Page last updated: 2024-10-18

hydroquinone and Ochronosis

hydroquinone has been researched along with Ochronosis in 43 studies

Ochronosis: The yellowish discoloration of connective tissue due to deposition of HOMOGENTISIC ACID (a brown-black pigment). This is due to defects in the metabolism of PHENYLALANINE and TYROSINE. Ochronosis occurs in ALKAPTONURIA, but has also been associated with exposure to certain chemicals (e.g., PHENOL, trinitrophenol, BENZENE DERIVATIVES).

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"  Three cases of suspected hydroquinone-induced exogenous ochronosis while treating melasma were subjected to dermatoscopy and histopathology studies."7.79Diagnostic utility of dermatoscopy in hydroquinone-induced exogenous ochronosis. ( Deshpande, DJ; Dhurat, RS; Mishra, SN; Nayak, CS, 2013)
"Two patients with exogenous ochronosis, an unfamiliar side effect of hydroquinone-containing bleaching creams, are presented."7.68[Exogenous ochronosis, a little-known side effect of hydroquinone-containing ointments]. ( Dekker, SK; Menke, HE; Noordhoek Hegt, V; Pavel, S; Westerhof, W, 1992)
"Exogenous localized ochronosis can result from the repeated use of hydroquinone-containing creams, many of which are available over the counter."7.68Hydroquinone-induced localized exogenous ochronosis treated with dermabrasion and CO2 laser. ( Diven, DG; Lee, M; Pupo, RA; Smith, EB, 1990)
"Hyperpigmentation is the most common complaint in the age group 40-45 years, seeking consultation for skin disorders."6.82Hyperpigmentation: Looking beyond hydroquinone. ( Charoo, NA, 2022)
" The principal adverse effects of its chronic use are confetti-like depigmentation and exogenous ochronosis."5.35Hydroquinone-induced exogenous ochronosis: a report of four cases and usefulness of dermoscopy. ( Azulay-Abulafia, L; Barcaui, CB; Charlín, R; Kac, BK; Rabello-Fonseca, R; Soares, DB, 2008)
"Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration proposed a ban on over-the-counter hydroquinone mainly on the basis of high absorption, reports of exogenous ochronosis in humans, and murine hepatic adenomas, renal adenomas, and leukemia with large doses over extended time periods."4.84The safety of hydroquinone: a dermatologist's response to the 2006 Federal Register. ( Levitt, J, 2007)
"Exogenous ochronosis (EO) is a deposition disease associated with application of hydroquinone-containing preparations."3.96Exogenous Ochronosis as an Elastotic Disease: A Light-Microscopic Approach. ( Goldberg, LJ; Ho, JD; Vashi, N, 2020)
" All 3 had been using skin-lightening lotions containing hydroquinone on their faces for between 3 and 15 years and had black-blue facial pigmentation of exogenous ochronosis, a recognized complication of these creams."3.91Corneal and Scleral Problems Caused by Skin-Lightening Creams. ( Angunawela, RI; Gore, DM; Hollick, EJ; Igwe, C; Jones, SM; Papamichael, E; Philippidou, M, 2019)
"We present a case of exogenous ochronosis in a 53-year-old woman with skin type IV, who used a topical hydroquinone preparation of an unknown concentration for several years."3.80Exogenous ochronosis. ( Hale, CS; Leger, M; Meehan, SA; Nagler, A, 2014)
"Exogenous ochronosis (EO), a disfiguring cutaneous complication of topical hydroquinone use, is difficult to treat."3.79Exogenous ochronosis - successful outcome after treatment with Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. ( Tan, SK, 2013)
"  Three cases of suspected hydroquinone-induced exogenous ochronosis while treating melasma were subjected to dermatoscopy and histopathology studies."3.79Diagnostic utility of dermatoscopy in hydroquinone-induced exogenous ochronosis. ( Deshpande, DJ; Dhurat, RS; Mishra, SN; Nayak, CS, 2013)
