Page last updated: 2024-10-28

hydroxychloroquine and Cytokine Release Syndrome

hydroxychloroquine has been researched along with Cytokine Release Syndrome in 35 studies

Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970)
hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.

Cytokine Release Syndrome: A severe immune reaction characterized by excessive release of CYTOKINES. Symptoms include DYSPNEA; FEVER; HEADACHE; HYPOTENSION; NAUSEA; RASH; TACHYCARDIA; HYPOXIA; HYPERFERRITINEMIA, and MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE. It is associated with viral infections, SEPSIS; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES and a variety of factors used in IMMUNOTHERAPY.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"Pharmacological treatment of cachexia consists mainly of progestagens and glucocorticosteroids."5.62Can chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine prove efficient in cancer cachexia? A hypothesis in the era of COVID-19. ( Czerw, A; Deptała, A; Kapala, P; Kiedrowska, M; Kiedrowski, M; Skoczynska, A, 2021)
" Ulipristal for uterine fibroids : market withdrawal due to risk of severe liver injury."5.12[Pharmacovigilance update]. ( Ekobena, P; Ivanyuk, A; Livio, F, 2021)
"Recurrences of COVID-19 were observed in a patient with long-term usage of hydroxychloroquine, leflunomide, and glucocorticoids due to her 30-year history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)."5.05A complex COVID-19 case with rheumatoid arthritis treated with tocilizumab. ( Cai, S; Dong, L; Li, M; Sun, W, 2020)
"Favipiravir has resulted in a higher viral clearance than remdesivir."2.72A complementary critical appraisal on systematic reviews regarding the most efficient therapeutic strategies for the current COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. ( Dehghan, H; Fazlzadeh, A; Haddad, F; Kheirabadi, D; Mousavi-Roknabadi, RS; Rezaeisadrabadi, M, 2021)
"The novel coronavirus disease 2019, otherwise known as COVID-19, is a global pandemic with primary respiratory manifestations in those who are symptomatic."2.66Approach to Acute Cardiovascular Complications in COVID-19 Infection. ( Abdalla, M; Anstey, DE; Fried, JA; Givens, RC; Karmpaliotis, D; Kirtane, AJ; Kodali, SK; Kumaraiah, D; Leon, MB; Masoumi, A; Rabbani, LE; Ranard, LS; Sayer, G; Schwartz, A; Takeda, K; Uriel, N, 2020)
" Long-term use of hydroxychloroquine is the cornerstone in the treatment of several auto-immune disorders."2.66Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Facts, fiction and the hype: a critical appraisal. ( Khuroo, MS, 2020)
"Pharmacological treatment of cachexia consists mainly of progestagens and glucocorticosteroids."1.62Can chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine prove efficient in cancer cachexia? A hypothesis in the era of COVID-19. ( Czerw, A; Deptała, A; Kapala, P; Kiedrowska, M; Kiedrowski, M; Skoczynska, A, 2021)
"The transition from first symptoms to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is highly likely to be due to uncontrolled cytokine release."1.56COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression. ( Dai, SM; Tong, Q; Zhou, D, 2020)
"Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in late December 2019 in Wuhan, China."1.56Use of Tocilizumab for COVID-19-Induced Cytokine Release Syndrome: A Cautionary Case Report. ( Bhatt, PJ; Narayanan, N; Radbel, J, 2020)
"Lopinavir-ritonavir was administered every 12 hours, 800/200 mg on day 1 and 400/100 mg on day 2 until day 5 or 7."1.56Effect of Systemic Inflammatory Response to SARS-CoV-2 on Lopinavir and Hydroxychloroquine Plasma Concentrations. ( Baettig, V; Bassetti, S; Battegay, M; Egli, A; Franzeck, F; Gebhard, CE; Geenen, J; Hirsch, HH; Hollinger, A; Khanna, N; Marzolini, C; Mueller, D; Osthoff, M; Sendi, P; Stader, F; Stoeckle, M; Tschudin-Sutter, S; Weisser, M, 2020)
"Methemoglobinemia is a rare disorder of the blood in which there is an increase in methemoglobin, which occurs when hemoglobin is present in the oxidized form."1.56Unexplained Methemoglobinemia in Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Case Report. ( Bloom, A; Faisal, H; Gaber, AO, 2020)
"Since December 2019, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a global pandemic."1.56Proinflammatory cytokines are associated with prolonged viral RNA shedding in COVID-19 patients. ( Gao, C; Jin, CC; Tong, YX; Xiao, AT; Zhang, S; Zhu, L, 2020)
"Sepsis is an overwhelming systemic inflammatory response for which no satisfactory therapeutic drug is available."1.51Inhibition of autophagy protects against sepsis by concurrently attenuating the cytokine storm and vascular leakage. ( Chao, CH; Lu, LH; Yeh, TM, 2019)

