hydrogen and Celiac Disease studies

Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.
dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.

Celiac Disease: A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"A high prevalence of celiac disease was observed in patients with a positive H2-lactose breath test compared to healthy controls."	7.73	High prevalence of celiac disease in patients with lactose intolerance. ( Cammarota, G; Danese, S; De Lorenzo, A; Gabrielli, M; Gasbarrini, A; Gasbarrini, G; Lauritano, C; Migneco, A; Nista, EC; Nucera, G; Ojetti, V; Zocco, MA, 2005)
"Fasting breath hydrogen (FBH) levels are frequently increased in celiac disease (CD)."	7.72	Fermentation of endogenous substrates is responsible for increased fasting breath hydrogen levels in celiac disease. ( Corazza, GR; Di Stefano, M; Malservisi, S; Miceli, E; Missanelli, A; Strocchi, A, 2004)
"Hydrogen breath test was performed on 40 children (15 males 25 females) divided into three groups."	6.67	[Hydrogen breath test in celiac disease: relationship to histological changes in jejunal mucosa]. ( Ansaldi-Balocco, N; Dell'Olio, D; Faussone, D; Forni, M; Malorgio, E; Morra, I; Oderda, G, 1994)
"To determine the effect of rifaximin on gastrointestinal symptoms and lactulose-hydrogen breath tests in patients with poorly responsive celiac disease."	5.15	Double-blind randomized controlled trial of rifaximin for persistent symptoms in patients with celiac disease. ( Chang, MS; Cheng, J; Connor, BA; Green, PH; Lewis, SK; Minaya, MT, 2011)
"A high prevalence of celiac disease was observed in patients with a positive H2-lactose breath test compared to healthy controls."	3.73	High prevalence of celiac disease in patients with lactose intolerance. ( Cammarota, G; Danese, S; De Lorenzo, A; Gabrielli, M; Gasbarrini, A; Gasbarrini, G; Lauritano, C; Migneco, A; Nista, EC; Nucera, G; Ojetti, V; Zocco, MA, 2005)
"In 25 patients with untreated celiac disease and 23 sex- and age-matched healthy volunteers, breath H(2) excretion was measured after ingestion of a 250-ml solution containing sorbitol, a poorly absorbed alcohol sugar."	3.72	Mixing of the intestinal content and variations of fermentation capacity do not affect the results of hydrogen breath test. ( Corazza, GR; Di Stefano, M; Malservisi, S; Miceli, E; Missanelli, A; Strocchi, A, 2003)
"Fasting breath hydrogen (FBH) levels are frequently increased in celiac disease (CD)."	3.72	Fermentation of endogenous substrates is responsible for increased fasting breath hydrogen levels in celiac disease. ( Corazza, GR; Di Stefano, M; Malservisi, S; Miceli, E; Missanelli, A; Strocchi, A, 2004)
"Hydrogen breath test was performed on 40 children (15 males 25 females) divided into three groups."	2.67	[Hydrogen breath test in celiac disease: relationship to histological changes in jejunal mucosa]. ( Ansaldi-Balocco, N; Dell'Olio, D; Faussone, D; Forni, M; Malorgio, E; Morra, I; Oderda, G, 1994)
"Lactose intolerance affects millions of people world-wide and should be suspected specially when evaluating gastrointestinal symptoms in ethnic populations in which it is prevalent."	2.41	[Lactose and gluten intolerance: which to suscept?]. ( Codden, T; Colonius, V; Mascart, F; Rickaert, F; Van Gossum, M, 2000)
"Our results show that the patients of untreated celiac disease should be instructed not to eat things made up of wheat one day before hydrogen breath testing so that the normal fasting hydrogen concentration can be obtained and false-negative hydrogen breath test results can be avoided."	1.35	Influence of previously ingested wheat on fasting breath hydrogen in celiac patients. ( Kaur, J; Prasad, KK; Rana, SV; Sharma, S; Singh, K; Sinha, SK, 2009)
"The prevalence of adult-type hypolactasia varies ethnically and geographically among populations."	1.35	Prevalence of adult-type hypolactasia as diagnosed with genetic and lactose hydrogen breath tests in Hungarians. ( Bede, O; Bogácsi-Szabó, E; Csányi, B; Czibula, A; Nagy, D; Raskó, I; Tari, B; Várkonyi, A, 2009)

Research

Studies (35)

Authors

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Baseline Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) Score