"Exogenous (cosmetic) ochronosis is caused by the long term use of skin-lightening creams containing hydroquinone."3.76Cutaneous annular sarcoidosis developing on a background of exogenous ochronosis: a report of two cases and review of the literature. ( Glassman, SJ; Grayson, W; Moche, MJ; Modi, D, 2010)
"We describe a 63-year-old Hispanic woman who developed exogenous ochronosis lesions on her face after using topical bleaching creams containing hydroquinone, 2% to 3%, and oxybenzone, 2%, for several years."3.76Dermoscopic and reflectance confocal microscopic features of exogenous ochronosis. ( Gil, I; Herrero-González, JE; Lloreta, J; Martínez-Escala, E; Puig, S; Pujol, RM; Segura, S; Vélez, M, 2010)
"A 55-year-old woman with melasma develops biopsy-proved exogenous ochronosis in the setting of prolonged topical hydroquinone use."3.74Exogenous ochronosis. ( Brown, L; Meehan, S; Merola, JF; Walters, RF, 2008)
"Exogenous ochronosis is a paradoxical hyper-pigmentation of the skin caused by the long-term use of hydroquinone-containing bleaching creams."3.73Exogenous ochronosis and striae atrophicae following the use of bleaching creams. ( Aricò, M; Bongiorno, MR, 2005)
"Exogenous ochronosis is a cutaneous disorder characterized by blue-black or slate-gray hyperpigmentation resulting from the prolonged use of certain topical agents, most commonly hydroquinones."3.72Treatment of exogenous ochronosis with a Q-switched alexandrite (755 nm) laser. ( Alster, TS; Bellew, SG, 2004)
" We also note the incidental histologic finding of exogenous ochronosis, which, in our case, indicates the patient's use of hydroquinone-containing bleaching creams in an attempt to treat the disorder."3.71Primary multiple miliary osteoma cutis and exogenous ochronosis. ( Bowman, PH; Lesher, JL, 2001)
"Two patients with exogenous ochronosis, an unfamiliar side effect of hydroquinone-containing bleaching creams, are presented."3.68[Exogenous ochronosis, a little-known side effect of hydroquinone-containing ointments]. ( Dekker, SK; Menke, HE; Noordhoek Hegt, V; Pavel, S; Westerhof, W, 1992)
"Exogenous ochronosis is caused by the long-term application of skin-lightening creams containing hydroquinone."3.68Transepidermal elimination in exogenous ochronosis. A report of two cases. ( Jordaan, HF; Van Niekerk, DJ, 1991)
" Fifty-four patients had photodermatoses from exogenous causes, of which hydroquinone-induced exogenous ochronosis constituted the largest group of patients."3.67Photodermatoses in Lagos. ( Olumide, YM, 1987)
"Hyperpigmentation is the most common complaint in the age group 40-45 years, seeking consultation for skin disorders."2.82Hyperpigmentation: Looking beyond hydroquinone. ( Charoo, NA, 2022)
"Hydroquinone has pharmacological uses in disorders of pigmentation because of its ability to competitively inhibit the enzyme tyrosinase."2.72Hydroquinone: myths and reality. ( Al-Niaimi, F; Ali, FR; Searle, T, 2021)
"Exogenous ochronosis is clinically and histologically similar to its endogenous counterpart; however, it exhibits no systemic effects and is not an inherited disorder."2.41Exogenous ochronosis. An update on clinical features, causative agents and treatment options. ( Levin, CY; Maibach, H, 2001)
" The principal adverse effects of its chronic use are confetti-like depigmentation and exogenous ochronosis."1.35Hydroquinone-induced exogenous ochronosis: a report of four cases and usefulness of dermoscopy. ( Azulay-Abulafia, L; Barcaui, CB; Charlín, R; Kac, BK; Rabello-Fonseca, R; Soares, DB, 2008)

