/or blood samples. (NCT04341441)
Timeframe: 8 Weeks

InterventionCorrelation coefficient (Number)
Study Drug - Daily DoseNA
Study Drug - Weekly DoseNA
PlaceboNA
Non-Randomized Active ComparatorNA

Identify Immunologic, Serological and Inflammatory Markers Associated With Acquisition and Response to COVID-19 in Both HCQ and Placebo Participants Developing Laboratory or Clinical Confirmed Disease.

Identification of immunologic, serological and inflammatory markers associated with acquisition and response to COVID-19 in both HCQ and placebo Participants developing laboratory or clinical confirmed disease via study visits, weekly questionnaire, and blood samples. (NCT04341441)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

InterventionInflammatory markers (Number)
Study Drug - Daily DoseNA
Study Drug - Weekly DoseNA
PlaceboNA
Non-Randomized Active ComparatorNA

To Determine if the Use of Hydroxychloroquine as Preventive Therapy Decreases the Rate of Acquisition of SARS-CoV 2 Infections With Clinical COVID-19 Disease in Study Participants for Each Randomized Treatment Arm as Compared to Placebo.

The rate of acquisition of SARS-CoV 2 infections and clinical COVID-19 disease (number of events) in study participants for each randomized hydroxychloroquine treatment arm was compared to the placebo treatment arm. This included both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. (NCT04341441)
Timeframe: 8 Weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Study Drug - Daily Dose1
Study Drug - Weekly Dose1
Placebo1
Non-Randomized Active Comparator0

To Examine Other Clinical Factors Contributing to the Risk of SARS-CoV 2 Infection in Healthcare Workers and First Responders.

Examination of other clinical factors contributing to the risk of SARS-CoV 2 infection including demographics, work type and location, positive COVID-19 partners, possible exposures and clinical symptoms via study visits and weekly questionnaire. (NCT04341441)
Timeframe: 8 Weeks

InterventionClinical factors (Number)
Study Drug - Daily DoseNA
Study Drug - Weekly DoseNA
PlaceboNA
Non-Randomized Active ComparatorNA

To Examine the Level of Care Needed by Participants in Each Arm Developing COVID19 as Measured as Requiring Emergency Room Visit, Hospitalization or Able to Stay Home Without Hospital Care.

Review of the level of care needed by participants in each arm developing COVID19 as measured as requiring emergency room visit, hospitalization or able to stay home without hospital care via weekly questionnaire. (NCT04341441)
Timeframe: 8 Weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Study Drug - Daily Dose0
Study Drug - Weekly Dose0
Placebo0
Non-Randomized Active Comparator0

Determine the Safety and Tolerability of HCQ Dosing for Preventive Strategy Against COVID-19 as Measured by Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events.

Measurement of the safety and tolerability of HCQ dosing for preventive strategy against COVID-19 as measured by adverse events and serious adverse events reported via weekly questionnaire. (NCT04341441)
Timeframe: 8 Weeks

,,,
InterventionNumber of adverse events. (Number)
Adverse events (only Level 1 and 2) observed in the study.Serious adverse events (Level 3 or 4).
Non-Randomized Active Comparator20
Placebo1880
Study Drug - Daily Dose2060
Study Drug - Weekly Dose1930

Reviews

1 review available for hydroxychloroquine and Deficiency of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase

ArticleYear
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and hydroxychloroquine in the COVID-19 era: a mini review.
    Molecular biology reports, 2021, Volume: 48, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Antiviral Agents; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Def

2021

Other Studies

16 other studies available for hydroxychloroquine and Deficiency of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase

ArticleYear
COVID-19 infection and treatment with hydroxychloroquine cause severe haemolysis crisis in a patient with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
    European journal of haematology, 2020, Volume: 105, Issue:3

    Topics: Aged; Betacoronavirus; Comorbidity; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Gluco

2020
G6PD deficiency in the COVID-19 pandemic: Ghost within Ghost.
    Hematology/oncology and stem cell therapy, 2021, Volume: 14, Issue:1

    Topics: Antimalarials; Antioxidants; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Defic

2021
The emergence of methemoglobinemia amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.
    American journal of hematology, 2020, Volume: 95, Issue:8

    Topics: Azithromycin; Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Diabetes M

2020
Why G6PD Deficiency Should Be Screened Before COVID-19 Treatment With Hydroxychloroquine?
    Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology, 2021, Volume: 43, Issue:1

    Topics: COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Hemolysis; Humans; Hyd

2021
A case report of serious haemolysis in a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient COVID-19 patient receiving hydroxychloroquine.
    Infectious diseases (London, England), 2020, Volume: 52, Issue:9

    Topics: Aged; Azithromycin; Betacoronavirus; Blood Transfusion; Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy; Corona

2020
Doubtful precipitation of hemolysis by hydroxychloroquine in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient patient with COVID-19 infection.
    European journal of haematology, 2020, Volume: 105, Issue:4

    Topics: COVID-19; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Hemolysis; Huma

2020
Therapeutic blockade of inflammation in severe COVID-19 infection with intravenous N-acetylcysteine.
    Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.), 2020, Volume: 219

    Topics: Acetylcysteine; Adult; Antioxidants; Antirheumatic Agents; Betacoronavirus; Biomarkers; C-Reactive P

2020
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency associated hemolysis in COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine: New case reports coming out.
    European journal of internal medicine, 2020, Volume: 80

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Chloroquine; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Glucosephos

2020
No evidence that chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine induce hemolysis in G6PD deficiency.
    Blood cells, molecules & diseases, 2020, Volume: 85

    Topics: Antimalarials; Chloroquine; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogena

2020
COVID-19 and hydroxychloroquine side-effects: glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) and acute haemolytic anaemia.
    QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians, 2020, 12-01, Volume: 113, Issue:12

    Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Humans; Hydro

2020
Association of Hydroxychloroquine use and Hemolytic Anemia in Patients With Low Levels of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase.
    Journal of clinical rheumatology : practical reports on rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases, 2022, Jan-01, Volume: 28, Issue:1

    Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Black or African American; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucosephosphate Dehyd

2022
Brief Report: Hydroxychloroquine does not induce hemolytic anemia or organ damage in a "humanized" G6PD A- mouse model.
    PloS one, 2020, Volume: 15, Issue:10

    Topics: Animals; Black or African American; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Disea

2020
Hemolytic Anemia in a Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase-Deficient Patient Receiving Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19: A Case Report.
    The Permanente journal, 2020, Volume: 24

    Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Enzyme Inhibitors; Erythrocyte Transfusion; Gl

2020
G6PD deficiency and severity of COVID19 pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome: tip of the iceberg?
    Annals of hematology, 2021, Volume: 100, Issue:3

    Topics: Black or African American; Contraindications, Drug; COVID-19; COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing; Critica

2021
G6PD distribution in sub-Saharan Africa and potential risks of using chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine based treatments for COVID-19.
    The pharmacogenomics journal, 2021, Volume: 21, Issue:6

    Topics: Africa South of the Sahara; Chloroquine; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Databases, Genetic; Gene

2021
Examination of Hydroxychloroquine Use and Hemolytic Anemia in G6PDH-Deficient Patients.
    Arthritis care & research, 2018, Volume: 70, Issue:3

    Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Antirheumatic Agents; Black or African American; Clinical Decision-Making; Female

2018