humulene and Tachycardia

The purpose of this review is to heighten the awareness of the increased use and risks of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) and associated clinical manifestations among adolescents and young adults.. Reviewed case studies suggest that the use of SCs have unpredictable negative psychological and physiological effects. Predominant manifestations reported were anxiety, agitation, paranoia, hallucinations, tachycardia, nausea and vomiting, and diaphoresis.. Nurses provide the most direct and supportive care to patients who present for medical treatment after the use of SCs. Knowledge of clinical manifestations can facilitate supportive management of patients suspected of SCs use.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Anxiety; Cannabinoids; Cannabis; Female; Hallucinations; Hallucinogens; Humans; Male; Nausea; Paranoid Disorders; Pediatric Nursing; Psychomotor Agitation; Risk Factors; Substance-Related Disorders; Tachycardia; Vomiting; Young Adult

The illicit use of the three main forms of cannabis-marijuana, hash, hash oil-pose certain obstacles and challenges to the dental professional. There are a number of systemic, as well as oral/head and neck manifestations, associated with cannabis use. Dentists need to be aware of these manifestations in order to take whatever precautions and/or modifications to the proposed treatment that might be necessary.

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Bronchitis; Cannabis; Dental Care for Chronically Ill; Gingival Diseases; Humans; Immune System; Leukoplakia, Oral; Marijuana Abuse; Marijuana Smoking; Mental Disorders; Mouth Neoplasms; Tachycardia; Xerostomia

Marijuana is the most widely used illicit substance in the United States. Cardiovascular complications in association with marijuana use have been reported during the past three decades. In view of the elevated public interest in this drug's role in pharmacotherapy in the recent years and the aging population of long-term marijuana users from the late 1960s, encounters with marijuana-related cardiovascular adversities may be silently on the rise. The purpose of this article is to increase awareness of the potential of marijuana to lead to cardiovascular disease. Here, we will discuss the physiologic effects of marijuana and include a comprehensive review of the studies and case reports that provide supportive evidence for marijuana as a trigger of adverse cardiovascular events, including tachyarrhythmias, acute coronary syndrome, vascular complications, and even congenital heart defects.

Topics: Adult; Angina Pectoris; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dronabinol; Female; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Paternal Exposure; Psychotropic Drugs; Tachycardia; Vasoconstriction

Ten men who were marijuana users served as subjects in a study of the effects of marijuana smoking on response to cold. Cold water (28 degrees C for 60 min) and cold air (20 degrees C for 120 min) mediums were utilized with three exposures in each medium. The three exposures followed smoking marijuana, smoking placebo, and a no-smoking control period. Additionally, a breathhold experiment preceded and followed the four smoking periods. Marijuana and placebo smoke were inhaled from a spirometer with each man receiving the smoke of 0.739 g of marijuana and placebo. Smoking marijuana did not greatly modify body heat content, since rectal temperature and most peripheral temperatures were not altered. However, temperatures over voluntary muscles likely to be involved in shivering were elevated. Heat production also greatly increased after marijuana, suggesting that it had stimulated shivering. Marijuana also produced tachycardia and abolished apneic bradycardia. The mechanism of this action is not clear, but some sympathetic involvement is indicated.

Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adult; Apnea; Body Temperature; Bradycardia; Cannabis; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cold Temperature; Environment, Controlled; Humans; Male; Placebos; Shivering; Spirometry; Tachycardia

Topics: Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Cannabis; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dronabinol; Headache; Heart Rate; Humans; Hunger; Hypotension; Injections, Intramuscular; Isomerism; Laughter; Male; Methoxamine; Nausea; Phenylephrine; Placebos; Posture; Tachycardia; Thirst; Vision Disorders

Topics: Administration, Oral; Cannabis; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Dronabinol; Drug Tolerance; Human Experimentation; Humans; Male; Phytotherapy; Placebos; Psychological Tests; Tachycardia; Time Factors; Vertigo

Consultations at pediatric emergency units for acute consciousness alterations is frequent. Miscellaneous causes include cranial trauma, meningoencephalitis, metabolic disorders, drugs, or other intoxications. We report here eight cases of infants who were brought to the emergency division due to acute consciousness failure after accidental ingestion of hashish, confirmed by urinary dosage of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol. This series of under 24-month-old infants only emphasizes the value of screening for cannabis in urine in cases of abnormal consciousness and/or abnormal behavior in an infant.