Research

Studies (35)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's0 (0.00)29.6817
2010's1 (2.86)24.3611
2020's34 (97.14)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Mendoza-Pinto, C1
García-Carrasco, M1
Munguía Realpozo, P1
Méndez-Martínez, S1
Ahmad, B1
Ul Hassan, N1
Sehar, B1
Zeb, F1
E Nayab, D1
Siddiqui, FA1
Zhou, D1
Dai, SM1
Tong, Q1
Licciardi, F1
Giani, T1
Baldini, L1
Favalli, EG1
Caporali, R1
Cimaz, R1
Askanase, AD1
Khalili, L1
Buyon, JP1
Radbel, J1
Narayanan, N1
Bhatt, PJ1
Kang, Y1
Chen, T1
Mui, D1
Ferrari, V1
Jagasia, D1
Scherrer-Crosbie, M1
Chen, Y1
Han, Y1
Lucchino, B1
Di Franco, M1
Conti, F1
Kronbichler, A1
Effenberger, M1
Eisenhut, M1
Lee, KH1
Shin, JI1
Everaert, BR1
Muylle, J1
Bartholomeus Twickler, T1
Ranard, LS1
Fried, JA1
Abdalla, M1
Anstey, DE1
Givens, RC1
Kumaraiah, D1
Kodali, SK1
Takeda, K1
Karmpaliotis, D1
Rabbani, LE1
Sayer, G1
Kirtane, AJ1
Leon, MB1
Schwartz, A1
Uriel, N1
Masoumi, A1
Cai, S1
Sun, W1
Li, M1
Dong, L1
Wu, J1
Jacquet-Lagrèze, M1
Riad, Z1
Hugon-Vallet, E1
Ferraris, A1
Fellahi, JL1
Magro, G1
Iannaccone, G1
Scacciavillani, R1
Del Buono, MG1
Camilli, M1
Ronco, C1
Lavie, CJ1
Abbate, A1
Crea, F1
Massetti, M1
Aspromonte, N1
Oscanoa, TJ1
Romero-Ortuno, R1
Carvajal, A1
Savarino, A1
Marzolini, C1
Stader, F1
Stoeckle, M1
Franzeck, F1
Egli, A1
Bassetti, S1
Hollinger, A1
Osthoff, M1
Weisser, M1
Gebhard, CE1
Baettig, V1
Geenen, J1
Khanna, N1
Tschudin-Sutter, S1
Mueller, D1
Hirsch, HH1
Battegay, M1
Sendi, P1
Khuroo, MS1
Ibrahim, H1
Perl, A1
Smith, D1
Lewis, T1
Kon, Z1
Goldenberg, R1
Yarta, K1
Staniloae, C1
Williams, M1
Shamim, S1
Khan, M1
Kharaba, ZJ1
Ijaz, M1
Murtaza, G1
Burrage, DR1
Koushesh, S1
Sofat, N1
Faisal, H1
Bloom, A1
Gaber, AO1
Caron, P1
Gao, C1
Zhu, L1
Jin, CC1
Tong, YX1
Xiao, AT1
Zhang, S1
Pimentel, J1
Andersson, N1
Fatima, U1
Rizvi, SSA1
Raina, N1
Fatima, S1
Rahman, S1
Kamal, MA1
Hassan, MI1
Kiedrowski, M1
Kapala, P1
Kiedrowska, M1
Skoczynska, A1
Czerw, A1
Deptała, A1
Bahadoram, M1
Keikhaei, B1
Saeedi-Boroujeni, A1
Mahmoudian-Sani, MR1
Ekobena, P1
Ivanyuk, A1
Livio, F1
Kheirabadi, D1
Haddad, F1
Mousavi-Roknabadi, RS1
Rezaeisadrabadi, M1
Dehghan, H1
Fazlzadeh, A1
Blaess, M1
Kaiser, L1
Sommerfeld, O1
Csuk, R1
Deigner, HP1
Tascioglu, D1
Akkaya, E1
Genc, S1
Corominas, H1
Castellví, I1
Diaz-Torné, C1
Matas, L1
de la Rosa, D1
Mangues, MA1
Moya, P1
Pomar, V1
Benito, N1
Moga, E1
Sosa, NH1
Casademont, J1
Domingo, P1
Lu, LH1
Chao, CH1
Yeh, TM1