Research

Studies (43)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19904 (9.30)18.7374
1990's7 (16.28)18.2507
2000's12 (27.91)29.6817
2010's15 (34.88)24.3611
2020's5 (11.63)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Charoo, NA1
Ma, Y1
Millette, D1
Nalluri, R1
Yoo, J1
Ho, JD1
Vashi, N1
Goldberg, LJ1
Roche, L1
White, J1
Bourke, J1
Searle, T1
Al-Niaimi, F1
Ali, FR1
Pirrone, J1
Broyer, J1
Otte, N1
Reich, K1
Boer-Auer, A1
Sánchez-Martínez, EM1
García-Briz, MI1
Moneva-Léniz, LM1
Gegúndez-Hernández, H1
Pose-Lapausa, P1
Mateu-Puchades, A1
Hollick, EJ1
Igwe, C1
Papamichael, E1
Gore, DM1
Angunawela, RI1
Philippidou, M1
Jones, SM1
Tan, SK2
Liu, WC1
Tey, HL1
Lee, JS1
Goh, BK1
Kindem, S1
Serra-Guillén, C1
Guillén, C1
Nagler, A1
Hale, CS1
Meehan, SA1
Leger, M1
Simmons, BJ1
Griffith, RD1
Bray, FN1
Falto-Aizpurua, LA1
Nouri, K1
Ndoye Roth, PA1
Ly, F1
Kane, H1
Bissang, AA1
Wane, AM1
Sow, AS1
Ndiaye, JM1
Nguer, M1
Ba, EA1
Ndiaye, MR1
Cinotti, E1
Labeille, B1
Douchet, C1
Cambazard, F1
Perrot, JL1
Córdova, ME1
Pérez-Rojas, DO1
López-Marquet, AD1
Arenas, R1
Merola, JF1
Meehan, S1
Walters, RF1
Brown, L1
Moche, MJ1
Glassman, SJ1
Modi, D1
Grayson, W1
Zawar, V1
Chuh, A1
Gil, I1
Segura, S1
Martínez-Escala, E1
Lloreta, J1
Puig, S1
Vélez, M1
Pujol, RM1
Herrero-González, JE1
Mishra, SN1
Dhurat, RS1
Deshpande, DJ1
Nayak, CS1
Bellew, SG1
Alster, TS1
Kooyers, TJ1
Westerhof, W2
Bongiorno, MR1
Aricò, M1
Huerta Brogeras, M1
Sánchez-Viera, M1
Palm, MD1
Toombs, EL1
Levitt, J1
Charlín, R1
Barcaui, CB1
Kac, BK1
Soares, DB1
Rabello-Fonseca, R1
Azulay-Abulafia, L1
Olumide, YM2
Akinkugbe, AO1
Altraide, D1
Mohammed, T1
Ahamefule, N1
Ayanlowo, S1
Onyekonwu, C1
Essen, N1
Sim, CS1
Goh, CL1
Jacyk, WK1
Camarasa, JG1
Serra-Baldrich, E1
Snider, RL1
Thiers, BH1
Fisher, AA1
Bowman, PH1
Lesher, JL1
Levin, CY1
Maibach, H1
Menke, HE1
Dekker, SK1
Noordhoek Hegt, V1
Pavel, S1
Jordaan, HF1
Van Niekerk, DJ1
Diven, DG1
Smith, EB1
Pupo, RA1
Lee, M1
Lawrence, N1
Bligard, CA1
Reed, R1
Perret, WJ1
Tidman, MJ1
Horton, JJ1
MacDonald, DM1
Hoshaw, RA1
Zimmerman, KG1
Menter, A1

Reviews

8 reviews available for hydroquinone and Ochronosis

ArticleYear
Hyperpigmentation: Looking beyond hydroquinone.
    Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 2022, Volume: 21, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Humans; Hydroquinones; Hyperpigmentation; Middle Aged; Ochronosis

2022
Hydroquinone: myths and reality.
    Clinical and experimental dermatology, 2021, Volume: 46, Issue:4

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hydroquinones

2021
Exogenous ochronosis: a comprehensive review of the diagnosis, epidemiology, causes, and treatments.
    American journal of clinical dermatology, 2015, Volume: 16, Issue:3

    Topics: Dermatologic Agents; Dermoscopy; Humans; Hydroquinones; Ochronosis; Skin Pigmentation

2015
[Toxicological aspects and health risks associated with hydroquinone in skin bleaching formula].
    Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 2004, Apr-17, Volume: 148, Issue:16

    Topics: Administration, Topical; Cosmetics; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Face; Humans; Hydroquinones; H

2004
The safety of hydroquinone: a dermatologist's response to the 2006 Federal Register.
    Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2007, Volume: 57, Issue:5

    Topics: Absorption; Adenoma; Animals; Carcinogenicity Tests; Drug Approval; Fertility; Humans; Hydroquinones

2007
Complications of chronic use of skin lightening cosmetics.
    International journal of dermatology, 2008, Volume: 47, Issue:4

    Topics: Black People; Cosmetics; Cushing Syndrome; Dermatologic Agents; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Hyd

2008
Hydroquinone-induced exogenous ochronosis in Chinese--two case reports and a review.
    International journal of dermatology, 2008, Volume: 47, Issue:6

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Asian People; Dermatologic Agents; Female; Humans; Hydroquinones; Melanos

2008
Exogenous ochronosis. An update on clinical features, causative agents and treatment options.
    American journal of clinical dermatology, 2001, Volume: 2, Issue:4

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Caustics; Cosmetics; Cryotherapy; Derma