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	12 (34.29)	18.7374
1990's	7 (20.00)	18.2507
2000's	12 (34.29)	29.6817
2010's	2 (5.71)	24.3611
2020's	2 (5.71)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Charlesworth, RPG	1
Winter, G	1
Safi, MA	1
Jiman-Fatani, AA	1
Saadah, OI	1
Rana, SV	1
Sharma, S	1
Sinha, SK	1
Kaur, J	1
Prasad, KK	1
Singh, K	1
Nagy, D	1
Bogácsi-Szabó, E	1
Várkonyi, A	1
Csányi, B	1
Czibula, A	1
Bede, O	1
Tari, B	1
Raskó, I	1
Tveito, K	2
Hetta, AK	2
Askedal, M	2
Brunborg, C	2
Sandvik, L	2
Løberg, EM	2
Skar, V	2
Chang, MS	1
Minaya, MT	1
Cheng, J	1
Connor, BA	1
Lewis, SK	1
Green, PH	1
Tursi, A	3
Brandimarte, G	3
Giorgetti, GM	3
Di Stefano, M	2
Miceli, E	2
Malservisi, S	2
Missanelli, A	2
Strocchi, A	4
Corazza, GR	3
Ojetti, V	2
Nucera, G	1
Migneco, A	2
Gabrielli, M	2
Lauritano, C	2
Danese, S	1
Zocco, MA	2
Nista, EC	2
Cammarota, G	1
De Lorenzo, A	1
Gasbarrini, G	4
Gasbarrini, A	2
Scarpellini, E	1
Kerlin, P	1
Wong, L	1
Harris, B	1
Capra, S	1
Isselbacher, KJ	1
Ansaldi-Balocco, N	1
Malorgio, E	1
Faussone, D	1
Dell'Olio, D	1
Morra, I	1
Forni, M	1
Oderda, G	1
Casellas, F	2
De Torres, I	2
Malagelada, JR	2
Van Gossum, M	1
Mascart, F	1
Rickaert, F	1
Codden, T	1
Colonius, V	1
Maffei, HV	1
Metz, G	1
Bampoe, V	1
Shiner, M	1
Herman, S	1
Brook, CG	1
Marina, O	1
Fernández-Calle, P	1
Codoceo, R	1
Martín, M	1
Polanco, I	1
Leth, RD	1
Abrahamsson, H	1
Kilander, A	1
Lundell, LR	1
O'Keefe, SJ	1
O'Keefe, EA	1
Burke, E	1
Roberts, P	1
Lavender, R	1
Kemp, T	1
Lembcke, B	1
Bornholdt, C	1
Kirchhoff, S	1
Lankisch, PG	1
Corazza, G	1
Sorge, M	1
Roggero, P	1
Ceccatelli, MP	1
Volpe, C	1
Donattini, T	1
Giuliani, MG	1
Lambri, A	1
Tavani, E	1
Careddu, P	1
Magazzù, G	1
Saccà, MG	1
Conti Nibali, S	1
Sferlazzas, C	1
Tedeschi, A	1
Santoro, S	1
Littman, A	1
Armbrecht, U	1
Svanvik, J	1
Bodánszky, H	2
Horváth, K	2
Bata, A	2
Horn, G	2
Simon, K	2
Spiller, RC	1
Lee, YC	1
Edge, C	1
Ralphs, DN	1
Stewart, JS	1
Bloom, SR	1
Silk, DB	1
Newman, A	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial of Rifaximin for Persistent Symptoms in Patients With Celiac Disease[NCT01137955]		50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-10-31	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Validated seven point questionnaire that assesses gastrointestinal symptoms for five symptom areas, including abdominal pain, reflux, indigestion, diarrhea, and constipation. Individual scores are calculated for each symptom area and the mean of the scores is used to derive an overall GSRS score. Scores range from 0-7, with higher scores indicating gastrointestinal discomfort. (NCT01137955)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0)

Percentage of Participants With Abnormal Breath Test

Intervention	Score on a scale (Mean)
Rifaximin	2.7
Placebo	2.8

A breath test measures for small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). The breath test measures the amount of hydrogen exhaled after drinking a sugar (lactulose) solution. An abnormal breath test is defined as: 1) a rise in hydrogen of ≥20 parts per million (ppm) within 100 minutes, or 2) two peaks ≥20 ppm over baseline. (NCT01137955)
Timeframe: Up to 12 weeks