Clinical Trials (8)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
A Comparative Observational Study on Ivermectin and Hydroxychloroquine on the COVID19 Patients in Bangladesh[NCT04434144]116 participants (Actual)Observational [Patient Registry]2020-05-02Completed
An aDaptive, multicEnter, rAndomized, Open-Label, Controlled Trial to Assess Effectiveness and Safety of Quinine Sulfate for COVID-19 in Hospitalized Adults[NCT05808231]100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-04-26Recruiting
Prophylaxis With Chloroquine in Health Personnel Exposed to Infection With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)[NCT04627467]Phase 23,217 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-03-28Completed
A Randomized Phase 2/3 Trial of Hydroxychloroquine In Covid-19 Kinetics[NCT04353271]Phase 2/Phase 33 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-04-17Terminated (stopped due to FDA recommendations to not use outside of the hospital setting or in a clinical trial due to the risk of cardiac arrhythmias)
Safety and Efficacy of Post-exposure Prophylaxis With Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for the Prevention of COVID-19 in High-risk Older Individuals in Long-term and Specialized Care: A Double-blind Randomized Control Trial[NCT04397328]Phase 3336 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-05-19Not yet recruiting
Clearing the Fog: Is HCQ Effective in Reducing COVID-19 progression-a Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT04491994]Phase 3540 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-04-10Completed
Tocilizumab: A Therapeutic Cache Against the Treatment of Severe Cases of COVID-19[NCT04560205]Phase 150 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-05-01Recruiting
Thyroid Function Tests and the Status of Thyroid Autoantibodies in Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients and Their Relationship With White Blood Cells, Neutrophil / Lymphocyte Ratio, c Reactive Protein, Fibrinogen, Procalcitonin, Ferritin and D-dimer[NCT04659200]20 participants (Actual)Observational2020-09-01Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Number of Participants Who Are Hospitalized for Covid 19 Infection

Number of subjects in each arm who are hospitalized for Covid 19 infection (NCT04353271)
Timeframe: 14 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment0
Control0

Number of Participants Who Are Virus Free

Nasopharyngeal swab PCR measurement of viral load expressed as the % of negative PCR swabs (NCT04353271)
Timeframe: 7 days after initiation of trial

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Treatment0
Control0

Number of Participants Who Die Secondary to Covid 19 Infection

Number of subjects in each arm who die secondary to Covid-19 infection (NCT04353271)
Timeframe: 70 Days (10 weeks)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment0
Control0

Number of Participants Who Discontinue or Withdraw Medication Use for Any Reason

Number of subjects in each arm who discontinue or withdraw medication use for any reason (NCT04353271)
Timeframe: 14 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment0
Control1

Number of Participants Who Have Confirmed Covid 19 Infection

Number of subjects in each arm who have confirmed Covid-19 infection (NCT04353271)
Timeframe: 14 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment1
Control2

Number of Participants With Progression

After start of treatment, development of fever > 101 F for > 72 hours, shortness of breath by minimal exertion (10-Step walk test), derangement of basic lab parameters (ALC < 1000 or raised CRP) or appearance of infiltrates on CXR during course of treatment was labeled as progression irrespective of PCR status (NCT04491994)
Timeframe: 5 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Standard of Care (SOC)5
Intervention Group11