2001

Other Studies

35 other studies available for hydroquinone and Ochronosis

ArticleYear
UK-based dermatologist online survey on the current practice and training in the management of melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.
    Clinical and experimental dermatology, 2020, Volume: 45, Issue:4

    Topics: Administration, Topical; Alkaptonuria; Dermatologists; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hydroquino

2020
Exogenous Ochronosis as an Elastotic Disease: A Light-Microscopic Approach.
    The American Journal of dermatopathology, 2020, Volume: 42, Issue:8

    Topics: Elastic Tissue; Humans; Hydroquinones; Ochronosis; Retrospective Studies

2020
Black symmetrical papular eruption of the zygomata.
    Clinical and experimental dermatology, 2020, Volume: 45, Issue:8

    Topics: Administration, Topical; Alkaptonuria; Biopsy; Exanthema; Humans; Hydroquinones; Male; Middle Aged;

2020
Extensive hyperpigmentation of the face in a Filipina.
    Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG, 2017, Volume: 15, Issue:11

    Topics: Administration, Topical; Diagnosis, Differential; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Hispanic or Latino; Hum

2017
Exogenous ochronosis: the failure of depigmenting creams.
    Dermatology online journal, 2019, Apr-15, Volume: 25, Issue:4

    Topics: Antioxidants; Back; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Humans; Hydroquinones; Hyperpigmentation; Middle Aged

2019
Corneal and Scleral Problems Caused by Skin-Lightening Creams.
    Cornea, 2019, Volume: 38, Issue:10

    Topics: Administration, Topical; Aged; Alkaptonuria; Biopsy; Cornea; Dermatologic Agents; Female; Humans; Hy

2019
Exogenous ochronosis - successful outcome after treatment with Q-switched Nd:YAG laser.
    Journal of cosmetic and laser therapy : official publication of the European Society for Laser Dermatology, 2013, Volume: 15, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Humans; Hydroquinones; Hyperpigmentation; Lase

2013
Exogenous ochronosis in a Chinese patient: use of dermoscopy aids early diagnosis and selection of biopsy site.
    Singapore medical journal, 2014, Volume: 55, Issue:1

    Topics: Alkaptonuria; Biopsy; Bleaching Agents; China; Dermoscopy; Humans; Hydroquinones; Male; Melanosis; M

2014
Patchy facial hyperpigmentation.
    Actas dermo-sifiliograficas, 2015, Volume: 106, Issue:4

    Topics: Facial Dermatoses; Female; Humans; Hydroquinones; Middle Aged; Ochronosis; Skin Lightening Preparati

2015
Exogenous ochronosis.
    Dermatology online journal, 2014, Dec-16, Volume: 20, Issue:12

    Topics: Antioxidants; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Humans; Hydroquinones; Middle Aged; Ochronosis

2014
[Ocular lesions of artificial depigmentation].
    Journal francais d'ophtalmologie, 2015, Volume: 38, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Age Factors; Case-Control Studies; Cataract; Eye Diseases; Eyelid Di

2015
[Role of dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy as an aid in the diagnosis of exogenous ochronosis].
    Annales de dermatologie et de venereologie, 2016, Volume: 143, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Dermoscopy; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Humans; Hydroquinones; Macrophages; Melanins;

2016
Exogenous Ochronosis in Facial Melasma.
    Actas dermo-sifiliograficas, 2017, Volume: 108, Issue:4

    Topics: Dermoscopy; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Homogentisate 1,2-Dioxygenase; Homogentisic Acid; Humans; Hyd

2017
Exogenous ochronosis.
    Dermatology online journal, 2008, Oct-15, Volume: 14, Issue:10

    Topics: Dermatologic Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Humans; Hydroquinones; Mela

2008
Cutaneous annular sarcoidosis developing on a background of exogenous ochronosis: a report of two cases and review of the literature.
    Clinical and experimental dermatology, 2010, Volume: 35, Issue:4

    Topics: Cosmetics; Drug Eruptions; Female; Humans; Hydroquinones; Middle Aged; Ochronosis; Sarcoidosis; Skin

2010
Exogenous ochronosis in Asians.
    International journal of dermatology, 2010, Volume: 49, Issue:1

    Topics: Antioxidants; Asian People; Humans; Hydroquinones; Melanosis; Ochronosis; Pigmentation Disorders

2010
Dermoscopic and reflectance confocal microscopic features of exogenous ochronosis.
    Archives of dermatology, 2010, Volume: 146, Issue:9