Topics: Accidents; Cannabis; Dronabinol; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Muscle Hypotonia; Tachycardia; Unconsciousness

Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the major active component of cannabis. Cardiovascular effects of THC have previously been reported: tachycardia after intake, but also bradycardia at higher doses. The purpose of this study was, firstly, to investigate the frequency and irregularity of heart rate in a group of cannabis users in their natural surroundings. We also compared THC-positive drivers with a regular pulse with THC-positive drivers with an irregular pulse.. The division of Forensic Toxicology and Drug Abuse (DFTDA) at the Norwegian Institute of Public Heath analyzes blood samples from all drivers suspected of driving under the influence of drugs. We studied pulse rate and regularity in 502 THC-positive drivers who tested negative for other substances. As a control group, we randomly selected 125 drug-negative cases from the database of the DFTDA; no alcohol, narcotics, or medicinal drugs of abuse were detected.. The Delta9-THC-positive drivers had a higher mean pulse rate than the control group [82.8 beats/min (SD 16.3) versus 75.6 beats/min (SD 9.2)] and more cases with tachycardia were detected in the Delta9-THC-positive group (19.4% versus 1.6%). There was only one driver with an irregular heart beat in the control group, while there were nine among the Delta9-THC-positive drivers. The drivers with an irregular pulse were over-represented amongst those with the lowest blood Delta9-THC concentrations.. This report represents a large study of subjects in a real-life situation and includes observations on pulse frequency, regularity, and blood Delta9-THC concentration. A substantial fraction of Delta9-THC-positive drivers had tachycardia, but there was no correlation between blood Delta9-THC concentration and pulse rate in the present study. We had no further diagnostic information on the cause of the pulse irregularities, but our results indicate that occasional users of cannabis tend to have irregular heart rates at low THC concentrations and at low pulse rates.

Topics: Adult; Automobile Driving; Cannabis; Case-Control Studies; Dronabinol; Female; Hallucinogens; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Substance Abuse Detection; Tachycardia

Marijuana soaked in formaldehyde, popularly called AMP, is an increasingly prominent abuse substance. Psychiatrists and emergency physicians should be alerted to AMP's unique symptom profile.

Topics: Adult; Cannabis; Female; Formaldehyde; Humans; Male; Psychomotor Disorders; Substance-Related Disorders; Tachycardia; Tremor

A comprehensive review of the established physiologic and metabolic effects of marijuana in relation to cardiovascular physiology and stress-response mechanisms has been presented. This information is related to the preoperative and postoperative treatment of the dental patient who smokes marijuana habitually. Marijuana is not a benign drug. Its vasoactive, cardiotropic, steroidogenic, and enhanced sympathoadrenal stress-response effects justify caution when administering atropine or epinephrine-containing products to the habitual user of marijuana. More clinical as well as laboratory research is needed to elucidate the speculation regarding a drug so frequently misused.

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenal Medulla; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Local; Behavior; Cannabinol; Cannabis; Cardiovascular System; Epinephrine; Heart; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Humans; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; Stress, Physiological; Tachycardia

Topics: Animals; Cannabis; Cardiovascular System; Dronabinol; Humans; Tachycardia

Topics: Anticonvulsants; Arabia; Blood Pressure; Cannabis; Electroencephalography; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, Ancient; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Hypotension, Orthostatic; India; Intraocular Pressure; Phytotherapy; Research; Sleep; Sleep, REM; Tachycardia; United States

Topics: Adult; Appetite; Attitude; Cannabis; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chronic Disease; Cognition Disorders; Dronabinol; Emotions; Humans; Inhibition, Psychological; Mental Disorders; Motivation; Movement Disorders; Nutrition Disorders; Phytotherapy; Respiratory System; Sexual Behavior; Social Behavior; Space Perception; Substance-Related Disorders; Tachycardia; Thinking; Time Factors; Time Perception