Week 12 Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) Score

Intervention	Percent of Participants (Number)
Rifaximin	12
Placebo	20

Week 2 Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) Score

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Rifaximin 400mg	2.5
Placebo	2.5

Article	Year
[Lactose and gluten intolerance: which to suscept?]. Revue medicale de Bruxelles, 2000, Volume: 21, Issue:4 Topics: Barium Sulfate; Biopsy; Breath Tests; Celiac Disease; Colonic Diseases, Functional; Contrast Media;	2000
Breath-analysis tests in gastroenterology. Gut, 1974, Volume: 15, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Blind Loop Syndrome; Breath Tests; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Monoxide; C	1974

Article	Year
Double-blind randomized controlled trial of rifaximin for persistent symptoms in patients with celiac disease. Digestive diseases and sciences, 2011, Volume: 56, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Breath Tests; Celiac Disease; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; H	2011
[Hydrogen breath test in celiac disease: relationship to histological changes in jejunal mucosa]. Minerva pediatrica, 1994, Volume: 46, Issue:12 Topics: Adolescent; Breath Tests; Celiac Disease; Child; Child, Preschool; Dietary Carbohydrates; Female; Gl	1994
Malabsorption of fat after partial gastric resection. A study of pathophysiologic mechanisms. The European journal of surgery = Acta chirurgica, 1991, Volume: 157, Issue:3 Topics: Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y; Breath Tests; Celiac Disease; Duodenostomy; Eating; Feces; Female; Gastrecto	1991
Milk-induced malabsorption in malnourished African patients. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 1991, Volume: 54, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Breath Tests; Celiac Disease; Enteral Nutrition; Feces; Female; Humans; Hydrog	1991
Enzyme substitution in chronic pancreatitis: effects on clinical and functional parameters and on the hydrogen (H2) breath test. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. Supplement, 1986, Volume: 126 Topics: Adult; Breath Tests; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Celiac Disease; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as To	1986