Reviews

21 reviews available for hydroxychloroquine and Cytokine Release Syndrome

ArticleYear
Therapeutic options for the management of severe COVID-19: A rheumatology perspective.
    Reumatologia clinica, 2021, Volume: 17, Issue:8

    Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antiviral Agents; Chloroquine; Combined

2021
COVID-19 and what pediatric rheumatologists should know: a review from a highly affected country.
    Pediatric rheumatology online journal, 2020, Apr-22, Volume: 18, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Juvenile; Beta

2020
Cardiovascular manifestations and treatment considerations in COVID-19.
    Heart (British Cardiac Society), 2020, Volume: 106, Issue:15

    Topics: Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inh

2020
Seven recommendations to rescue the patients and reduce the mortality from COVID-19 infection: An immunological point of view.
    Autoimmunity reviews, 2020, Volume: 19, Issue:7

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Cytokine Release Syndrome;

2020
Approach to Acute Cardiovascular Complications in COVID-19 Infection.
    Circulation. Heart failure, 2020, Volume: 13, Issue:7

    Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antiviral Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Azithromycin

2020
A complex COVID-19 case with rheumatoid arthritis treated with tocilizumab.
    Clinical rheumatology, 2020, Volume: 39, Issue:9

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Antirheumatic Agents; Antiviral Agents; Arthritis, R

2020
Tackle the free radicals damage in COVID-19.
    Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry, 2020, 09-01, Volume: 102

    Topics: Acetylcysteine; Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Azithromycin; Betacoronavirus; Clinical Trials

2020
Left ventricular dysfunction in COVID-19: A diagnostic issue.
    Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine, 2020, Volume: 39, Issue:3

    Topics: Azithromycin; Betacoronavirus; Biomarkers; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Cytokine Release Syndro

2020
COVID-19: Review on latest available drugs and therapies against SARS-CoV-2. Coagulation and inflammation cross-talking.
    Virus research, 2020, Volume: 286

    Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Alanine; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Mono

2020
Weathering the Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: Therapeutic Implications.
    Cardiorenal medicine, 2020, Volume: 10, Issue:5

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Betacoronavirus; CCR5 Receptor Antagonis

2020
A pharmacological perspective of chloroquine in SARS-CoV-2 infection: An old drug for the fight against a new coronavirus?
    International journal of antimicrobial agents, 2020, Volume: 56, Issue:3

    Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anticoagulants; Antiviral Agents; Autopha

2020
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Facts, fiction and the hype: a critical appraisal.
    International journal of antimicrobial agents, 2020, Volume: 56, Issue:3

    Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antiviral Agents; Betacoronavirus; Chloroquine; Clinical Trials as Topic;

2020
Potential strategies for combating COVID-19.
    Archives of virology, 2020, Volume: 165, Issue:11

    Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Alanine; Amides; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized

2020
Immunomodulatory Drugs in the Management of SARS-CoV-2.
    Frontiers in immunology, 2020, Volume: 11

    Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antiviral Agents; Betacoronavirus; Colchi

2020
Thyroid disorders and SARS-CoV-2 infection: From pathophysiological mechanism to patient management.
    Annales d'endocrinologie, 2020, Volume: 81, Issue:5

    Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; Apoptosis; Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID

2020
Chloroquine and its derivatives in the management of COVID-19: A scoping review
    Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud, 2020, 10-30, Volume: 40, Issue:Supl. 2

    Topics: Antiviral Agents; Betacoronavirus; Chloroquine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Compassionate Use Trials;

2020
Therapeutic Management of COVID-19 Patients: Clinical Manifestation and Limitations.
    Current pharmaceutical design, 2021, Volume: 27, Issue:41

    Topics: Antiviral Agents; COVID-19; COVID-19 Serotherapy; Cytokine Release Syndrome; Humans; Hydroxychloroqu

2021
Chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine: an inflammasome inhibitor in severe COVID-19?
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2021, Volume: 394, Issue:5

    Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Chloroquine; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrome; Humans; H

2021
[Pharmacovigilance update].
    Revue medicale suisse, 2021, Jan-13, Volume: 17, Issue:720-1

    Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Alanine; Cleft Lip; Contraindications, Drug; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytok

2021
A complementary critical appraisal on systematic reviews regarding the most efficient therapeutic strategies for the current COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic.
    Journal of medical virology, 2021, Volume: 93, Issue:5

    Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Alanine; Amides; Antiviral Agents; Chloroquine; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Tre

2021
The understanding of the immunopathology in COVID-19 infection.
    Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation, 2021, Volume: 81, Issue:4

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Animals; Antiviral Agents; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Rele

2021

Trials

1 trial available for hydroxychloroquine and Cytokine Release Syndrome

ArticleYear
Effect of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine on Cytokine Release Syndrome in Patients with COVID-19.
    Clinical medicine & research, 2021, Volume: 19, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Antiviral Agents; Chloroquine; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrome; Humans; Hy

2021

Other Studies

13 other studies available for hydroxychloroquine and Cytokine Release Syndrome

ArticleYear
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2020, 07-01, Volume: 75, Issue:7

    Topics: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrom

2020
Thoughts on COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases.
    Lupus science & medicine, 2020, Volume: 7, Issue:1

    Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Autoimmune Diseases; Azetidines; Betacoronavirus; Chloroquine; Co

2020
Use of Tocilizumab for COVID-19-Induced Cytokine Release Syndrome: A Cautionary Case Report.
    Chest, 2020, Volume: 158, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azi

2020
COVID-19: an unexpected indication for anti-rheumatic therapies?
    Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2020, 06-01, Volume: 59, Issue:6

    Topics: Adalimumab; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antirheumatic Agents; Azetidines; Betacoronavirus; Ch

2020
Emerging cardiological issues during the COVID-19 pandemic.
    European journal of clinical investigation, 2020, Volume: 50, Issue:7

    Topics: Antiviral Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Betacoronavirus; Coronary Artery Disease; Coronavirus Infect

2020
Effect of Systemic Inflammatory Response to SARS-CoV-2 on Lopinavir and Hydroxychloroquine Plasma Concentrations.
    Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2020, 08-20, Volume: 64, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antiviral Agents; Betacoronavirus

2020
Therapeutic blockade of inflammation in severe COVID-19 infection with intravenous N-acetylcysteine.
    Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.), 2020, Volume: 219

    Topics: Acetylcysteine; Adult; Antioxidants; Antirheumatic Agents; Betacoronavirus; Biomarkers; C-Reactive P

2020
Unexplained Methemoglobinemia in Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Case Report.
    A&A practice, 2020, Volume: 14, Issue:9

    Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Betacoron

2020
Proinflammatory cytokines are associated with prolonged viral RNA shedding in COVID-19 patients.
    Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.), 2020, Volume: 221

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; China; Comorbidity; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug

2020
Can chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine prove efficient in cancer cachexia? A hypothesis in the era of COVID-19.
    Medical hypotheses, 2021, Volume: 146

    Topics: Autophagy; Cachexia; Chloroquine; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrome; Cytokines; Hum

2021
Drugs, Metabolites, and Lung Accumulating Small Lysosomotropic Molecules: Multiple Targeting Impedes SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Progress to COVID-19.
    International journal of molecular sciences, 2021, Feb-11, Volume: 22, Issue:4

    Topics: Antiviral Agents; Chlorpromazine; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytokine Release Syndrome; Drug

2021
Sarilumab (IL-6R antagonist) in critically ill patients with cytokine release syndrome by SARS-CoV2.
    Medicine, 2021, May-14, Volume: 100, Issue:19

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azithromycin; Comorbidity; COVID-19;

2021
Inhibition of autophagy protects against sepsis by concurrently attenuating the cytokine storm and vascular leakage.
    The Journal of infection, 2019, Volume: 78, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Autophagy; Capillary Permeability; Cytokine Release Syndrome; Cytokines; Endothelium, Vascu

2019