    Topics: Benzophenones; Biopsy, Needle; Cosmetics; Dermoscopy; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Follow-Up Studies;

2010
Diagnostic utility of dermatoscopy in hydroquinone-induced exogenous ochronosis.
    International journal of dermatology, 2013, Volume: 52, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Dermoscopy; Humans; Hydroquinones; Male; Melanosis; Ochronosis

2013
Treatment of exogenous ochronosis with a Q-switched alexandrite (755 nm) laser.
    Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.], 2004, Volume: 30, Issue:4 Pt 1

    Topics: Beryllium; Dermatologic Agents; Face; Female; Humans; Hydroquinones; Hyperpigmentation; Laser Therap

2004
Exogenous ochronosis and striae atrophicae following the use of bleaching creams.
    International journal of dermatology, 2005, Volume: 44, Issue:2

    Topics: Atrophy; Dermatologic Agents; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Hydroquinones; Hyperpigmentation; Mid

2005
Exogenous ochronosis.
    Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD, 2006, Volume: 5, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Hydroquinones; Ochronosis

2006
Hydroquinone and the FDA--the debate?
    Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD, 2007, Volume: 6, Issue:2

    Topics: Africa; Drug Approval; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Hydroquinones; Ochro

2007
Hydroquinone-induced exogenous ochronosis: a report of four cases and usefulness of dermoscopy.
    International journal of dermatology, 2008, Volume: 47, Issue:1

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Dermatologic Agents; Dermoscopy; Female; Humans; Hydroquinones; Hy

2008
Annular granulomatous lesions in exogenous ochronosis are manifestation of sarcoidosis.
    The American Journal of dermatopathology, 1995, Volume: 17, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Collagen; Diagnosis, Differential; Elastic Tissue; Eosinophils; Facial Dermatoses; Fema

1995
Exogenous ochronosis with allergic contact dermatitis from hydroquinone.
    Contact dermatitis, 1994, Volume: 31, Issue:1

    Topics: Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Drug Eruptions; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Humans; Hydroquinones; Midd

1994
Exogenous ochronosis.
    Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 1993, Volume: 28, Issue:4

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Dermatologic Agents; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Humans; Hydroquinones; Mi

1993
Exogenous ochronosis from hydroquinone bleaching cream.
    Cutis, 1998, Volume: 62, Issue:1

    Topics: Cosmetics; Female; Humans; Hydroquinones; Ochronosis; Ointments

1998
Primary multiple miliary osteoma cutis and exogenous ochronosis.
    Cutis, 2001, Volume: 68, Issue:2

    Topics: Aged; Biopsy, Needle; Facial Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Hydroquinones; Immunohistochemistry; Ochrono

2001
[Exogenous ochronosis, a little-known side effect of hydroquinone-containing ointments].
    Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 1992, Jan-25, Volume: 136, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Hydroquinones; Middle Aged; Ochronosis; Ointments; Pigmentation Disorders; Sk

1992
Transepidermal elimination in exogenous ochronosis. A report of two cases.
    The American Journal of dermatopathology, 1991, Volume: 13, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Black People; Cosmetics; Female; Humans; Hydroquinones; Male; Middle Aged; Ochronosis; Skin

1991
Hydroquinone-induced localized exogenous ochronosis treated with dermabrasion and CO2 laser.
    The Journal of dermatologic surgery and oncology, 1990, Volume: 16, Issue:11

    Topics: Dermabrasion; Female; Humans; Hydroquinones; Laser Therapy; Middle Aged; Ochronosis

1990
Photodermatoses in Lagos.
    International journal of dermatology, 1987, Volume: 26, Issue:5

    Topics: Black People; Female; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Humans; Hydroquinones; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; O

1987
Exogenous ochronosis in the United States.
    Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 1988, Volume: 18, Issue:5 Pt 2

    Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Hydroquinones; Male; Middle Aged; Ochronosis; Phenol; Phenols; Resorcinols; S

1988
Hydroquinone-induced ochronosis--light and electronmicroscopic features.
    Clinical and experimental dermatology, 1986, Volume: 11, Issue:3

    Topics: Female; Humans; Hydroquinones; Middle Aged; Ochronosis; Skin

1986
Ochronosislike pigmentation from hydroquinone bleaching creams in American blacks.
    Archives of dermatology, 1985, Volume: 121, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Black or African American; Cosmetics; Female; Humans; Hydroquinones; Middle Aged; Ochronosis;

1985