Article	Year
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and Celiac disease - coincidence or causation? Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology, 2020, Volume: 14, Issue:5 Topics: Bacterial Infections; Blind Loop Syndrome; Breath Tests; Celiac Disease; Diet, Gluten-Free; Dysbiosi	2020
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth among patients with celiac disease unresponsive to a gluten free diet. The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology, 2020, Volume: 31, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Blind Loop Syndrome; Breath Tests; Case-Control Studies; Celiac Disease; Child; Diet, Gl	2020
Influence of previously ingested wheat on fasting breath hydrogen in celiac patients. Digestive diseases and sciences, 2009, Volume: 54, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Breath Tests; Celiac Disease; Dietary Carbohydrates; Fasting; Female; Glutens; Hu	2009
Prevalence of adult-type hypolactasia as diagnosed with genetic and lactose hydrogen breath tests in Hungarians. European journal of clinical nutrition, 2009, Volume: 63, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biopsy; Breath Tests; Celiac Disease; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differe	2009
A novel one-hour 13C-sorbitol breath test versus the H2-sorbitol breath test for assessment of coeliac disease. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology, 2009, Volume: 44, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Breath Tests; Carbon Isotopes; Case-Control Studies; Cel	2009
Follow-up of coeliac disease with the novel one-hour 13C-sorbitol breath test versus the H2-sorbitol breath test. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology, 2011, Volume: 46, Issue:7-8 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Breath Tests; Carbon Isotopes; Celiac Disease; Diet, Gluten-Free; Fe	2011
H2 breath tests for the diagnosis of celiac disease. The American journal of gastroenterology, 2002, Volume: 97, Issue:10 Topics: Breath Tests; Celiac Disease; Humans; Hydrogen; Sorbitol; Xylose	2002
Sorbitol H2-breath test versus anti-endomysium antibodies to assess histological recovery after gluten-free diet in coeliac disease. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver, 2002, Volume: 34, Issue:12 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Autoantibodies; Breath Tests; Celiac Disease; Duodenum; Female; Fluorescent Antib	2002
Mixing of the intestinal content and variations of fermentation capacity do not affect the results of hydrogen breath test. The American journal of gastroenterology, 2003, Volume: 98, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Artifacts; Breath Tests; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Case-Control Studies; Celiac Disease; Colon	2003
Fermentation of endogenous substrates is responsible for increased fasting breath hydrogen levels in celiac disease. The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine, 2004, Volume: 143, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Blood Donors; Breath Tests; Celiac Disease; Fasting; Female; Fermentation; Humans; Hydrogen;	2004
High prevalence of celiac disease in patients with lactose intolerance. Digestion, 2005, Volume: 71, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Breath Tests; Case-Control Studies; Celiac Disease; Female; Humans; Hydrogen; Immunoglobulin	2005
Regression of lactose malabsorption in coeliac patients after receiving a gluten-free diet. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology, 2008, Volume: 43, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Atrophy; Biopsy; Breath Tests; Celiac Disease; Duodenum; Endoscopy, Digestive System; Female;	2008
Rice flour, breath hydrogen, and malabsorption. Gastroenterology, 1984, Volume: 87, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Breath Tests; Celiac Disease; Crohn Disease; Dietary Carbohydrates; Exocrine Pancreatic Insuf	1984
Malabsorption syndromes including disease of pancreatic and biliary origin. Current concepts in nutrition, 1980, Volume: 9 Topics: Bile Acids and Salts; Breath Tests; Celiac Disease; Diarrhea; Enterobacteriaceae; Exocrine Pancreati	1980
Follow-up of celiac disease with D-xylose breath test. Digestive diseases and sciences, 1996, Volume: 41, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Breath Tests; Celiac Disease; Female; Humans; Hydrogen; Male; Middle Aged; Xylose	1996
Improved screening for intestinal villous atrophy by D-xylose breath test. Digestive diseases and sciences, 2000, Volume: 45, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Atrophy; Biopsy; Breath Tests; Celiac Disease; Female; Humans; Hydrogen; Intestin	2000
Sorbitol H2-breath test versus anti-endomysium antibodies for the diagnosis of subclinical/silent coeliac disease. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology, 2001, Volume: 36, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Autoantibodies; Breath Tests; Celiac Disease; Humans; Hydrogen; Immunoglobulin A;	2001
Lactose intolerance, detected by the hydrogen breath test, in infants and children with chronic diarrhoea. Archives of disease in childhood, 1977, Volume: 52, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Breath Tests; Celiac Disease; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Diarrhea; Humans	1977
[A simultaneous study of intestinal permeability and the test of H2 in the expired breath of celiac children]. Acta gastroenterologica Latinoamericana, 1992, Volume: 22, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Analysis of Variance; Biopsy; Breath Tests; Celiac Disease; Cell Membrane Permeability;	1992
Clinical evaluation of a 25 g D-xylose hydrogen (H2) breath test. Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie, 1990, Volume: 28, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Aged; Breath Tests; Celiac Disease; Chronic Disease; Colonic Diseases, Functional; Digestive	1990
Glucose-H2 breath test for small intestine bacterial overgrowth. Gastroenterology, 1990, Volume: 98, Issue:1 Topics: Bacterial Infections; Breath Tests; Celiac Disease; Humans; Hydrogen; Intestine, Small	1990
Extent of lactose absorption in children with active celiac disease. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 1989, Volume: 9, Issue:3 Topics: Breath Tests; Celiac Disease; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Hydrogen; Infant; Intestinal Absorpti	1989
Breath hydrogen in celiac disease. Gastroenterology, 1989, Volume: 96, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Bacteria; Breath Tests; Celiac Disease; Child; Child, Preschool; Cystic Fibrosis; Female	1989
Lactase deficiency. Diagnosis and management. Hospital practice (Office ed.), 1987, Jan-30, Volume: 22, Issue:1A Topics: Adult; beta-Galactosidase; Blood Glucose; Breath Tests; Celiac Disease; Colonic Diseases, Functional	1987
Fasting breath hydrogen in celiac disease. Gastroenterology, 1987, Volume: 93, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Breath Tests; Celiac Disease; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Proteins; Fasting; Glutens; Huma	1987
Hydrogen breath test in small intestinal malabsorption. Acta paediatrica Hungarica, 1987, Volume: 28, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Breath Tests; Celiac Disease; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans;	1987
Delayed mouth-caecum transit of a lactulose labelled liquid test meal in patients with steatorrhoea caused by partially treated coeliac disease. Gut, 1987, Volume: 28, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Aged; Breath Tests; Cecum; Celiac Disease; Disaccharides; Female; Gastric Emptying; Gastroint	1987
[Expiratory H2 studies in absorption disorders of the small intestine]. Orvosi hetilap, 1986, Apr-20, Volume: 127, Issue:16 Topics: Biopsy; Celiac Disease; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Hydrogen; Intestine, Small; Lactose Intoler	1986

hydrogen and Celiac Disease